共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The neutral and polar lipid composition ofEntomophthora coronata was determined qualitatively. The fungus was grown on a chemically nondefined medium (Sabouraud dextrose yeast extract) and
a chemically defined medium for a period up to 26 days. The lipids were characterized by thin-layer, column, gas chromatography,
and selective sprays,32P-labeling, and mass spectrometry. The neutral lipids consist of monoglycerides, diglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acids,
triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters. The polar lipids consist of phospholipids (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl
choline, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, lysophosphatidyl choline, and spingomyelin), a number of glycolipids including cerebrosides,
and many unrecognizable lipids, most of which are present in trace amounts. The cerebrosides and spingomyelin are present
in significant amounts, and their concentration increased with age of the culture. The major fatty acids (>10%) of the total,
neutral, and polar lipids of the mycelia are 14∶0, 16∶0, 18∶1, 18∶3(γ), and 24∶1. The polar lipids of total culture (unsaturation
index 0.88) and of the conidia (unsaturation index 1.48) are considerably more unsaturated than the corresponding neutral
lipids (unsaturated index 0.50 and 0.49). The mycelial polar lipids, compared to the neutral lipids, possess less 14∶0 and
18∶1 but contain a greater percentage of 16∶0, 18∶2, 18∶3(γ), 24∶0, and 24∶1. The major fatty acid of the conidia (>10%) are
13∶0, 14∶0, 18∶1, 18∶2, 18∶3(γ), and 20∶4. Their polar lipids have a higher proportion of 18∶2, 18∶3(γ), and 20∶4. The cerebrosides
possess 24.1 in high relative proportion (30.1%).
Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Atlantic City, October 1971. 相似文献
2.
The lipid composition of beef and human pituitary was determined by chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Beef pituitary
lipid contained about 25% nonpolar lipids and 75% phospholipids whereas nonpolar lipids made up approximately 60% of the total
in human pituitaries. The main nonpolar (i.e., low polarity) lipids in human pituitary were triglycerides, cholesterol, free
fatty acids and an unidentified component in the triglyceride fraction. Cholesterol was the major nonpolar lipid component
in freshly collected beef anterior and posterior pituitary, but the amount of free fatty acids appeared to increase during
storage. Preliminary investigation of the unknown nonpolar lipid in human pituitaries suggested that it was an unsaturated
hydroxy compound with no carbonyl functions. Thin layer chromatography indicated that it was also present in smaller amounts
in freshly collected beef pituitaries. The main phospholipids of beef anterior, posterior and human pituitary were phosphatidyl
ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl serine and sphingomyelin. The fatty acid composition
of total nonpolar lipids, free fatty acids, total phospholipids, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline of beef
anterior and posterior pituitary was determined by gas liquid chromatography. Mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty
acids ranging from C12 to C22 were present; the main fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic. 相似文献
3.
Lipid composition of normal and hypertrophic bovine thyroids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The phospholipid content of bovine thyroid tissue amounts to 70% of total lipid. Triglycerides and cholesterol are the main neutral lipids. Only trace amounts of free fatty acid and esterified cholesterol are found, while two not yet identified components also are present. The distribution of lipid phosphorus in the different phospholipid classes is as follows: phosphatidyl choline, 43.0%; phosphatidyl ethanolamine, 25.2%; phosphatidyl serine, 5.6%; phosphatidyl inositol, 6.5%; sphingomyelin, 14.0%; cardiolipin, 2.8%; lysophosphatidyl choline, <1%; and phosphatidic acid, <1%. The phosphatidyl ethanolamines are rich in plasmalogens. The fatty acid patterns in the different lipid classes are reported. The essential differences between normal and hypertrophic bovine thyroid tissue are higher water content and lower triglyceride and sphingomyelin values for hypertrophic tissue. 相似文献
4.
