The "superstition" experiment: A reversible figure.

Presents an examination and discussion of Skinner's (1948) article "'Superstition' in the pigeon" (see record 1948-04299-001). The paper's influence on subsequent research, as well as certain shortcomings in it that have become apparent over time are considered. A reprint of the original article follows. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An emerging consensus on school psychology's future.

Describes School Psychology: A Blueprint for Training and Practice (National School Psychology Inservice Training Network, 1984) as a conceptual statement around which a consensus for action in school psychology can be built. It is argued that systemic change in the categorical program structure is essential to bring about better services for children and to effect change in the way school psychologists practice. Implications of revised definitions of school psychology for the future of school psychology are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Day After: A preliminary report on its effects on children.

Contends, on the basis of the findings of J. Schofield and M. Pavelchak (see record 1986-11372-001), that the TV movie, The Day After, was a salient emotional stimulus and that developmental differences in self-reported nuclear war fears should be expected. Preliminary data collected by the present authors, using 126 2nd–6th graders, suggest that Ss' fears were both reactive to environmental events and developmentally mediated. (11 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Blueprint for Training and Practice: A contemporary design for school psychology.

Suggests that School Psychology: A Blueprint for Training and Practice (National School Psychology Inservice Training Network, 1984) and School Psychology: The State of the Art by the 2nd author (1984) are not finished products; detailed designs—the specifications for building contemporary models of practice and training—need to be charted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Engineering new designs for school psychological service delivery: A commentary on School Psychology: A Blueprint for Training and Practice..

Responds to School Psychology: A Blueprint for Training and Practice (National School Psychology Inservice Training Network, 1984) by asserting that when making plans that further the application of psychology to the educational process and to the development of new designs for service delivery, more attention should be given to theoretical and empirical knowledge for school psychological practice, the necessary linkages between knowledge and practice, as well as specific implications for education and training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A re-reading of Studies on Hysteria: the Freud-Breuer break revisited.

Argues that the commonly accepted view that J. Breuer and Freud ended their relationship simply because the former objected to the latter's claim as to the sexual etiology of the psychoneuroses is a myth (propounded by Freud and E. Jones) that masked an ongoing polemic in Studies on Hysteria. Breuer objected to Freud's claim that symbolic processes unconsciously determine symptoms. What disturbed both Freud and Breuer was Freud's vision of an interpenetration of intelligence and sexuality operating according to the laws of language completely out of the ego's awareness. The unconscious link between sexuality and intellection remains as problematic today. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fancher on Gould, Goddard, and historical interpretation: A reply.

Contends that R. E. Fancher's (see record 1988-31600-001) evidence concerning intentions behind retouching of photographs of the Kallikaks in H. H. Goddard's (1912) study of mental retardation and heredity fall far short of challenging S. J. Gould's (1981) findings on the same topic. Further, Fancher's citation may misrepresent J. D. Smith's (1985) work on Goddard. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The development of schemes for recognizing additive and alternative effects in a "natural experiment" context.

20 Ss at each of 4 age levels (4th, 6th, and 8th grade and college) were presented a "natural experiment" problem situation in which they were asked to interpret the more complex situations in which (a) either of 2 alternative variables is sufficient to produce an outcome, or (b) 2 variables are additive in their effect on an outcome. Not until adolescence could Ss isolate alternative or additive causes in a multivariable situation, though it is speculated they may comprehend the concept of alternative causes well before this age. Only 65% of college Ss exhibited correct reasoning in one or both situations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Two types of delinquents and their institutional adjustment.

Tested a typology classifying 326 incarcerated delinquent boys as buoyant or beset, depending on their level of anxiety and depression at intake. Findings reveal that the two types of boys differed in some aspects of life history and personality, that the buoyant type adjusted better to the institution's group-oriented treatment program, and that buoyant and beset boys responded differentially to some components of the treatment. Implications are drawn regarding the usefulness of the typology for guiding differential treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Publishing opinions: A note on the usefulness of commentaries.

Citation rates for 21 commentaries, the original articles, and the replies that were published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General between 1975 and 1980 were obtained and compared with citation rates for control articles, which were those that immediately preceded the original articles in the journal. It is concluded that although the commentaries were lengthy, they had little discernible effect on the subsequent literature. There was a significantly higher citation frequency for the original article compared to controls. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Racial/ethnic minority research in the Journal of Counseling Psychology: A content analysis and methodological critique.

A content analysis was conducted of all racial/ethnic minority-focused research appearing in the Journal of Counseling Psychology over the 11-year period from 1976 to 1986. During this period 934 articles and brief reports were published, of which 53 (5.7%) had a racial/ethnic minority focus. The 53 articles were systematically reviewed for their sample characteristics and methodological considerations. The sample characteristics that were examined included ethnic groups studied, general populations sampled, and geographic breakdown of samples used. Methodological design characteristics that were investigated included general research designs incorporated, examination of within-group differences, outcome measures used, cultural sensitivity of instrumentation, acknowledgment of sample generalizability limits, and presence of conceptual or theoretical frameworks in developing research hypotheses. Data accumulated in the report were used as a base within which to examine major research methodology criticisms that have consistently appeared in recent ethnic minority literature. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)