微量元素与中药功效关系的探讨

中药中含有丰富的微量元素，其种类和含量与中药功效有着密切的关系。从微量元素与中药的滋补作用，解热作用．抗菌消炎作用和止血作用等四方面，论述了微量元素与中药功效的关系。     

叶黄素简介

叶黄素属类胡萝卜素,近年研究发现其具有保护视觉、抗氧化、抗癌等作用。本文从叶黄素的结构、性质、来源、生理功效、研究现状及应用前景等方面进行了介绍。     

罂粟籽挥发油化学成分研究

罂粟籽为罂粟的种籽,作为药用,主要用果汁及壳,具有止痛、镇咳等多种功效,但因其所含吗啡等生物碱具有显著成瘾性,故将其列为毒麻药品而严格管理和使用;罂粟籽则榨油供食用,具有一定的医疗保健作用。     

西红花中金属元素的分析

西红花为鸢尾科植物番红花(Crocus sativus L)的干燥柱头.具活血化瘀,凉血解毒,解郁安神等功效.采用原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)测定西红花中部分金属元素的含量,通过对其宏量元素及微量元素含量的测定结果,分析了西红花中金属元素及其生理作用与药用功效之间的关系.随着元素医学的不断发展,金属元素与中药药效关系及对生物体系的作用有待研究.     

Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定石榴叶中多酚的含量

正石榴是石榴科石榴属落叶灌木,诸多研究表明,其果皮、种子、果汁、茎、叶等均含有各种对人体有益的营养成分,具有一定的保健和药用价值[1-6]。其中石榴叶很早就被发现具有收敛止泻、解毒杀虫的功效,在埃及作为传统药材[7]。现代研究显示,石榴叶还具有调节血脂水平、清除自由基、抗氧化、提高免疫力等作用[7-8],且这些活性效用均与其所富含的多酚类物质相关。但是,目前鲜见对石榴叶中多酚含量测定的报道,研究者多将焦点集中在石榴皮中多     

溪黄草总二萜提取工艺及抑制亚硝化反应的研究

唇形科香茶菜属植物溪黄草(Rabdosia serra(Maxim·)Hara)具有清热祛湿、凉血散瘀、抗肿瘤、抗菌、消炎及对肝脏的保护作用[1,2]。据文献报道,溪黄草中的对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜化合物,是其具有抗癌作用的主要功效成分[3-5]。其结构与冬凌草甲素极为相似,在同一波长处具有相似的紫     

肽的检测方法及化妆品中肽检测的计量需求

肽因具有良好的生物活性而在化妆品中得到越来越广泛的应用。介绍了化妆品中肽的类型及其作用,肽对改善皱纹、抗衰老和美白祛斑等方面有明显功效。当前社会对化妆品中肽的检测方法及计量学研究存在迫切需求,综述了目前检测肽常见的方法:凯氏定氮法、荧光检测技术、化学发光检测法、电泳法、比色法、酶联免疫吸附剂测定法、色谱法等。     

2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法测定蜂胶中维生素C

蜂胶是一种具有重要生理功效的天然药物和保健食品[1],是蜜蜂从植物芽孢和树干处采集的树脂,混入蜜蜂上颚腺分泌物和蜂蜡等形成的一种具有芳香味的黏性胶状固形物,其化学成分复杂,含有酚、酸、醇、酯、醚、萜、烯、甾醇及多种微量元素[2]。近年来,国内外学者所做的大量研究表明:蜂胶具有治疗心血管、糖尿病、皮肤病、胃肠疾病、抗癌、增强免疫、抗菌消炎等重要的生理功效[3],已经成为保健食品研究领域的热点。随着乙醇提取法、酶解法、超临界     

反萃分散液膜分离提取黄连中生物碱研究

黄连是一种常用的中草药,具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒之功效,其主要的活性成分为多种异喹啉生物碱,包括药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱等,这些生物碱具有抗菌、消炎和抗肿瘤等作用~([1～2]).因此,从黄连中提取这些生物碱具有重要意义.     

