墨江蜈蚣与少棘蜈蚣的比较研究：I.化学组成

本文对墨江蜈蚣（Scolopendra mojiangica Zhang et Chi）与少棘蜈蚣（Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L.Koch）的水分、灼烧残渣、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、微量元素和挥发性脂肪酸的含量进行了系统的测定并比较了两者间的异同性。实验结果表明：墨江蜈蚣的蛋白质、灼烧残渣、水分的含量分别为67.2%、3.95%和3.59%,而少棘蜈蚣分别为68.8%、4.80%和3.65%,它们的含量基本相同。游离氨基酸、挥发性脂肪酸和微量元素的相对含量也很接近,但脂类和总糖的含量差异较大。     

墨江蜈蚣与少棘蜈蚣的比较研究──Ⅰ．化学组成

本文对墨江蜈蚣（ＳｃｏｌｏｐｅｎｄｒａｍｏｊａｎｇｉｃａＺｈａｎｇｅｔＣｈｉ）与少棘蜈蚣（ＳｃｏｔｏｐｅｎｄｒａｓｕｂｓｐｉｎｉｐｅｓｍｕｔｉｌａｎｓＬ．Ｋｏｃｈ）的水分、灼烧残渣、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、微量元素和挥发性脂肪酸的含量进行了系统的测定并比较了两者间的异同性。实验结果表明：墨江蜈蚣的蛋白质、灼烧残渣、水分的含量分别为６７．２％、３．９５％和３．５９％，而少棘蜈蚣分别为６８．８％、４．８０％和３．６５％，它们的含量基本相同。游离氨基酸、挥发性脂肪酸和微量元素的相对含量也很接近，但脂类和总糖的含量差异较大。     

少棘巨蜈蚣的化学组成

在我国蜈蚣作为药用已有数百年历史,在《本草纲目》等古代及现代医药书籍中多有描述。     

中国少棘蜈蚣（Scolopendra subspinipes mutillans）的毒腺结构

用免疫组化和光镜、透射电镜等观察了中国少棘蜈蚣毒腺的结构。结果显示,纵贯颚肢的弯月形毒腺为单管泡状腺,主要由柱状分泌细胞和介于其间的纤细表皮细胞组成。被肌肉束环绕的分泌细胞辐射状排列于几丁质的毒液导管外,其纤细的颈部由环状括约肌控制,分泌端以折叠回转的单向瓣膜经导管壁上的孔道直接伸入管腔,膨大的盲端直达毒腺底膜。高电子密度的分泌溶酶体向分泌口汇集时电子密度逐渐降低并降解为分泌小泡,其中的杆状结晶样毒蛋白也经无定型状态逐渐分散,经胞吐作用进入管腔并进一步疏散和均质化。免疫组化显示,分泌细胞颈部密集的分泌颗粒的主要成分为毒蛋白,毒蛋白在分泌细胞中呈明显的向心式梯度增强型分布。根据上述观察,提出了蜈蚣毒液以分泌溶酶体介导的非经典途径分泌的观点。     

中国蜈蚣衣科(子囊菌门)IV. 黑蜈蚣衣属一新种

本文描述黑蜈蚣衣属一新种即湖南黑蜈蚣衣(Phaeophyscia hunana)。新种以其短而窄的裂片,上表面疣状和具小裂片,以及红色髓层并含有skyrin和一未知地衣物质而区别于本属地衣其它种。     

中国盲蜈蚣属(蜈蚣目,盲蜈蚣科,盲蜈蚣亚科)分类研究及一新种和一新纪录种记述

对中国盲蜈蚣科Cryptopidae盲蜈蚣属Cryptops Leach,1815进行了分类整理,记述了 1新种:宋氏盲蜈蚣Cryptops songi sp.nov.和1新纪习种:多氏盲蜈蚣Cryptops dorize Pocock,1891,提供了该属中国种类检索表.模式标本保存于河北大学生命科学学院.     