Mature seeds ofBrassica campestris var. yellow sarson were extracted with hexane to yield free lipid. The residue then was extracted with chloroform-methanol to release bound lipid. Free and bound lipids were separated into polar and nonpolar fractions chromatographically. The nonpolar fraction of both free and bound lipid consisted mainly of triglycerides with small amounts of steryl esters, free sterols, mono- and di-glycerides, and free fatty acids. The principal components of polar bound lipid were phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol, and steryl glycoside. In the free polar lipid, there was more phosphatidyl inositol and less phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Erucic acid content was much greater in the nonpolar fractions and in the polar free lipid than in the polar bound lipid. 相似文献
5.
The separation of individual classes of phospholipids by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of
lysophosphatides (monoacyl glycerophosphoryl compounds) in minor quantities in butter serum. The naturally occurring lysophosphatidyl
ethanolamine (LPE) and lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) were prepared by the combined use of a diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose
column and thin layer chromatography. Gas chromatographic analysis of methyl esters of LPE and LPC showed that both lysophosphatides
contained, in addition to saturated fattya cids, considerable quantities of unsaturated fatty acids. A comparison of the fatty
acid pattern of naturally occurring LPE and LPC with that of LPE and LPC prepared by phospholipase A hydrolysis of phosphatidyl
ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl choline (PC) suggested that both the 1-and 2-forms of positional isomers were present.
Hydrolysis of naturally occurring LPE and LPC with phospholipase C, and separation of the monoglycerides formed, confirmed
the occurrence of two positional isomers of lysophosphatides. 相似文献
6.
Phospholipids extracted from normal human serum were fractionated into lecithin, lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl
ethanolamine, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl inositol. Identification of each was established
by thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectrophotometry. The content of plasmalogen was determined in both lecithin and
phosphatidyl ethanolamine fractions. The composition of fatty acids and fatty aldehydes in isolated phospholipids is presented.
The degree of unsaturation as reflected in the average content of double bonds per molecule of the fatty acids in phospholipids
was: lecithin 1.2, choline plasmalogen 2.1, lysolecithin 0.6, sphingomyelin 0.2, phosphatidyl ethanolamine 2.8, lysophosphatidyl
ethanolamine 1.0, phosphatidyl serine 1.0, and phosphatidyl inositol 1.8. Both chlline and ethanolamine plasmalogen aldehydes
were predominantly saturated. Molecular weight of each phospholipid was calculated from determined fatty acid and fatty aldehyde
compositions; the phosphorus factor for each phospholipid was computed. On a weight percent basis, lecithin, sphingomyelin,
and lysolecithin accounted for 95% of the total phospholipids. The ethanolamine-containing phospholipids accounted for 2.5%,
and the remainder was divided among phosphatidyl inositol, choline plasmalogen and phosphatidyl serine.
Presented in part at the AOCS Meeting, Houston, April, 1965.
Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, USPHS. 相似文献
7.
V. S. Kamanna N. Chandrasekhara 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1986,88(4):136-139
Neutral, glyco- and phospholipids of garlic were resolved into their component fractions by thin layer chromatography. Neutral lipids contained considerable quantities of monoglycerides (18.5%), diglycerides (14.2%), sterols (16.3%) and triglycerides (41.5%) respectively. The phospholipid fraction was rich in phosphatidyl choline (23.5%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (17.9%), lysophosphatidyl choline (11.8%) and lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (8.2%). Digalactosyl diglyceride (10.1%), sterol glycoside (15.6%), cerebrosides (8.1%), acylsterol glycoside (38.6%) and monogalactosyl diglyceride (22.5%) were the major components of the glycolipids of garlic. Lauric, myristic, palmitic and linoleic acids constituted the major fatty acids of monoglycerides, diglycerides and free fatty acid fractions whereas palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids were the major fatty acids of triglycerides. Palmitic and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids of garlic phospholipids. Except the acylsterol glycoside fraction glycolipids were rich in lauric, palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids; palmitic acid was the only major fatty acid of acylsterol glycosides. 相似文献
8.
