Total phenol,flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and vitamin C levels and antioxidant activities of Mauritian vegetables

Ten Mauritian vegetables, broccoli, cauliflower, white cabbage, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, mugwort, carrot, onion, tomato and chilli pepper, were analysed for their total phenol, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and vitamin C contents and antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant activities of the vegetables ranged from 0.43 to 3.68 µmol g^?1 fresh weight Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and from 0.60 to 8.47 µmol g^?1 fresh weight ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Levels of total phenols in the vegetables varied between 132 and 1189 µg g^?1 fresh weight and those of total flavonoids between 45 and 944 µg g^?1 fresh weight, while proanthocyanidins were detected at very low levels in only a few vegetables. Vitamin C contents varied between 25 and 748 µg g^?1 fresh weight. Quercetin was the dominant flavonoid aglycone in the hydrolysed vegetable extracts, with values in the range of 15–390 µg g^?1 fresh weight. There were strong correlations between antioxidant capacity and total phenols (TEAC, r = 0.91; FRAP, r = 0.83) and total flavonoids (TEAC, r = 0.89; FRAP, r = 0.82). Vitamin C contents showed poor correlation with TEAC values (r = 0.33), while no correlation was observed with FRAP values. Highest antioxidant capacities were observed in Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L), onion (Allium cepa L), mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris Cantley) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L var botrytis L subvar cymosa). Mauritian vegetables therefore represent a significant source of phenolic antioxidants, with quercetin derivatives being most abundant, and this may contribute to their potential health benefits. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant capacity, phenolic content and vitamin C in pulp, peel and seed from 24 exotic fruits from Colombia

Twenty-four exotic Colombian fruits were evaluated for antioxidant activity and total soluble phenolics (TP) (edible part, seed and peel) and ascorbic acid content (edible part). The antioxidant activities were evaluated by ABTS (free radical-scavenging capacity) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods. The ABTS, FRAP, TP and ascorbic acid values in the edible part were 3.25 to 175 ??M Trolox equiv/g fresh weight (FW), 6.29 to 144 ??M Trolox equiv/g FW, 15.7 to 1018 mg gallic acid equiv/100 g FW, and 0.53 to 257 mg ascorbic acid/100 g FW respectively. There were positive correlations between antioxidant activity (assessed by both ABTS and FRAP) and TP and ascorbic acid with the FRAP and ABTS methods. The edible part of banana passion fruits (P. tarminiana and P. mollisima) exhibited the highest values of antioxidant activity and total phenolics, while the highest level of ascorbic acid was recorded in the edible part of guava apple and cashew. The seeds with the highest values of antioxidant activity and total phenols were cashew, algarrobo, arazá and coastal sapote, while the peel of coastal sapote and algarrobo had the highest values of antioxidant activity and total phenolics. To the best of our knowledge, this paper reports the first evaluation of pulp, seed and skin of Colombian tropical fruits with a view to their knowledge utilization for the development of novel functional food products.     

红花椒果实抗氧化活性研究

以成熟汉源红花椒果实为研究对象,测定了其总酚和总黄酮的含量,并采用2,2′-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼基(DPPH),以及还原能力法对红花椒果实的抗氧化活性进行了评价。结果表明:汉源红花椒果实中酚类和黄酮类物质的含量分别为:(29.47±0.27)mg没食子酸/g和(59.55±0.9)mg芦丁/g,其甲醇提取物具有明显的抗氧化能力,清除DPPH和ABTS的EC50分别为(13.84±0.24)μg/mL和(7.42±0.84)μg/mL。同时在10~50μg/mL浓度范围内表现出较好的还原能力。     

不同品种桑椹酒抗氧化能力及其多酚含量分析

对6个不同品种的桑椹酒的总酚、总类黄酮、原花青素、总花色苷及桑椹酒中主要的两种花色苷（矢车菊-3-氧-芸香糖苷和矢车菊-3-氧-葡萄糖苷）的总抗氧化能力及其相关性进行了分析.结果表明,不同品种的总酚、总类黄酮、原花青素、总花色苷、矢车菊-3-氧-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊-3-氧-芸香糖苷和总抗氧化能力变幅和变异系数较大,存在显著差异（P＜0.05）;桑椹酒总抗氧化能力与总酚、总类黄酮、原花青素、总花色苷及矢车菊-3-氧-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊-3-氧-芸香糖苷含量之间存在正相关性,其中与总酚的相关性最强,达到0.917 2.     

