七氟醚和异氟醚吸入麻醉对压力反射敏感性比较的观察

临床观察发现七氟醚对病人血液动力学的影响与异氟醚相似 ,但七氟醚麻醉组病人的心率慢于异氟醚麻醉组。我们试验用升高和降低血压来干涉压力感受器 ,比较七氟醚 氧化亚氮和异氟醚 氧化亚氮全麻中手术患者压力感受器的功能 ,推测自主神经在两者心率变化差异中的作用。资料和方法选择 32例全麻手术病人 ,年龄 30～ 46岁 ,体重 45～ 6 7ｋｇ ,ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,无高血压及其它心血管系统并发症。征得病人同意随机分为七氟醚组 (Ｓ组 16例 )和异氟醚组 (Ⅰ组 16例 )。全麻诱导用芬太尼 0 1ｍｇ、硫喷妥钠 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ、琥珀酰胆碱 1 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ …     

小儿七氟醚吸入麻醉后恢复期兴奋表现的比较

目的：观察比较学龄前小儿和学龄期小儿应用七氟醚吸入麻醉后恢复期的兴奋表现。方法：选择40例在七氟醚吸入麻醉下施行斜疝修补术的患儿，年龄1岁至12岁，男、女兼有，术前药免用。40例患儿分为两组：学龄前组，1一7岁，20名；学龄期组，8—12岁，20名。观察比较恢复期的恢复分数，兴奋分数，兴奋时间和兴奋频率等临床指标。结果：两组的吸入麻醉时间、恢复室停留时间及恢复分数无显着性差异，而兴奋分数，兴奋时间及兴奋频率则有显着性差异。提示小儿在七氟醚吸入麻醉恢复期的兴奋发生率以学龄前组患儿比学龄期患儿多。结论：学龄前患儿恢复期容易出现恐惧、惊叫和挣扎等兴奋表现，需要医务人员良好的护理、监测和治疗。     

小儿七氟醚和异氟醚快速吸入诱导的比较

目的:比较小儿使用高浓度七氟醚和异氟醚加氧化亚氮快速吸入诱导的区别。方法:38例4～11岁,未使用术前药小儿随机分为二组,七氟醚组(n=20),吸入5％七氟醚,60％氧化亚氮;异氟醚组(n=18)吸入3.5％异氟醚,60％氧化亚氮。观察两组小儿采用快速吸入诱导方法时,睫毛反射和疼痛反应消失时间,以及药物的刺激性和诱导平稳程度的区别;同时观察两种方法对小儿循环功能的影响。结果:七氟醚组的诱导效果较为满意,其睫毛反射时间,疼痛反应消失时间均明显快于异氟醚组,分别为63.45±16.27(秒),189.40±28.70(秒)和75.82±22.60(秒),231.62±77.74(秒)(P<0.01);异氟醚对气道的刺激性较大,小儿吸入时躲闪,咳嗽,喉痉挛,兴奋以及分泌物增加的发生率明显高于七氟醚组;两组吸入诱导对小儿的血压无明显的影响。结论:小儿使用高浓度七氟醚吸入诱导是较为理想的麻醉诱导方法之一,与异氟醚比较,其吸入诱导平稳,对气道的刺激性较小,诱导时间明显缩短。     

异氟醚、七氟醚吸入麻醉对鼠骨骼肌微循环白细胞活动的影响

目的 探讨异氟醚、七氟醚吸入麻醉对鼠骨骼肌微循环白细胞活动的影响。方法 选择SD雄性大鼠20只,随机分为两组,制备提睾肌微循环模型。吸入异氟醚、七氟醚麻醉后,分别记录吸入异氟醚、七氟醚1．5MAC3h内微循环、小动脉A1的直径和血流速度,微循环毛细血管后微静脉的白细胞滚动和粘附数量。结果 吸入异氟醚、七氟醚1．5MAC3h内HR,MAP,CVP和A1的直径和血流速度无明显改变（P＞0．05）。微循环毛细血管后微静脉的白细胞流动和粘附数量显著增加（P＜0．01）。结论 长时间吸入异氟醚、七氟醚后,可引起大鼠骨骼肌微循环毛细血管后微静脉的白细胞滚动和粘附数量显著增加。     