The lipid components of four strains ofAgricus bisporus (Lange) Sing., the cultivated mushroom, were analyzed. Both sporophore and mycelial samples were obtained from beds in normal
production. A method for obtaining mycelium free of compost was developed. Neutral lipids were separated from polar lipids
by silicic acid column chromatography. Each fraction was separated by thin layer chromatography. Fatty acid methyl esters
were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Sporophore extracts contained free sterol, free fatty acid,
triglycerides, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. High amounts of linoleic acid were found in both neutral
and polar lipid fractions. Mycelial extracts contained free fatty acids, triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl
ethanolamine. No free sterol could be detected. Linoleic acid was also present in large amounts.
Paper 3798 in the Journal Series of The Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
9.
Metabolism of 1-14C linolenic acid was studied in growing animals by injecting the tracer intraperitoneally into 12–13 day old suckling rats and following up the results by sacrificing groups of animals at 8 hr, 48 hr, 15 day, and 45 day intervals. In the first 15 days, there was a greater decrease in radioactivity of brain total lipids compared to the later period, although the earlier age period is characterized by lipid deposition rather than breakdown. Since the 18∶3 ω3 family of fatty acids occurs largely in the brain total phosphatidyl ethanolamine fraction, we expected that, in the initial period, total phosphatidyl ethanolamine would be the most highly radioactive component. However, results showed that 8 hr after the tracer phosphatidyl choline had the highest specific radioactivity. When the total phosphatidyl ethanolamine fraction was resolved into diacyl and alk-1-enyl species, it was found that radioactivity was not distributed evenly between the two species. There was a progressive increase in radioactivity of the alkenyl and a decrease in the diacyl species. Forty-eight hr after the tracer, however, the radioactivity of phosphatidyl ethanolamine increased and at 45 days remained slightly higher than phosphatidyl choline. Radioactivity of cholesterol, a result of synthesis from acetate undoubtedly derived from the breakdown of tracer linolenate, was also high 48 hr after tracer and remained high until 45 days. 相似文献
10.
Soybean slices incubated with [1-14C] acetate in the presence of air synthesized fatty acids to a greater extent than did slices in the absence of air. The proportion
of radioactive fatty acids incorporated into the neutral lipid was ca. 35% in the presence or absence of air. However, both
the proportion and the absolute amount of radioactive fatty acids in phospholipids were greater in the presence of air. This
difference was particularly great in phosphatidic acid and in a minor uncharacterized phospholipid component. Significant
incorporation of acetate into monoenoic acids was observed in these two lipids and in phosphatidyl choline. The latter also
showed an accumulation of newly synthesized polyenoic acids when air was present. Stearic acid synthesis was greater under
aerobic than under anaerobic conditions. The present results support the concept that a relationship exists between the synthesis
of unsaturated fatty acids and their incorporation into phospholipids in plants. 相似文献
11.
M. Y. Raie I. Ahmad M. A. Javed A. Waheed 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1995,97(12):455-457
The seed oil of Pimpinella acuminata species of the family Umbelli-ferae was extracted with chloroform : methanol (2:1) for the separation of different classes of lipids as hydrocarbons (1.7%), sterol esters (traces), triglycerides (74.1%), free fatty acids (6.6%), 1,3-diglycerides (1.6%), 1,2-diglycerides (1.6%), sterols (1.8%), mono-glycerides (2.0%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (0.8%), phosphatidyl choline (1.2 %), lyso phosphatidyl ethanolamine (0.4%), phosphatidyl inositol (1.2%) and unknown (7.0%). The fatty acids as determined by application of gas liquid chromatography is C10-C22, whereas C16:0, C18:0-C18:2 and C18:2 are predominantly present in all polar and non-polar lipid classes. 相似文献
12.
The phospholipids of the snailCepaea nemoralis, comprising the major lipid fraction (65%) in this terrestrial pulmonate, were investigated by thin-layer and column chromatography.