微波焙烤对藜麦酚类含量及抗氧化性的影响

研究微波焙烤对藜麦"陇藜1号"酚类和抗氧化性的影响。结果表明:微波焙烤对藜麦总酚、总黄酮及抗氧化性有显著影响(P 0. 05);微波功率较低时藜麦总酚含量随着焙烤时间延长而增加,功率较高时则相反;总黄酮含量随着微波焙烤功率升高和时间的延长而降低;微波功率较低时藜麦抗氧化性随着焙烤时间延长而增强,功率较高时则相反;总酚含量与藜麦抗氧化性呈极显著正相关(P 0. 01),总黄酮含量与藜麦抗氧化性相关性不显著(P 0. 05)。     

丹参不同部位总酚酸和总黄酮含量分析及其抗氧化活性研究

以丹参根、茎、叶为研究对象,在测定其总酚酸及总黄酮含量的基础上,以VC 为阳性对照,选用还原力、DPPH 自由基清除率和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)过氧化体系对不同部位醇提物进行抗氧化活性评价。结果表明：叶中总酚酸和总黄酮含量显著高于其他部位,其总酚酸含量分别为根和茎的1.07 倍和6.81 倍;总黄酮含量分别为根和茎的4.79 倍和14.5 倍。在预设质量浓度为20mg/mL 时,丹参叶醇提物的抗氧化活性最强,其还原力、DPPH 自由基清除率、对PUFA 过氧化体系的抑制作用分别相当于VC(1mg/mL)的1.08、1.01、5.78 倍。总酚酸的含量和抗氧化活性之间具有很高的相关性,表明抗氧化活性可能与酚酸类物质有关。     

昭通特色水果中维生素C的提取工艺及含量测定

目的优化提取昭通特色水果中的维生素C,并测定其含量。方法设计单因素实验优化提取昭通特色水果中的维生素C,并采用2,4-二硝基苯肼法和紫外分光光度法测定其含量。结果最佳提取条件为:温度37℃,恒温水浴3 h和活性炭用量1.0 g。以抗坏血酸为标准溶液在497 nm处测定昭通产山楂、梨、苹果和葡萄中维生素C含量分别为30.3、6.3、7.1和25.8 mg/100 g。结论该方法可为昭通特色水果中维生素C的提取及含量测定提供参考。     

覆盆子醇提物及其不同极性部位抗氧化活性研究

以覆盆子醇提物及其不同极性部位的总酚、黄酮含量和抗氧化活性为研究目的,采用还原力,1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)和OH自由基清除能力抗氧化体系来评价它们的抗氧化活性,研究结果表明:乙酸乙酯相的总酚和黄酮含量最高,分别为(328.33±13.75)mg/g和(298.25±25.64)mg/g(p<0.05);该相在不同抗氧化体系中的抗氧化活性也最强,清除DPPH和OH的能力显著强于BHT(p<0.05)。覆盆子醇提物及其不同极性部位中的总酚含量与还原力,DPPH和OH清除能力呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.9197、0.9321和0.9808,这表明总酚是覆盆子提取物的主要抗氧化活性成分。     

16种常见可食花卉水提液的总多酚与总黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性

测定16种常见可食花卉水提液的总多酚与总黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性,并分析它们之间的相关性。FolinCiocalteu法测定总多酚含量,Na NO₂-Al Cl₃-Na OH法测定总黄酮含量,FRAP、DPPH、ABTS⁺·法测定抗氧化活性。在16种可食花卉水提液中,抗氧化活性以牡丹花、紫玫瑰、月季最强,红巧梅、茉莉花最弱。可食花卉水提液的抗氧化活性差异较大,和总多酚含量相关性强,和总黄酮含量相关性弱。      

木瓜抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法三种测定法对木瓜叶和木瓜果实体外抗氧化活性进行综合评价,并分析其总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。结果表明:木瓜6个提取物中,木瓜叶乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+（IC50=6.66μg/mL,TEAC=1293.25μmol/g）最强,其中,清除ABTS自由基活性和阳性对照BHT（IC50=6.56μg/mL）相当,还原Fe3+能力低于BHT（TEAC=2503.17μmol/g）;木瓜果实乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基（IC50=48.99μg/mL）能力最强,弱于阳性对照BHT（IC50=24.49μg/mL）。木瓜叶乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+的能力可能与其多酚、黄酮含量高有关,木瓜果实乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基的能力可能也与其多酚、黄酮含量高有关。      