未来的窗户

现代社会,人们的生活离不开玻璃,玻璃窗户为我们提供了阳光、热量。介绍了智能玻璃在控制阳光、自我清洁等方面的功效以及改善途径。     

Analytical strategies to determine antibiotic residues in fish

The accelerated growth of aquaculture has resulted in a series of harmful effects to human health. The widespread and unrestricted use of antibiotics in this industry, to prevent bacterial infections, leads to remaining amounts in the aquatic environment. This has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquaculture environments, in the increase in antibiotic resistance in fish pathogens as well as in the transfer of these resistance determinants to human pathogens. Moreover, the use of large amounts of antibiotics may lead to the presence of residual antibiotics in fish tissue and fish products. Fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, penicillins, sulphonamides and other antibiotics, exhibiting activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, are widely used for the treatment and prevention of diseases in fish. An extended and comprehensive review on the recent analytical methodologies concerning antibiotic residues in fish reported in the literature is provided in the present article. Emphasis is given on sample preparation regarding isolation and purification, chromatographic conditions and method validation according to legislation. Results of published assays are comparatively presented and criticised.     

Sol-gel Transition of Methylcellulose Solution in the Coexistence of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide and Sodium Chloride

The sol-gel transition of methylcellulose (MC) solution in the presence of NaCl and hexade-cyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB), together with MC/NaCl solution in the presence of HTAB and MC/HATB solution in the presence of NaCl, was investigated by the rheolog-ical measurements. It has been found that the sol-gel transition temperature of MC solution decreases linearly with the concentration of NaCl in solution but increases linearly with the concentration of HTAB in solution, respectively. However, the sol-gel transition temperature of MC/NaCl solution in the presence of HTAB keeps the same value, independent of theconcentration of HTAB in solution. On the other hand, the sol-gel transition temperature of MC/HTAB solution decreases linearly with the concentration of NaCl in solution. The experimental results suggest that, for MC/NaCl solution in the presence of HTAB, the salt-induced spherical micelles of HTAB should have formed in bulk solution. For MC solution in the absence of NaCl, no spherical micelles have been formed in bulk solution, though the concentration of HTAB in our experiment is almost one order of magnitude higher than the critical micelle concentration of HTAB in polymer-free solution. In fact, due to adsorption of HTAB on MC chains, the realconcentration of HTAB in bulk solution, is much less than the apparent concentration of HTAB dissolved in MC solution.     

Asymmetric Catalysis: Science and Opportunities (Nobel Lecture)

Asymmetric catalysis, in its infancy in the 1960s, has dramatically changed the procedures of chemical synthesis, and resulted in an impressive progression to a level that technically approximates or sometimes even exceeds that of natural biological processes. The recent exceptional advances in this area attest to a range of conceptual breakthroughs in chemical sciences in general, and to the practical benefits of organic synthesis, not only in laboratories but also in industry. The growth of this core technology has given rise to enormous economic potential in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, animal health products, agrochemicals, fungicides, pheromones, flavors, and fragrances. Practical asymmetric catalysis is of growing importance to a sustainable modern society, in which environmental protection is of increasing concern. This subject is an essential component of molecular science and technology in the 21st century. Most importantly, recent progress has spurred various interdisciplinary research efforts directed toward the creation of molecularly engineered novel functions. The origin and progress of my research in this field are discussed.     

脱发白发与微量元素关系研究

利用火焰原子吸收法测定了中国银行韶关节市分行４５８名职工头发中Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ，Ｃａ含量，运用统计学方法求出该人群中正常者与白发，脱发者Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，ＺｎＣａ的特征含量，通过数据比较可看出，白发者Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ，Ｃａ的含量均低于正常组，而脱发者与正常组较接近，经相关性检验，证明了Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ，Ｃａ偏低的血发存在的相关性，与脱发没有相关性，经过性别比对，女性发中Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ，Ｃａ含量均高于男     

Research progress of graphene-based nanomaterials for the environmental remediation

Graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial with huge surface area,high carrier mobility and high mechanical strength.Because of its great potential in nanotechnology and environmental protection,it has attracted much attention in environmental and energy fields since its discovery in 2004.Although graphene is a star material,many reviews have introduced its use in terms of energy,the research progress in the field of environment,especially water pollution control,has been rarely reported.Here,we review exhaustively the research progress of graphene-based materials in environmental pollution remediation in the past ten years.Firstly,the advantages and classification of graphene were introduced.Secondly,the research progress and main achievements of graphene and its composites in the fields of photocatalytic degradation,pollutant adsorption and water treatment were emphatically described,and the mechanism of action in the above fields was summarized.Finally,we discuss the problems existing in the preparation and summarize the application of graphene in the environment.     