Detailed gas chromatographic analyses of liberated fatty acid fractions and amino acid analyses of the water soluble moieties
of isolated phospholipid classes were carried out. Phosphatidyl choline (47%) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (21%) were found
to be the predominant phospholipid classes, while phosphatidyl serine (8%), phosphatidyl inositol (6%), diphosphatidyl glycerol
(3%), ceramide amino-ethylphosphonate (7%), lysophosphatidyl choline (1%), and phosphatidic acid (1%) were present in lesser
amounts. In the phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine fractions, minor quantities of plasmalogen analogues were
detected. Fatty acid profiles of the various phospholipid classes appeared to be strikingly diverse, e.g. a characteristic
component, such as linoleic (18∶2ω6) acid, ranging from 3–54%. In vivo radioisotope studies using 1-14C-acetate demonstrated the high biosynthetic rate of all phospholipid classes and their respective fatty acid fractions. Results
are discussed in relation to data on the phospholipids from other invertebrate species. 相似文献
13.
Suspension cultures of cocoa bean tissue readily incorporated exogenous acetate into lipids. The distribution of radioactivity
from acetate in individual lipid classes after 48 hr was 20, 5, 1, 15, 25, and 35% in triglycerides, diglycerides, free fatty
acids, sterol esters, sterols and polar lipids, respectively. The labeled acetate was rapidly incorporated into various fatty
acids within 2 hr. The [1-14C] saturated fatty acids declined slightly after 4 hr, whereas [1-14C] oleate declined significantly after 2 hr. There was a concomitant increase in [1-14C] linoleate. The radioactivity associated with linolenate was relatively high up to 4 hr, declined by 24 hr, and then increased
again. The kinetics of fatty acid labeling suggested that biosynthesis of linolenic acid in cocoa bean suspension culture
may occur via the desaturation of linoleic acid and the chain elongation of dodecatrienoic acid. The patterns of fatty acid
radiolabeling following incubation of cells with [1-14C] laurate was consistent with this mechanism. 相似文献
14.
Total lipids from whole pig adrenal glands as well as from their mitochondria, microsomes, liposomes, and cell sap were extracted and fractionated first into neutral lipids and phospholipids. The highest percentage of neutral lipids was found in the cell sap, and the lowest in the microsomal fraction. Neutral lipids were subfractionated into cholesteryl esters, free cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids. Cholesteryl esters were distributed throughout the liposomes. Free fatty acids represented a substantial part of cell sap lipids, but were present also in the mitochondria, microsomes, and liposomes. Fatty acids of all fractions were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Free fatty acids and cholesteryl ester fatty acids from all cellular fractions were similar in composition and were characterized by considerable quantities of linoleic and arachidonic acid. Triglycerides were characterized by an increased percentage of palmitic and a low content of arachidonic acid. Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, diphosphatidyl glycerol, and sphingomyelin plus phosphatidyl inositol were isolated from the lipids by preparative thin layer chromatography, and their fatty acids analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine from mitochondria, microsomes, and cell sap were very similar in respect of their fatty acid composition. Sphingomyelin plus phosphatidyl inositol was characterized by a high content of C22:2omega6. Diphosphatidyl glycerol was present in mitochondria and in the cell sap. 相似文献
15.
W. T. Roubal 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1967,44(5):325-327
Light flesh lipids of Pacific cod, composed chiefly of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline, contain fatty acids
rich in unsaturation. In model systems free of pro-oxidant the ethanolamine derivative exhibited a high rate of oxidation.
Phosphatidyl choline, on the other hand, required an added pro-oxidant.
Cod porphyrins exhibited pro-oxidant effects not unlike those observed in other biological systems involving catalyzed lipid
oxidation.
Neutral lipids exhibited very low rates of oxidation. 相似文献
16.
Lipid composition and endogenous respiration of pig heart mitochondria were studied in parallel, since the level of endogenous
respiration affects the oxidation of added substrates and therefore the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation; mitochondrial
lipids can interfere either as substrates or as partner in the energy conservation mechanism. O2 uptake kinetics were measured in presence of different additives: ATP, ADP, NAD+ and hexokinase + glucose. The lipid composition of pig heart mitochondria was determined by chromatographic and spectrophotometric
methods. Total lipids were 90% phospholipids; the main phosphatides were cardiolipin, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl
ethanolamine; the two latter were rich in plasmalogens. The main nonpolar lipids were triglycerides and free fatty acids.
