某金银多金属硫化矿选矿工艺流程的对比与研究

对于含金银的多金属硫化矿,本文介绍了三种选矿工艺流程以及金属矿物分选的控制因素。应用碱预处理氰化法提金,氰化尾渣多金属浮选分离的联合流程取得了较好的技术指标,金银浸出率高可达到多金属综合回收的目的。     

含金难处理矿石处理方法的评述和生物工艺技术的最新进展

叙述了含金硫化物矿石的难处理性问题，评述了可能的预处理方法。在这些方法中，生物浸出法从环境观点而言是一种今人感兴趣的方法。但直到目前，生物浸出过程在时间上太长。ＩＢＥＳ（有效分离的间接生物侵出）法，借助物理手段．把我们称之为间接接触机理的化学作用与生物作用分开．以改善生物浸出的动力学性能，从而使每个阶段的作用都得到增强。这种已在高品位硫化物浮选精矿中使用的方法，可推荐在含金硫化物矿石的预处理中使用。     

含砷多金属矿石微细粒嵌布金银选冶工艺试验研究

某含砷铅锌多金属矿石中,金、银矿物种类多,粒度微细(大多数<0.005mm),呈包裹状态赋存于黄铁矿和石英颗粒中,矿石砷含量高达6.12%。研究了中性矿浆浮选银铅、碳酸钠弱碱性矿浆浮选金银矿物,金银粗精矿氰化浸出,取得了较好的技术指标。     

采用驯化细菌从含金黄铁矿尾渣中浸出金

含金硫化物矿石在其硫化物晶格中常含有细分散的金和其它贵金属颗粒。由于贵金属颗粒被包裹,因此,这类矿石难于用常规的提取方法进行处理,致使金属常常残留于尾渣中而被弃失。本工作研究了在使用普通的提取技术(例如氰化法)之前,先采用生化浸出法对这类难处理的尾渣进行预处理的可能性。将含金黄铁矿的Leadville金矿尾渣先用泡沫浮选法浮选富集。在氰化浸出前,黄铁矿精矿用驯化12个星期的氧化铁硫杆菌进行不同周期的处理。氰化浸出前精矿经生化浸出处理可使金的提取率从32％提高到95％,银的提取率从48％提高到大于98％。     

内蒙古某矿含锌金银矿石选矿工艺试验研究

对内蒙古某矿含锌金银矿石进行了选矿试验。根据矿石性质,采用原矿氰化-浸渣浮锌流程,可实现就地产金、银,浸出率分别为78．89％、63．77％,浸渣浮锌,锌的回收率为84．64％,锌精矿品位43．25％;采用原矿混合浮选-精矿氰化-浸渣浮锌流程,同样可实现就地产金、银,浸出率分别为81．14％、56．44％,精矿浸渣浮锌,锌的回收率为74．55％,锌精矿品位为50．17％。     

河南某金银铅锌多金属矿石工艺矿物学研究

对河南某金银铅锌多金属矿石进行详细的工艺矿物学研究,查清该矿石工艺类型、主要回收目的矿物种类、粒度特征及嵌布特征等,为其制定合理的选别流程及技术条件提供了数据支撑。根据矿石及目的矿物工艺特征,确定了原矿重选—重尾浮选金银铅—金银铅尾浮选锌的选别流程,金、银、铅及锌都得到有效回收。     

铜铅多金属混合矿石优先浮选工艺试验研究

某铜铅矿石含铜·0．96％,含铅1．04％,属于铜铅多金属混合矿石。对该矿石进行混合浮选,其浮选精矿的铜铅分离很困难。最终通过优先浮选铜一尾矿浮选铅的工艺流程,并采用组合药剂抑制铅,浮选闭路流程试验获得了较好的指标：铜精矿铜品位24．35％,含铅6．91％,铜回收率82．04％;铅精矿铅品位45．13％,含铜1．73％,铅回收率68．54％。     