低浓度七氟醚与异氟醚吸入麻醉对小儿血流动力学的影响

目的 研究低流量七氟醚与异氟醚吸入麻醉对小儿血流动力学的影响.方法 40例1～5岁小儿随机分为七氟醚组(S组)和异氟醚组(I组),每组20例.分别测量呼气末麻醉药浓度为0MAC(T0)、0.5MAC(T1)、1.0MAC(T2)和1.5MAC(T3)稳定5 min后的每搏指数(SI)、心脏指数(CI)、外周血管阻力(SVR)、HR及MAP.结果 与T0时比较,T1时两组MAP和SVR均有降低(P<0.05),其他指标均无明显变化.T2时,SVR和MAP进一步降低,HR略增快和SI略升高,但两组间差异无统计学意义,S组Cl值显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05).T3时,S组的HR显著快于Ⅰ组,而SI下降与T0近似;SVR和MAP两组无进一步降低.结论 低浓度七氟醚和异氟醚麻醉对小儿心肌无明显抑制,仅降低MAP和SVR,七氟醚增快HR作用大于异氟醚.     

异氟醚和七氟醚麻醉对患者心率变异性的影响

目的研究异氟醚和七氟醚麻醉对患者心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法60例择期颅脑手术患者,用动态心电图仪记录麻醉诱导前、插管后10 min、停药时、停药后1、2 h和4 h的HRV。结果ISO1组(异氟醚,年龄<60岁)和ISO2组(异氟醚,年龄≥60岁)插管后10 min、停药时、停药后1、2 h的低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)值均显著低于麻醉诱导前(P<0.05)。SEV1组(七氟醚,年龄<60岁)和SEV2组(七氟醚,年龄≥60岁)的LF、HF值在插管后10 min、停药时、停药后1 h均显著低于麻醉诱导前(P<0.05)。ISO组插管后各时点的LF、HF值均显著低于SEV组(P<0.05)。结论异氟醚对患者的交感神经和迷走神经都有明显的抑制作用,而对于交感神经和副交感神经活性的均衡性没有显著的影响。异氟醚对于交感神经和迷走神经的抑制作用比七氟醚更为明显。     

比较七氟醚、异氟醚和安氟醚对颅内压的影响

目的：为了观察七氟醚对颅内压的影响。方法：选择２４例颅内肿胶病人,测定七氟醚麻醉的时颅内压变化并与异氟醚和安氟醚进行比较。术前用药、麻醉诱导及维持的静脉用药相同。于Ｌ３－４穿刺蛛网膜睛腔测脑脊液压（代表颅内压,ＩＣＰ）。依吸入药不同随机分为七的氟醚（Ｓ）组,异氟醚（１）组和安氟醚（Ｅ）组,监测ＢＰ、ＭＡＰ、ＥＣＧ、ＳｐＯ２、ＰＥＴ、ＣＯ２和ＭＡＣ,调整ＶＴ和ＲＲａＣＯ２维持在４～４．６６ＫＰＡ。三     

七氟醚及异氟醚在碱石灰中稳定性的观察

为分析七氟醚和异氟醚在碱石灰中的化学稳定性。作者观察了不同条件下七氟醚、异氟醚被碱石灰的吸收和分解产物,报告如下。实验方法反应物及反应条件 140ml容积玻璃瓶15只,分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组(为A、B、C、D、E瓶)5只,分别装入上海五四化学试剂厂生产的碱石灰20g及脱脂棉球一个,Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组各瓶内喷入蒸馏水1.2ml,用覆有多层尼龙薄膜的胶塞密封抽去瓶中空气,分别注入液态异氟醚5ml。     

脑电双频指数指导吸入异氟烷对腹部手术老年病人麻醉恢复的影响

目的研究脑电双频指数(BIS)指导吸入异氟烷对腹部手术老年病人麻醉恢复的影响。方法65岁以上行腹部手术病人40例,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为对照组和BIS组,每组20例。对照组由同一麻醉科医生根据经验调节术中异氟烷的吸入浓度;BIS组术中维持BIS在50-60,手术结束前20min,BIS维持在60-70。记录诱导前、麻醉期间和拔管时的BIS、异氟烷挥发罐设定浓度和呼气末浓度;清醒时间、拔管时间和从手术结束至Aldrete麻醉恢复评分≥9的时间;简易智能状态检查(MMSE)评分。结果与对照组相比,BIS组术中异氟烷用量减少34%,麻醉、手术期间的BIS升高、呼气末异氟烷浓度降低,手术结束时呼气末异氟烷浓度降低,清醒时间、拔管时间和从手术结束至Aldrete麻醉恢复评分≥9的时间缩短;与麻醉前比较,BIS组术后1 h MMSE评分降低,对照组在术后1、2 h MMSE评分降低(P<0.05或0.01)。结论BIS指导吸入异氟烷能加快腹部手术老年病人麻醉恢复,并可减少术中异氟烷用量。     