The fatty acid composition of total lipids, phospholipids, free fatty acids and triglycerides was determined by gas liquid
chromatography. Mitochondrial lipids were characterized by a high content of unsaturation.
Part of this work is included in “Thèse de Doctorat de Spècialitè en Biochimie” de J. Comte, Lyon, June 26, 1970. 相似文献
17.
Miriam D. Rosenthal 《Lipids》1981,16(3):173-182
The accumulation of neutral lipids by human skin fibroblasts grown in medium supplemented with fatty acids has been investigated.
GM-10 cells incorporated exogenous fatty acids into both phospholipids and neutral lipids. More [14C] oleate, linoleate, or linolenate was incorporated into triacylglycerol than was [14C] palmitate or stearate. Supplementation of medium containing delipidized serum with unsaturated fatty acids resulted in
far more stimulation of [14C] glycerol incorporation into triacylglycerol than did supplementation with saturated fatty acids. Palmitate- and stearate-fed
cells incorporated sizable amounts of [14C] fatty acids and [14C] glycerol into diacylglycerol as well as triacylglycerol, especially at higher fatty acid concentrations. Increased oleate
supplementation from 10–300 μM resulted in increased triacylglycerol synthesis and accumulation of discrete cytoplasmic lipid
droplets; palmitate concentrations above 70 μm were toxic. Micrographs of the palmitate-fed cells showed electron translucent
slits, suggesting solid depositions of saturated fat, rather than the discrete osmiophilic droplets found in oleate-fed cells.
Although GM-10 cells can synthesize fully saturated triacylglycerols, these data suggest that in cells fed saturated fatty
acids, solid depositions of neutral lipids may sequester diacylglycerols and thus limit triacylglycerol synthesis. 相似文献
18.
Endometria from nonpregnant and 6-day pregnant rabbits and from humans in the proliferative and secretory phases were incubated
with 1-14C-acetate.14CO2 was collected, and subsequently the amounts, specific radioactivities, and in some cases the fatty acid compositions of the
isolated phospholipids were determined. Phosphatidyl choline was the phospholipid present in highest amount in endometria
from both nonpregnant and pregnant rabbits, and in human endometria; this phospholipid also showed the highest degree of incorporation
of14C-acetate. Pregnancy in the rabbit seemed to decrease the incorporation of14C-acetate into most of the endometrial phospholipid classes. In humans, the incorporation of acetate into phosphatidyl choline
and phosphatidyl ethanolamine was lower in the secretory than the proliferative endometria.
Of the fatty acids, linoleic acid in phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine of the rabbit endometria showed a
significant relative increase during pregnancy and palmitoleic acid showed a decrease.
This investigation was supported by a grant from the Ford Foundation. 相似文献
19.
U. Persmark 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1968,45(11):742-743
Commercial rapeseed lecithin has been analyzed after separation by silicic acid column chromatography. Besides neutral oil
(40%), four major constituents have been found, viz., phosphatidyl ethanolamine (18%), phosphatidyl inositol (8%), phosphatidyl
choline (16%) and sterol glycosides (8%). Among the minor fractions lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine accounts for about 2%. The
phosphatides are characterized by low erucic acid content and the major fatty acids are palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. 相似文献
20.
The lipids ofNeurospora crassa, isolated in pure form from freeze-dried mycelium, were found to contain squalene, sterol esters, triglycerides, free fatty
acids, geranylgeraniol, free sterols, carotenoids, cardiolipin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl
serine, and phosphatidic acid. The above compounds were isolated in pure form by column and thin layer chromatography and
were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and chromatographic mobilities. Fatty acid moieties were characterized by gas
liquid chromatographic retention times of their methyl esters relative to those of authentic standards. The fatty acid composition
of the triglycerides was found to be similar to that of phosphatidic acid, cardiolipin, and lecithin. 相似文献