国外动态

硫化多金属含铁原料的处理方法苏联1985年No.1186673专利提出了一种处理硫化多金属含铁原料的方法。该法包括:在含浆液的压热浸出器内,于氧压下加热原料进行氧化浸出,使有色金属转入溶液中,硫转为元素硫,铁转为氢氧化物;用金属试剂或石灰石加金属试剂,使有色金属硫化物由含硫的浆液中沉淀下来,之后进行浮选分离,使硫和硫化物进入浮选浓缩物中,氢氧化铁则进入尾渣中。为了减少金属试剂的消耗和提高由沉淀泥浆中浮选浓缩物的质量,从溶液中分离出70—95％的有色金属后,往沉淀的浆液中加入含有0.5～2.5％克/升游离氧的氧化了的浆液。加入量为沉淀     

青海某铅锌金银多金属矿综合回收试验研究

针对青海某铅锌金银多金属矿矿石性质,采用浮选—尾矿氰化浸出流程进行了试验研究。其结果表明:在最佳试验条件下,浮选闭路流程获得的硫化铅精矿铅品位45.05%,氧化铅锌混合精矿铅+锌品位49.02%,铅总回收率80.10%,锌总回收率54.22%;浮选尾矿再进行氰化浸出,金总回收率为73.29%,银总回收率为79.99%;试验指标较好,矿产资源得到了综合回收。     

难处理金矿选矿试验研究

对难处理卡林型混合金矿石进行试验研究,得到处理该矿石合理的工艺流程及药剂条件。即采用细磨后强化浮选自然金及硫化物、浮选尾矿氰化回收氧化物的联合选别工艺,经实验室开路流程得到含Au品位55．89g/t,Au回收率70．08％的金精矿。浮选尾矿直接常规氰化浸金,Au作业浸出率91．5％。联合选别Au综合回收率90．4％。     

铅盐在氰化浸金中的作用及其应用条件

氰化作业中应用铅盐可在金粒表面形成微电池，对于纯金颗粒这原电池可促进金的溶解。但是矿石中的金不足纯金，而是含银等金属的合金，由铅盐形成的AuPb2电极电位略低于银电极电位，因此这原电池可能不利于自然金银矿物的氰化浸出。铅盐在氰化中的最有利作用是去除溶液中的S^2-离子，使金氰化浸出顺利进行。氰化作业适用铅盐的矿石主要为含磁黄铁矿的矿石、部分氧化矿石、含辉银矿的矿石、含砷矿石等。     

青海某铁帽型金银矿石氰化浸出试验研究

为开发利用铁帽型金银矿产资源,对青海某铁帽型金银矿石进行了氰化法浸出试验研究,考察了磨矿细度、浸出时间、矿浆浓度、NaCN用量、石灰用量和醋酸铅用量等因素对金银浸出率的影响,进而确定了最佳浸出条件。试验结果表明：在磨矿细度-0.074 mm占98.23%,矿浆浓度33.33%,石灰用量10 kg/t,氰化钠用量2.5 kg/t,醋酸铅用量100 g/t以及浸出时间24 h条件下,该矿石中金、银浸出率分别达到93%和83%以上。该研究成果为青海某铁帽型金银矿的开发利用提供了技术支撑,并对同类型矿石资源的高效开发具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Recovery of Silver and Gold from Cyanide Solution by Magnetic Species Formed in the Electrocoagulation Process

Cyanidation is the predominant process by which gold and silver are recovered from their ores in metallurgical operations, and it is recognized that the Carbon in Pulp, the Merrill–Crowe, the Ion Exchange, and Solvent Extraction processes are used for concentration and purification of gold and silver from cyanide solutions. Among other available options for recovery of precious metals from cyanide solutions, Electrocoagulation (EC) is a very promising water and wastewater electrochemical technique that does not require high concentrations of silver and gold in cyanide solutions to yield excellent results. In this work, an introduction to the fundamentals of the EC process is given, followed by the conditions and results of the EC test run for removal of precious metals from cyanide solutions, and finally the characterization of the solid products formed during the EC process with X-ray Diffraction, SEM, and Transmission Mossbauer Spectroscopy. Results suggest that magnetite particles and amorphous iron oxyhydroxides are present (Lepidocrocite and Gohetite). With the EC process, the achieved removal efficiency of silver and gold from cyanide solutions, within 5 min, exceeded 99%.     