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric (ICP/MS) Determination of Thallium in Soils and Winter Rapeseeds

Abstract

The ICP/MS method with lutetium, bismuth and indium as internal standards was used for the determination of thallium and other elements, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Mo, Cd, As and Pb, in soils and rapeseeds. Samples were collected in two thallium highly pedogeochemicaily contaminated areas situated in South Bohemia and in Czech-Moravian Highlands, in two river alluvia, in two control sites with low levels of TI and in one spot with anthropogenic contamination. Levels higher than 2.5 mg kg^?1 have been found in rapeseeds in the highly polluted areas (c. 2.8 mg kg^?1 in soils). High correlation coefficients, r > 0.81, between content of TI in top- and sub-soils and rapeseeds were obtained. Thallium concentrations exceed twice of Pb content and by one order of magnitude of Cd amounts. This finding are very important because of the high toxicity of TI and the absence of threshold limits for TI in soils, agricultural products and foodstuffs in the Czech Republic.     

Species differences in the metabolism of arsenic compounds

Humans are exposed via air, water and food to a number of different arsenic compounds, the physical, chemical, and toxicological properties of which may vary considerably. In people eating much fish and shellfish the intake of organic arsenic compounds, mainly arsenobetaine, may exceed 1000 μg As per day, while the average daily intake of inorganic arsenic is in the order of 10–20 μg in most countries. Arsenobetaine, and most other arsenic compounds in food of marine origin, e.g. arsenocholine, trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsenic acids, are rapidly excreted in the urine and there seem to be only minor differences in metabolism between animal species. Trivalent inorganic arsenic (AsIII) is the main form of arsenic interacting with tissue constituents, due to its strong affinity for sulfhydryl groups. However, a substantial part of the absorbed AsIII is methylated in the body to less reactive metabolities, methylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), which are rapidly excreted in the urine. All the different steps in the arsenic biotransformation in mammals have not yet been elucidated, but it seems likely that the methylation takes place mainly in the liver by transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to arsenic in its trivalent oxidation state. A substantial part of absorbed arsenate (AsV) is reduced to AsIII before being methylated in the liver. There are marked species differences in the methylation of inorganic arsenic. In most animal species DMA is the main metabolite. Compared with human subjects, very little MMA is produced. The marmoset monkey is the only species which has been shown unable to methylate inorganic arsenic. In contrast to other species, the rat shows a marked binding of DMA to the hemoglobin, which results in a low rate of urinary excretion of arsenic.     

Neobavaisoflavone May Modulate the Activity of Topoisomerase Inhibitors towards U-87 MG Cells: An In Vitro Study

Despite many advances in therapy, glioblastoma (GB) is still characterized by its poor prognosis. The main reason for this is unsuccessful treatment, which slightly extends the duration of remission; thus, new regimens are needed. One of many types of chemotherapeutics that are being investigated in this field is topoisomerase inhibitors, mainly in combination therapy with other drugs. On the other hand, the search for new anti-cancer substances continues. Neobavaisoflavone (NBIF) is a natural compound isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L., which possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NBIF in human U-87 MG glioblastoma cells in comparison to normal human NHA astrocytes, and to examine if it influences the activity of irinotecan, etoposide, and doxorubicin in this in vitro model. We demonstrated that NBIF decreases U-87 MG cells viability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that it inhibits cell growth and causes glutathione (GSH) depletion more intensely in U-87 MG cells than in astrocytes. This study also provides, for the first time, evidence of the potentialization of the doxorubicin effect by NBIF, which was shown by the reduction in the viability in U-87 MG cells.     

Phosphaalkynes—Syntheses,Reactions, Coordination Behavior [New Synthetic Methods (73)]

Organophosphorus compounds have been applied in two ways in chemical synthesis. They can either be used as a reagent in a step of the synthesis (for example, in the Wittig reaction) or they can be incorporated directly into the target molecule. This second application, in particular, has expanded greatly in the last few years with the preparation of low-coordination phosphorus compounds. These include the phosphaalkynes, which are of great interest to organic and inorganic chemists. Phosphaalkynes have been employed in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, phosphaarenes and their valence isomers, and polycyclic compounds. Further applications have been the use of phosphaalkynes as new ligand systems in complex chemistry and their cyclooligomerization with organometallic reagents. While the chemical properties of phosphaalkynes have little in common with those of nitriles, they are in many ways very similar to those of the isoelectronic acetylenes.     

汉中青少年头发5种元素的分析

用原子吸收光谱法测定了陕西汉中地区２６６例健康男女青少年头发中５种金属元素的含量。并进行了直线相关回分析。结果表明,青春期女性头发中的铜,锌、铁、钙,镁５种元素的含量皆明显高于同年龄段男性;Ｃａ与Ｍｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ元素含量之间有不同程度的相关。