灰树花菌丝体多糖G.F.-2理化性质及生物活性的研究

对灰树花菌丝体多糖G.F.-2的理化性质及生物活性进行了研究,结果表明G.F.-2是一种均一性好、分子量为7.24×105的大分子纯多糖,其单糖组成的摩尔比为Xyl∶Man:GaL∶Glc=0.7:1.0:1.5:4.3;G.F.-2由β-D-葡聚糖单元以糖苷键连接而成,主链以β-1,3和β-1,4为主,分枝点主要发生在C6位,形成β-1,6糖苷键;同时,该多糖具有清除氧自由基,显著促进小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的生物活性功能。     

黑蜈蚣叶属(蜈蚣衣科)地衣一新种

该文基于形态学、解剖学、化学及分子系统学的方法,对采自中国泰山的黑蜈蚣叶属地衣进行了分类学研究,发现了1新种,即泰山黑蜈蚣叶(Phaeophyscia taishanensis)。该新种的主要特征为地衣体上表面末端具稀疏的皮层毛;髓层白色;下表面黑色,裂片末端处呈灰白色或浅褐色;盘托上部偶有白色或浅色的皮层毛,常常稀疏可数;子囊孢子褐色,厚壁,Physcia型,孢子大小为(18.0～20.5)μm×(9.0～10.0)μm。该文还基于表型特征讨论了新种与相似种的异同,并基于分子数据以ITS序列构建最大似然系统发育树且进行了序列分析,同时提供了详细的形态学描述及特征图片。该新种的发现为蜈蚣衣科地衣生物多样性研究积累了基础资料。     

灰树花菌丝体多糖G.F.-2理化性质及生物活性的研究*

对灰树花菌丝体多糖G.F.-2的理化性质及生物活性进行了研究,结果表明G.F.-2是一种均一性好、分子量为7.24×105的大分子纯多糖,其单糖组成的摩尔比为Xyl∶Man:GaL∶Glc=0.7:1.0:1.5:4.3;G.F.-2由β-D-葡聚糖单元以糖苷键连接而成,主链以β-1,3和β-1,4为主,分枝点主要发生在C6位,形成β-1,6糖苷键;同时,该多糖具有清除氧自由基,显著促进小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的生物活性功能。     

蜈蚣碱性蛋白SSmp-d的分离纯化及其部分理化性质的鉴定

少棘巨蜈蚣（ＳｃｏｌｏｐｅｎｄｒａｓｕｂｓｐｉｎｉｐｅｓｍｕｔｉｌａｎｓＬ．Ｋｏｃｈ）经９５％乙醇脱脂后,再经４℃水冷渗,水提液低温旋转浓缩,冻干,得到的冻干粉先后经过ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２５柱,等电聚焦制备电泳,再经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０柱,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱,最后经ＨＰＬＣ制备得到一个纯的碱性蛋白,命名为ＳＳｍｐ－ｄ．该蛋白经ＨＰＬＣ、超薄等电聚焦电泳检验是均一的．采用ＨＰＬＣ和Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ－ＰａｋＴＭ１２５柱测定其分子量为２４．６４ｋＤ．ＩＥＦ－ＨＰＣＥ显示其等电点为９．２７．氨基酸分析表明ＳＳｍｐ－ｄ含较多的Ａｒｇ、Ｌｙｓ等碱性氨基酸,另外还含有较多的Ａｌａ、Ｌｅｕ．使用蛋白质自动序列分析仪测定了ＳＳｍｐ－ｄＮ端的１１个氨基酸,序列为ＮＨ３＋－Ａｓｐ－Ｖａｌ－Ａｓｎ－Ｐｈｅ－Ａｒｇ－Ｌｅｕ－Ｓｅｒ－Ｇｌｙ－Ａｌａ－Ａｓｐ－Ｐｒｏ．     

Centipede (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans) venom toxin peptide exhibits cytotoxic and cell growth effects in a concentration-dependent manner

Centipede venom contains a variety of proteins, peptides, and enzymes. However, the biological actions of toxin peptides in centipede venom remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified a centipede (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans) venom toxin peptide (SsmTP) that was shown to act as a cell growth factor at low concentrations-in vitro. SsmTP was found to consist of 66 amino acids that display seven cysteine residues, which exhibited high similarity to the predicted neurotoxin. SsmTP was expressed in the venom gland of S. s. mutilans. A recombinant SsmTP peptide of approximately 5.2 kDa was produced in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Interestingly, SsmTP exhibited cytotoxicity in murine cells in a concentration-dependent manner but displayed a cell growth effect at low concentrations. SsmTP at a low concentration also protected murine cells against oxidative damage through the inhibition of caspase-1 and apoptosis. Our data indicate that SsmTP acts as a cell growth factor and a toxin peptide in a concentration-dependent manner. Consequently, our results provide evidence that the identification of SsmTP, a centipede toxin peptide, may not only elucidate the biological action of toxin peptides but also offer additional insight into the pharmacological applications of centipede venoms.     