Dissolution Chemistry of Gold and Silver in Different Lixiviants

Cyanide has been recognized for a long time as a powerful lixiviant for gold and silver, forming very stable cyano complexes with both metals. While cyanide is very effective in leaching free milling ores, there are certain classes of gold and silver ores (i.e., carbonaceous, pyritic. arsenical, manganiferous, cuperferous) that are considered refractory to conventional cyanidation dissolution. Recently there has been considerable effort directed towards new and improved reagents for leaching these difficult-to-treat ores and concentrates. A large portion of this effort has been devoted to finding alternative lixiviants that might compete with conventional cyanidation. Furthermore, there is a general interest in developing non-toxic environmentally safe substitutes for cyanide.

There are a number of reagents that form stable complexes with gold and silver e.g., thiourea, thiosulfate, halides, malononitrile, acetonitrile and polysulfides. The chemistry of gold and silver dissolution using alternative lixiviants is discussed in this paper. Special emphasis is given to the application of Eh-pH diagrams to interpret the dissolution behavior.     

加压氰化法提取金银的试验研究

采用加压氰化浸出法研究了从含金银矿石中提取金银。该工艺与常规氰化法相比，具有浸出周期短、效率高，投资少、成本低、浸出率高等优点，具有推广价值。     

添加增浸剂回收尾矿中金的研究

黔西南分布的金矿,大多属低品位、微细粒、包裹型原生矿,部分氧化矿石适宜氰化堆淋提金,但尾矿品位较高,达1.0g/t以上.本文研究发现添加适量增浸剂氰化处理尾矿,可降低其品位,提高浸出率.在小型试验的基础上,对兴义市陇纳金矿,及寨子头矿点进行了工业试验.结果尾矿品位分别降低至0.625g/t及0.44g/t,浸出率为77.75%(原为68.15%)及88.27%(原为82.4%).每吨矿石可盈利5～6元,具有显著的经济效益.     

The Chemistry of Cyanide-Metal Complexes in Relation to Hydrometallurgical Processes of Precious Metals

Abstract

Thermodynamic stability diagrams have been constructed for the cyanide-metal-sulphide/telluride/selenide systems. These were used to study the solution chemistry of the various metal-cyanide complexes in connection with cyanide leaching of gold and silver from complex sulphide, arsenosulphide, telluride and selenide ores. The results show that the formation of the metal-cyanide complexes and their stability relative to the metal oxides and sulphides depend critically on the total concentration of the cyanide and metal ions. At lower concentration ratios of Tc(CN)/Tc(Me), Ag, Cu, Ni and Zn all form insoluble metal cyanide precipitates. At higher concentration ratios, the precipitates are dissolved to form soluble cyano-metal complexes. The formation of gold and silver sulphides does not affect the stability region of aurocyanide and silver-cyanide complexes. Gold and silver telluride and selenide are stable in the presence of cyanide. These results suggest that direct leaching of gold and silver tellurides and selenides with cyanide is probably ineffective. The metal sulphides are classified into two groups according to their stability relative to the cyano-metal complexes. The application of these results to the cyanide leaching of gold and silver is discussed.     

提高磁黄铁矿型金矿石金铜回收率的工艺研究

本文对安徽省某金矿磁黄铁矿型高硫含铜金矿石提高金铜回收率的工艺进行试验研究，采用了重选－浮选－氰化－浮选的联合工艺流程，取得了满意的结果，新工艺与原工艺相比，氰化钠耗量减少了３ｋｇ／ｔ，浮铜捕收剂节省了７５％，金铜回收率分别提高了５％和１５％，同时综合回收了有价伴生组分硫，经济效益显著提高。