蜂胶不同溶剂萃取物组成和抗氧化性的研究

以蜂胶为原料,分别以甲醇、乙醇、氯仿、蒸馏水为溶剂进行萃取,测定各萃取物总酚与黄酮类物质的含量,通过测定还原能力,清除DPPH 自由基能力的测定来比较4 种不同萃取物的抗氧化性。结果表明：甲醇萃取物具有较强的抗氧化性。甲醇萃取物浓度为0.25mg/ml 时还原力高达1.162,且浓度为0.05mg/ml 时对DPPH 自由基清除率为64.676%。乙醇萃取物通过石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丙酮依次分级萃取后所得到4 种萃取物各项指标测定结果表明,氯仿萃取了蜂胶乙醇萃取物中主要成分,但乙酸乙酯和丙酮萃取物的还原能力及清除DPPH 自由基清除能力较佳,在浓度为0.05mg/ml 时还原力分别为2.087 和1.798,DPPH自由基清除率达87.724% 和88.013%。     

益智仁总黄酮超声辅助提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

为优化益智仁总黄酮的超声辅助提取工艺,通过单因素试验考察乙醇体积分数、液料比、超声时间和超声功率对总黄酮得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,通过Box-Behnken试验设计,获得益智仁总黄酮超声辅助提取的最佳工艺;以总抗氧化能力、清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical,DPPH）自由基能力、清除超氧阴离子自由基能力、螯合铁离子能力为指标,评价了益智仁总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明：超声辅助提取益智仁总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数65%、液料比40∶1（mL/g）、超声时间35 min、超声功率360 W,在此条件下益智仁总黄酮得率为0.50%;益智仁总黄酮具有较好的抗氧化活性,总抗氧化能力、清除DPPH自由基能力、清除超氧阴离子自由基能力和螯合铁离子能力均与黄酮质量浓度表现出一定的量效关系;益智仁总黄酮清除DPPH自由基、清除超氧阴离子自由基和螯合铁离子能力的半数有效浓度（EC50）分别为（2.85±0.20）、（0.87±0.05）g/L和（2.45±0.30）g/L。     

Effect of germination on vitamin C,phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is well known for its health benefits and chemical composition. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic changes caused by germination in vitamin C, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of flaxseed. It was observed that eight‐day germination of flaxseed sprouts caused increases in phytochemical contents, that is 22.1‐fold increase in vitamin C, 2.67‐fold increase in phenolics and 5.48‐fold increase in flavonoid contents as compare to initial concentration in flaxseeds on dry weight basis. The stimulation was also noted in the three identified phenolic acid ingredients including caffeic acid, p‐coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Similarly, the total PSC and ORAC values of flax sprouts at day 8 increased by 3‐ to 4‐folds compared to nongerminated flaxseeds. It is revealed that comparatively, 8‐day germination of flax sprouts leads to a significant increase in vitamin C, phenolic constituents and total antioxidant activities than those of flaxseeds.     

Evaluation of antioxidant activities and phenolic subtype contents of ethanolic bran extracts of Thai pigmented rice varieties through chemical and cellular assays

This study revealed that the ethanolic bran extracts of 11 Thai pigmented (red and purple) and 2 nonpigmented rice varieties exerted scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals and ROS in HL‐60 cells in the following order: red > purple > nonpigmented rice. These rice extracts also showed the same order of phenolic and flavonoid contents, which were strongly correlated with their scavenging activity. Phenolic subtype analysis further indicated that proanthocyanidins as well as anthocyanins and protocatechuic acid contributed directly to antioxidant capacity in red and purple rice bran, respectively. In contrast, these pigmented rice bran extracts possessed moderate chelating activity partly attributed to their contents of phenolics and flavonoids, especially proanthocyanidins in red rice bran. Moreover, rice bran extracts significantly restored SOD and CAT activities in oxidative stress‐induced A549 cells. This study provides new insights on the intracellular potent antioxidant capacity of pigmented rice bran extracts in the cell‐based systems.     