择期手术病人七氟醚全麻诱导的效果

目的 比较七氟醚和异丙酚全麻诱导的效果。方法 择期手术病人60例,ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,行全身麻醉。随机分为2组（n=30）：七氟醚组（S组）,吸入1MAC七氟醚麻醉诱导;异丙酚组（P组）,靶控输注血浆靶浓度3 mg/L异丙酚麻醉诱导,2组均靶控输注血浆靶浓度4μg/L瑞芬太尼。病人入室静卧5min后记录血压（BP）、心率（HR）作为基础值。记录插管前即刻、插管后1、2、3min的BP和HR以及病人意识消失的时间。结果 与基础值比较,插管前即刻2组BP下降,S组HR减慢（P＜0．01）;插管后1min P组BP下降（P＜0．01）;插管后3min S组BP下降（P＜0．05）。插管后3 min,P组HR较S组快（P＜0．05）。S组意识消失时间短于P组（P＜0．01）。结论 七氟醚用于全麻诱导,是一种安全有效、方便快捷的技术。     

七氟醚和异氟醚对肝硬化患者肝切除术后肝功能的影响

目的 比较七氟醚和异氟醚对肝硬化患者行肝切除术后肝功能变化的影响.方法 将40名年龄为40～70岁的肝硬化(Child-Pugh A级),择期行肝癌肝叶切除术的患者随机分为七氟醚组和异氟醚组.两组患者均以咪唑安定0.1mg/kg体重、舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg体重、哌库溴铵1mg/kg体重诱导,分别予七氟醚或异氟醚辅以舒芬太尼维持麻醉.分别于术前、术后1、3、7d抽取非输液侧上肢静脉血测谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、胆碱酯酶、白蛋白、凝血酶原时间和血小板计数.结果 两组患者血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶较术前明显升高,术后3d达峰,且其增高值在异氟醚组明显高于七氟醚组;术后无患者出现肝衰竭或肝损伤的临床表现.结论 在肝硬化患者的麻醉中,异氟醚对肝功能的影响可能强于七氟醚.     

右美托咪啶对七氟醚麻醉患儿麻醉恢复期躁动的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶对七氟醚麻醉患儿麻醉恢复期躁动的影响.方法 择期全麻下行耳鼻喉科手术患儿300例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,性别不限,年龄4～7岁,体重16～30 kg,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=150):对照组(C组)和右美托咪啶组(D组).D组麻醉诱导前经10min静脉输注0.5μg/kg右美托咪啶20 ml,C组输注生理盐水20 ml.给药结束后5 min时吸入8%七氟醚麻醉诱导,气管插管后行机械通气.吸人2%～ 3%七氟醚维持麻醉,术中维持BIS值40～60.记录麻醉恢复时间和术后2 h内躁动的发生情况.结果 与C组比较,D组麻醉恢复时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),躁动发生率降低(P<0.05).结论 右美托咪啶可降低七氟醚麻醉患儿麻醉恢复期躁动的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on agitation during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Methods Three hundred ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children, aged 4-7 yr, weighing 16-30kg, scheduled for elective ear-nose-throat operation under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 150 each) : control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D) . Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg in 20 ml was infused intravenously over 10 min before anesthesia induction in group D, while equal volume of normal Saline was infused in group C. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of 8 % sevoflurane 5 min after the end of administration . The children were tracheal incubated and mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 2 % -3 % sevoflurane. BIS was maintained at 40-60 during operation. The recovery time and agitation within 2 h after operation were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the recovery time between the two groups ( P > 0.05) . The incidence of agitation was significantly lower in group D than in group C ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce the occurrence of agitation during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in children.     

Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia combined with epidural block on renal function in the elderly: comparison with isoflurane

Purpose. Renal function declines with age, but little is known about the renal effects of the inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane in the elderly. We therefore compared the renal effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in elderly patients. Methods. Thirteen patients aged ≥70 years undergoing gastrectomy with epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive either sevoflurane (n = 7) or isoflurane (n = 6). Dopamine (3–5 μg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) was administered to all patients. Blood and urine samples were collected before, during, and after anesthesia. Serum and urinary inorganic fluoride was measured, and renal function tests were performed. Results. Serum inorganic fluoride was significantly elevated in both groups. The production of inorganic fluoride was significantly greater in the sevoflurane group, but the level did not exceed 50 μmol·l⁻¹ in any patient. No abnormalities were observed in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, or urine volume in either group. The albumin excretion index increased during anesthesia and decreased after anesthesia in both groups. Creatinine clearance was unchanged in the sevoflurane group but fluctuated during and after anesthesia in the isoflurane group. α₁-Microglobulin (MG), β₂-MG, and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion increased up to 3 h after anesthesia, and α₁-MG and β₂-MG excretion increased on postanesthesia day 3. Conclusion. In both groups, glomerular and tubular function were transiently affected, but no abnormalities were found in routine laboratory tests, suggesting that neither isoflurane nor sevoflurane in combination with dopamine and epidural anesthesia seriously affects renal function in the elderly. Received for publication on October 23, 1998; accepted on October 27, 1999     

