雾化造粒钼粉烧结过程研究

研究了喷雾造粒钼粉脱脂、烧结过程,结果表明:该制备工艺中脱脂温度是控制造粒钼粉碳含量的重要参数;烧结过程直接影响造粒钼粉组织形貌、霍尔流速及松装密度;采用该工艺制备的造粒钼粉具备良好流动性、大松装密度,是近净成形钼精密器件及喷涂行业理想的原材料。     

粉末形状与松装密度对不锈钢烧结多孔材料制备工艺及其性能的影响

通过选用气雾化及水雾化两种工艺方法制备的不锈钢粉末来制取粉末烧结多孔材料。探讨了粉末形状及松装密度对不锈钢粉末烧结多孔材料制造工艺中的成形压力和烧结温度等工艺参数的影响;研究了原料粉末松装密度对不锈钢粉末烧结多孔材料的透气性、拉伸强度的影响。结果表明:成形压力、烧结温度和制品的透气性受粉末松装密度影响显著。粒度范围为0.18～0.90mm时,气雾化粉末的成形压力比水雾化粉末要高近1倍;当粉末的粒度相同时,采用松装密度大的球形粉末所需的烧结温度比松装密度小的不规则粉末的高60～70℃;粒度为0.45～0.60mm时,选用松装密度为4.13 g/cm3粉末所制备的多孔制品的透气性为3.16×10-10m2,而选用松装密度为2.67 g/cm3的粉末所制备的多孔制品的透气性仅为8.8×10-11m2。不锈钢多孔材料的强度受原料粉末的松装密度影响显著;粒度相同,制备工艺相同时,采用较低松装密度的粉末的制品,能够得到较高的强度。     

粉末锻造用含铬低合金钢粉

日本科学技术厅金属材料研究所武田彻等人研究了一种生产烧结锻造用合铬低合金钢粉的新方法。用这种方法生产的低合金钢粉含有0.1～2%Cr(重量);通过氢减量使粒子表面由多孔质层构成;松装密度为2.5～4.3克/厘米~3。这种钢粉的压缩性和成形性都非常好。通常使用的烧结锻造用铁粉及低合金钢粉松装密度为2.7～3克/厘米~3,粒度为-100目,性质与常规粉末冶金法生产的高密度烧结件(密度6.8～7.2克/厘米~3)的原料铁粉差不多。烧结锻造法通过高温锻造可充分增大粒子之间的接触面积,因此可以使用+100目的粗粉。     

装粉方式对钛粉压制成形影响的数值模拟

用MSC.Marc软件模拟了在3种不同装粉方式下钛粉压制成形过程中粉末的流动情况以及压坯的密度分布规律。研究结果表明:装粉方式对粉末压制过程及压坯密度具有较大的影响,与平式装粉方式相比,采用凸式装粉,试样的烧结坯密度提高6％,孔隙分布的均匀性得到相应的改善。     

纯钛粉高速压制行为及其烧结性能研究

采用自主研发的机械蓄能式高速压机成形纯钛粉,研究纯钛粉高速压制成形行为及烧结坯的组织和性能。结果表明:经高速压制工艺成形的生坯密度随着冲击能量增加而增加。冲击能量为1805 J时获得的最高压坯密度为4.37 g/cm~3,相对密度达到96.9%。生坯的径向弹性后效随着冲击能量的增加而增加。在1200℃真空烧结后发现,随着冲击能量的增加和烧结时间的延长,烧结密度增加。烧结2.5 h后,获得的最高密度达到4.50 g/cm~3,相对密度为99.8%,最大硬度达到298 HV。当冲击能量为1805J烧结时间为1.5 h时,最高的抗拉强度达到638 MPa。径向烧结收缩率随着冲击能量增加而减少,而轴向烧结收缩率与冲击能量的关系不存在明显的规律。     

高纯金属钒粉烧结性能研究

利用电子探针观察高纯金属钒粉粒度和形貌, 使用油压机将高纯金属钒粉压制成坯条, 并采用万能试验机测定钒坯条压溃变形力曲线, 分析钒坯条最优压制压力; 分别通过热压烧结和冷等静压+真空烧结的方法对高纯钒粉进行烧结, 研究烧结工艺对高纯钒粉烧结特性和力学性能的影响。结果表明: 采用冷等静压+真空烧结的方法, 在压制成形过程中, 钒粉压坯密度和相对密度随压力的增加而逐步提高, 压力提高到280 MPa时, 压坯密度和相对密度分别为3.99 g·cm-3和66.94%;经真空烧结后, 坯料密度和相对密度分别为5.28 g·cm-3和88.59%。压制压力由80 MPa提高到200 MPa时, 压溃强度从0.4 MPa增加到6.0 MPa, 增大趋势较为明显; 压制压力提高到280 MPa时, 压溃强度增加到7.4 MPa, 增大趋势变缓。经热压烧结坯料的相对密度比冷等静压+真空烧结坯料的相对密度高, 280MPa压力下热压烧结坯料密度和相对密度分别达到5.51g·cm-3和92.91%。     