沙蜇(Stomolophus meleagris)刺丝囊毒素生物活性的初步分析

从沙蜇触手提取刺丝囊细胞毒素,并对该毒素进行溶血活性、致死活性、SOD活性和抗肿瘤活性的研究。结果显示,沙蜇毒素具有明显的溶血活性,其半溶血率(HU50)约为10.5μg/ml;该毒素还对草鱼显示出较强的致死活性,半致死量(LD50)为50μg毒素/g鱼;同时该毒素具有明显的SOD活性和抗肿瘤活性,当毒素浓度为18μg/ml时其总SOD活性为161 U/mg,而毒素浓度为1 mg/ml时,该毒素对肝癌细胞Bel-7402表现出显著的抑制效果,其抑制率达到54.9%。因此,有必要对沙蜇毒素内的生物活性组分进行深入研究,为沙蜇毒素的开发利用提供依据。     

咖啡化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

咖啡为茜草科(Rubiaceae)咖啡属(Coffea)植物,位居世界三大饮品之首,具有降低血糖、保护肝脏和神经保护等作用.咖啡化学成分类别较多,包括生物碱、酚酸类、黄酮类、萜类等.咖啡中的化学成分是发挥其生物学功能和形成特色风味的基础,对其化学成分来源和生物活性进行综述,为进一步发展咖啡产业提供依据和理论支撑.     

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil of Athanasia brownii Hochr. (Asteraceae) Endemic to Madagascar

The essential oil obtained from hydrodistillation of flowering aerial parts of Athanasia brownii (Asteraceae) was studied for its chemical composition by GC/FID and GC/MS, and for biological activity, namely, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and chemopreventive potential, by DPPH (=2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (=2,2′‐azinobis[3‐ethylbenzothioline‐6‐sulfonic acid), and FRAP (=ferric reducing antioxidant power), disk diffusion test, and MTT (=3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, respectively. The oil was characterized by a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (71.2%), with selin‐11‐en‐4α‐ol (24.6%), caryophyllene oxide (8.7%), humulene epoxide II (5.1%), and (E)‐nerolidol (4.9%) as the predominant compounds. The oil showed a moderate activity against streptococci as well as radical‐scavenging potential, while the inhibitory effects against human cancer cells examined such as A375 (malignant melanoma) and HCT 116 (colon carcinoma) were significant, with IC₅₀ values of 19.85 and 29.53 μg/ml, respectively.     

白木香的化学成分与生物活性研究进展

白木香(Aquilaria sinensis)的化学成分主要包括黄酮、苯甲酮、木脂素、苯丙素、萜类、生物碱、甾体以及其他酚性化合物,一些化学成分具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、镇痛、利泄、降糖等生物活性。对近年来从白木香中分离鉴定出的化学成分,以及部分化学成分的生物活性进行了综述,为白木香资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。     

余甘子的化学成分和保健功能作用

余甘子是一种具有较高的食用和药用价值的野生植物资源．风味独特．营养丰富,保健功能强,含有多种对人体有益的活性物质,具有补益、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等保健作用,这一特性使余甘子得到广泛关注,成为联合国卫生组织指定在全世界推广种植的三种保健植物之一。本文介绍余甘子的化学成分和保健功能作用,旨在促进余甘子的开发利用。     

Chemical Variability and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Micromeria inodora (Desf.) Benth. from Algeria

The chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of Micromeria inodora (Desf .) Benth . collected in 24 Algerian localities was investigated from the first time using GC‐FID, GC/MS and ¹³C‐NMR. Altogether, 83 components which accounted for 94.7% of the total oil composition were identified. The main compounds were trans‐sesquisabinene hydrate ( 1 ; 20.9%), α‐terpinyl acetate ( 2 ; 19.8%), globulol ( 3 ; 4.9%), caryophyllene oxide ( 4 ; 4.3%), β‐bisabolol ( 5 ; 2.9%) and trans‐7‐epi‐sesquisabinene hydrate ( 6 ; 2.6%). Comparison with the literature highlighted the originality of the Algerian M. inodora oil and indicated that 1 might be used as taxonomical marker. The study of the chemical variability allowed the discrimination of two main clusters confirming that there is a relation between the essential‐oil compositions and the soil nature of the harvest locations. Biological activity of M. inodora essential oil was assessed against fourteen species of microorganisms involved in nosocomial infections using paper disc diffusion and dilution agar assays. The in vitro study demonstrated a good activity against Gram‐positive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis, and moderate activity against Candida albicans. These results might be useful for the future commercial valorization of M. inodora essential oil as a promising source of natural products with potential against various nosocomial community and toxinic infections.