异氟烷与七氟烷用于腹部手术闭环靶控吸入麻醉的对照研究

目的:比较在腹部手术闭环靶控吸入麻醉中,七氟烷与异氟烷在脑电双频指数(BIS)波动、血液动力学稳定性、辅助药物应用、苏醒情况与术中知晓等方面的差异。方法:40例择期腹部手术的患者分为七氟烷组(25例)与异氟烷组(15例)。两组均采用经静脉诱导、吸入麻醉药闭环靶控系统维持麻醉;采用BIS为反馈控制变量,并设定BIS值55为控制目标。记录并比较两组的BIS值、血压、心率、辅助药物剂量、苏醒时间、苏醒期躁动和术中知晓等数据。结果:两种药物对麻醉全程的BIS、HR、和脉压差比较差异无统计学意义,但在术中七氟烷组BIS波动与收缩压波动显著小于异氟烷组(P<0.05)。七氟烷组睁眼时间显著少于异氟烷组(P<0.01);两组躁动发生差异无统计学意义。但两组亚宁定与麻黄碱用量比较无统计学显著性差异。两组病人均无术中知晓发生。结论:在腹部手术闭环靶控吸入麻醉中,七氟烷与异氟烷相比,可减少术中的BIS和收缩压的波动,缩短患者的睁眼时间。     

单纯七氟醚吸入麻醉与异丙酚-舒芬太尼静脉麻醉用于妇科日间手术患者效果的比较

目的 比较单纯七氟醚吸入麻醉与异丙酚-舒芬太尼静脉麻醉用于妇科日间手术患者的效果.方法 拟行门 诊人上流产术患者140例,年龄18～35岁,体重45～ 65kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=70):异丙酚-舒芬太尼静脉麻醉组(Ⅰ组)和单纯七氟醚吸入麻醉组(Ⅱ组).Ⅰ组静脉注射舒芬太尼0.2μg/kg,静脉输注1％异丙酚2～3mg· kg -1·min-1,睫毛反射消失后,以3～4 mg·kg-1·h-1的速率静脉输注.Ⅱ组面罩吸入8％七氟醚,氧流量6 L/min,待睫毛反射消失后,将氧流量调至3 L/min,七氟醚挥发罐划度调至2％～3％.记录麻醉诱导时间、苏醒时间、手术时间、术中低氧血症发生情况、体动情况及相关不良事件发生情况.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组麻醉诱导时间延长,苏醒期躁动、恶心、呕吐发生率升高,性幻觉发生率降低(P＜0.05),手术时间、苏醒时间、寒战、低氧血症发生率和体动反应分级比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与单纯七氟醚吸入麻醉相比,异丙酚-舒芬太尼静脉麻醉更适用于妇科日间手术患者,有利于改善患者麻醉恢复质量.     

Recovery and outcome after propofol and isoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy

Background: Laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) is expected to provide fast and comfortable recovery, plus an early return to normal daily activities. This study was carried out to compare the outcome after LH in patients anesthetized with isoflurane or propofol.
Methods: Sixty-two patients undergoing LH were randomized to receive either isoflurane-N₂O or propofol-N₂O anesthesia. The times when the patients could drink, void and walk were recorded. Recovery was also evaluated by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) 60 and 120 min after the operation. The patients were also given a questionnaire on their further recovery (return to daily activities, pain and nausea) to be filled out at home.
Results: Early recovery was significantly (P<.05) faster in the isoflurane group (eye opening within 3 min, orientation in 6 min) when compared to the propofol group (eye opening within 7 min, orientation in 14 min), but there was no significant difference in the other parameters of recovery. Most of the patients were discharged from the hospital on the first postoperative day in both groups. Twenty-five percent of the patients, however, stayed two nights in hospital, mainly for social reasons. No difference was found regarding the recovery at home: the patients resumed their normal daily activities on about the sixth postoperative day (median).
Conclusions: It is concluded that both isoflurane and propofol are suitable anesthetics for LH. In this study recovery was not fast enough to make the patients suitable for same-day surgery.