原料对低铜电刷导电性能的影响

以电解铜粉和天然石墨的混合粉为原料,采用压制、烧结工艺制备电刷试样,研究电解铜粉松装密度和石墨粒度对低铜电刷导电性能的影响,并与以铜包石墨粉为原料制备的电刷进行对比.用SEM观察粉末和试样的形貌,用电碳制品电阻率测试仪测定试样的电阻率.结果表明:以混合粉为原料制备的电刷,当铜含量w(Cu)为30％时,随着电解铜粉松装密...     

注射成形纯钛脱粘和烧结工艺研究

粉末注射成形是制造复杂形状钛及钛合金零件的合适工艺。本文利用氢化脱氢（HDH）钛粉制备注射成形纯钛材料，研究了溶剂脱粘、热脱粘和真空烧结工艺对粘结剂脱除率、烧结显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：溶剂脱粘的适宜温度为50～60℃，4h后可以脱除97％以上的可溶性粘结剂；在随后的真空热脱粘过程中，在200-450℃高温阶段降低升温速率、延长保温时间，有利于脱除剩余聚合物粘结剂；真空烧结温度为1250℃时，烧结致密度可高达98％，但表层易形成硬质TiC相和微量TiO2相；在该温度下烧结1．5h，制品抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高到349MPa和6．4％，继续延长烧结时间会导致拉伸性能下降。     

由钽粉松装密度计算比电容的经验公式及其应用

一、前言本文提出了一个由钽粉松装密度和电性检验条件计算比电容的经验公式,并讨论了利用该公式预测钽粉比容、对比烧结温度和设计钽电容器阳极诸问题。公式可适用于各种工艺生产的不同比容范围的钽粉,其计算误差一般不超过10%。     

真空烧结条件对钽粉物理性能的影响

研究了不同的真空烧结条件对钠还原制备钽粉的比表面积、表面微观形貌的影响。通过拟合得到不同比表面积钽粉的初始烧结温度、比表面积随真空烧结温度变化的经验方程,以及钽粉经高温烧结后比表面积变化拟合关系式。当在初始烧结温度以下进行烧结时,粉末的比表面积、微观形貌没有较大变化,当烧结温度高于初始烧结温度时,粉末的比表面积随真空烧结温度增加而减少,而粉末形貌表现为细枝晶粗大化。     

粉末活化烧结制备高性能铁基合金

将机械球磨后的预合金粉分别与雾化铁粉及羰基铁粉混合,通过真空烧结法制备Fe-3Mo-3Cr-1.2V-0.5Mn-2C铁基粉末冶金材料,研究机械球磨活化预合金粉以及羰基铁粉的加入对材料显微组织结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:对预合金粉进行机械球磨活化有利于合金元素在雾化铁粉中的烧结扩散,可促进铁基粉末冶金材料的致密化;当采用高表面活性的羰基铁粉作为原料替代雾化铁粉时,能够使样品在低的烧结温度下获得更高的密度及力学性能。其中,在1120℃下烧结条件,铁基合金材料孔隙率较低,晶粒尺寸适中,样品密度为7.68 g/cm³,布氏硬度高达538,抗弯强度为1222 MPa。     

Solid state sintering and consolidation of Al powders and Al matrix composites

As an attempt to depart from conventional transient liquid phase sintering practice, solid state vacuum sintering was studied in loose powder and in hot quasi-isostatically forged samples composed of commercial inert gas atomized (CIGA) or high purity Al powder. The high purity Al powder was generated by a gas atomization reaction synthesis (GARS) technique that results in spherical powder with a far thinner surface oxide. After vacuum sintering at 525 °C for up to 100 h, SEM results showed that the GARS Al powder achieved significantly advanced sintering stages, compared to the CIGA Al powder. Tensile results from the forged samples also showed that although its ultimate tensile strength is lower, 95 vs. 147 MPa, the ductility of the GARS pure Al sample is higher than the CIGA Al sample. Forging also consolidated a model powder-based composite system composed of an Al matrix reinforced with quasi-crystalline Al–Cu–Fe powders, where the same powder synthesis methods were compared. Auger surface analysis detected evidence of increased matrix/reinforcement interfacial bonding in the composite sample made from GARS powder by alloy interdiffusion layer measurements, consistent with earlier tensile property measurements. The overall results indicated the significant potential of using Al powders produced with a thin, high purity surface oxide for simplifying current Al powder consolidation processing methods.     