Effect of increasing manganese concentration in nutrient solution on the antioxidant activity,vitamin C,lycopene and polyphenol contents of tomato fruit

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effect of increasing manganese (Mn) nutrition on the content of antioxidative compounds such as vitamin C, lycopene and polyphenols, and the antioxidant activity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cvs ‘Alboney F1’ and ‘Emotion F₁’) fruit. Plants were grown in rockwool using a nutrient solution with the following content of Mn (mg dm^–3): 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, 9.6 and 19.2. The level of vitamin C and lycopene decreased with the increasing Mn nutrition. Since the colour of fruits was correlated with the change in carotenoid content, the decrease in lycopene content promoted the reduction of redness and increase of yellowness of fruits. However, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity significantly increased when plant were exposed to toxic levels of Mn. Observed changes could be the result of the oxidative stress induced by high concentrations of Mn. Polyphenolic compounds play a crucial role in the plant’s response to Mn stress and affect predominantly the total antioxidant properties of fruits, which could be used as a source of phenolics. Moreover, total phenolic content measurement, as an easy and inexpensive method, could be used as an indicator of Mn-induced stress in fruits of tomato.     

咖啡酸维生素C酯的合成、抑菌活性和抗氧化性研究

研究了以3,4-二羟基苯甲醛、丙二酸和维生素C为原料,经过Knoevenagel缩合和直接酯化一锅法合成咖啡酸维生素C酯的方法,并考察了咖啡酸维生素C酯的抑菌活性和抗氧化性。在催化剂SO42-/ZrO2的作用下,3,4-二羟基苯甲醛与丙二酸首先发生Knoevenagel缩合生成咖啡酸,产物不需要分离,加入维生素C继续进行酯化反应,以85.1%的产率得到了咖啡酸维生素C酯,产物结构用1HNMR和IR进行确证。抑菌活性实验表明,咖啡酸维生素C酯对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、酿酒酵母、青霉、黄曲霉和黑曲霉均有较强的抑制作用,对细菌和酵母的抑制作用高于霉菌。抗氧化性实验表明,咖啡酸维生素C酯可以有效清除DPPH自由基和羟基自由基,清除效果明显好于维生素C。      

9个品种番石榴果实提取物抗氧化活性比较研究

目的 分析比较9个品种番石榴果实的抗氧化活性,为筛选适合开发天然抗氧化产品的番石榴优良品种提供理论依据。方法 测定‘紫色’‘红宝石’‘粉红蜜’‘西瓜’‘珍珠’‘帝王’‘翠玉’‘水蜜’‘本土’9个品种番石榴醇提物和水提物的总酚、黄酮含量,研究其对2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid）ammonium salt, ABTS]、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH）自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力,利用抗氧化能力综合指数评价不同样品的抗氧化活性,并分析总酚、黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的相关性。结果 9个品种番石榴醇提物总酚和黄酮含量分别为1.363~2.394 g/100 g和0.607~1.875 g/100 g,对DPPH、ABTS自由基的半数清除浓度（medium inhibition concentration, IC50）分别为0.242~0.518 mg/mL和1.990~4.929 mg/mL,总抗氧化能力为0.113~0.206 mmol/g;水提物总酚和黄酮含量则为1.192~2.142 g/100 g和0.393~1.118 g/100 g,对DPPH、ABTS自由基的IC50分别为0.320~0.661 mg/mL和2.837~5.472 mg/mL,总抗氧化能力为0.105~0.181 mmol/g。水提物和醇提物的总酚、黄酮含量均以‘紫色’番石榴最高,抗氧化能力综合指数也以‘紫色’最高。除‘水蜜’外,其他品种醇提物的抗氧化活性均高于水提物。相关性分析结果显示,总酚、黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力、总抗氧化能力和抗氧化能力综合指数呈正相关关系。结论 9个品种番石榴的提取物中,‘紫色’醇提物的总酚、黄酮含量和抗氧化活性最高,是开发天然抗氧化产品的最佳来源。     

向日葵茎髓醇提物中不同溶剂萃取部位总酚、总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的相关性

依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇对向日葵茎髓乙醇提取物进行萃取,得到不同极性萃取部位, 测定石油醚萃取部位（PE）、乙酸乙酯萃取部位（EE）和正丁醇萃取部位（BE）的总酚和总黄酮含量及其 体外抗氧化活性,并分析其相关性。结果表明：EE中总酚和总黄酮含量均最高,分别为（1.60±0.10）mg/g 和（20.50±1.55）mg/g;且其1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清 除率（半抑制浓度（2.56±0.10）mg/mL）、2,2’-二氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）自由基清除率（半抑制浓度（52.00±1.97）μmol/g）和铁离子还原能 力（半抑制浓度（120.57±0.74）μmol/g）也最好;总酚、总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的相关性分析结果表明,各向 日葵茎髓萃取部位的DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS＋·清除能力及铁离子还原能力与其总酚和总黄酮含量均呈极显著 正相关（P＜0.01）。