Linear shrinkage of metal powder compacts during sintering

Summary The influence exerted by various factors (particle size, particle size distribution, ultrafine powder addition, sintering temperature, etc.) on the linear shrinkage ratio during sintering was examined. Electrolytic, atomized, and ultrafine copper powders, as well as electrolytic iron powder, were used.     

INFLUENCE OF TIN POWDER CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SINTERING OF IRON-TIN-COPPER POWDER COMPACTS

Abstract

In view of increasing industrial interest in the use of tin additions as an aid to the sintering of iron-based powder compacts, an examination has been made of the influence of the characteristics of the tin powder on sintering performance.

The effect of additions of narrow size-range fractions of atomized tin powder on the dimensional changes and tensile properties obtained on sintering Fe-Sn-Cu compacts made with –100 mesh (–152 μm) or – 300 mesh (– 53 μm) sponge iron and – 300 mesh (– 53 μm) atomized copper powders has been determined. The compacts contained tin and copper in the ratio 2:3. The narrow size fractions were separated from – 300 mesh tin powder by air elutriation. It was found that the use of coarse tin powder reduced the tensile strength of – 300 mesh iron-based Fe–1% Sn–1 ½% Cu compacts, but had no influence when this mixture was based on –100 mesh iron powder, or when the mixture composition was Fe–2% Sn–3% Cu. The effects have been examined in relation to the sintering mechanism by scanning electron microscopy and by X-ray microanalysis.     

OBSERVATIONS ON THE SINTERING OF COMPACTSFROM A MIXTURE OF IRON AND COPPER POWDERS

Abstract

Three grades of iron powder-an atomized steel powder, a sponge iron powder reduced from magnetite with carbon, and a powder reduced from mill scale with hydrogen were mixed with 3% of copper powder and pressed into compacts. The diametral dimensional changes of the compacts during sintering below and above the melting point of copper were measured, their microstructures examined, and both related to the characteristics of the powders, particularly their specific surface. During sintering below the melting point of copper, compacts of all three powders shrank. Micrographic examination showed that the copper is transported by solid-state diffusion along the surfacesand grain boundaries of the iron powder particles. During sintering above the melting point of copper, compacts of the atomized and the MH-100 sponge iron powders grew while those of the hydrogen reduced mill-scale powder shrank. This phenomenon is related to the different mode of penetration of liquid copper in the compacts from the three powders, observed in the microstructures of the compacts.     

水雾化奥氏体不锈钢粉末烧结时的表面反应

研究了水雾化奥氏体不锈钢粉末在烧结时的表面反应。研究发现,颗粒表面和孔隙表面的反应受烧结温度强烈影响,材料的力学性能与反应产物及其形态和分布有关。     

Particle bonding,annealing response,and mechanical properties of dynamically consolidated type 304 stainless steel powders

The nature of interparticle bonding in explosively consolidated, centrifugally atomized (CA), and vacuum gas-atomized (VGA) Type 304 stainless steel powders has been examined. Stress waves with sufficient amplitude to produce full density do not necessarily produce metallurgical bonds between particles; the local strain and strain rate are found to determine the degree of local heating and, in turn, the degree of particle fusion. Particle interaction is found to be limited to nearest neighbors. The as-consolidated CA material has approximately twice the ultimate tensile strength of mill-annealed wrought Type 304 stainless steel. Consolidated CA powder has a higher defect density than VGA powder consolidated under the same conditions; however, the VGA material recrystallizes at a lower temperature due to a lower concentration of carbides. Annealing explosively consolidated material produced from either powder results in sintering, improved particle bonding, and greater ductility.     

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN RAW MATERIALS,PREPARATION CONDITIONS,AND PROPERTIES OF SINTERED IRON

Abstract

Three plain iron powders of different types (sponge-iron, atomized and electrolytic iron powder) were studied with respect to their sintering behaviour and to the influence of manufacturing parameters—i.e., compacting pressure, sintering temperature, and sintering atmosphere—on the microstructure and the properties of sintered compacts. The changes of length, electric conductivity, and strength during sintering are explained in physical and chemical terms. Technical sintering diagrams are presented. The influence of sintering atmospheres on the mechanical properties of sintered compacts is shown for the three types of powder. The correlation between pore structure and strength is discussed; analytical relationships are developed which are in agreement with the experimental results.