Dynamic deformation behavior of aluminum alloys under high strain rate compressive/tensile loading

Mechanical properties of the materials used for transportations and industrial machinery under high strain rate loading conditions such as seismic loading are required to provide appropriate safety assessment to these mechanical structures. The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) technique with a special experimental apparatus can be used to obtain the material behavior under high strain rate loading conditions. In this paper, dynamic deformation behaviors of the aluminum alloys such as A12024-T4, A16061T-6 and A17075-T6 under both high strain rate compressive and tensile loading conditions are determined using the SHPB technique.     

Al/Fe3Al网状结构复合材料的制备

采用机械合金化及退火工艺制备纳米级Fe3Al金属间化合物粉体;利用有机前驱体烧蚀技术,氩气保护下在真空热处理炉中经过1460℃热处理,制备具有高气孔率、高尺寸稳定性、耐高温的Fe3Al金属间化合物网状结构;采用负压浸渗法制备Al/Fe3Al网状结构复合材料,材料的耐磨性能明显优于基体材料,在100N载荷、400r/min转速的试验条件下,摩擦时间为20min时,Al/Fe3Al复合材料的磨损量较纯Al试样降低66%.     

Studies on wear behavior of nano-intermetallic reinforced Al-base amorphous/nanocrystalline matrix in situ composite

Resistance to wear is an important factor in design and selection of structural components in relative motion against a mating surface. The present work deals with studies on fretting wear behavior of in situ nano-Al₃Ti reinforced Al–Ti–Si amorphous/nanocrystalline matrix composite, processed by high pressure (8 GPa) sintering at room temperature, 350, 400 or 450 °C. The wear experiments were carried out in gross slip fretting regime to investigate the performance of this composite against Al₂O₃ at ambient temperature (22–25 °C) and humidity (50–55%). The highest resistance to fretting wear has been observed in the composites sintered at 400 °C. The fretting wear involves oxidation of Al₃Ti particles in the composite. A continuous, smooth and protective tribolayer is formed on the worn surface of the composite sintered at 400 °C, while fragmentation and spallation leads to a rougher surface and greater wear in the composite sintered at 450 °C.     

Friction and wear behavior of hybrid glass/PTFE fabric composite reinforced with surface modified nanometer ZnO

Nano-ZnO was successfully grafted with 2,4-toluenediisocyanate (TDI) and β-aminoethyltrimethoxylsilane (OB551) to avoid the agglomeration of nano-ZnO in composite. The hybrid glass/PTFE fabric composites reinforced with the untreated, OB551 and TDI modified nano-ZnO, respectively, were prepared by dip-coating of the hybrid fabric in a phenolic adhesive resin containing the nanoparticles to be incorporated and the successive curing. The friction and wear behaviors of various nano-ZnO reinforced hybrid glass/PTFE fabric composites sliding against AISI-1045 steel in a pin-on-disk configuration were evaluated on a Xuanwu-III high-temperature friction and wear tester, with the unfilled one as a reference. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of the composites and of the counterpart pins were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, FTIR spectrum was taken to characterize the untreated and treated nano-ZnO. It is found that the untreated and treated nano-ZnO reinforced hybrid glass/PTFE fabric composites exhibit improved wear resistance and friction-reduction in comparison with the unfilled one. The TDI modified nano-ZnO reinforced composite can obtain the best friction and wear performance under different applied load; followed by the OB551 modified nano-ZnO reinforced one. Sliding conditions, such as environmental temperature and lubricating condition, significantly affect the tribo-performances of the unfilled and filled hybrid glass/PTFE fabric composites.     

Al基复合材料分形特性及其磨损特性的研究

以亚微米级(130nm)SiCp和(100～200)目(149～75μm)Al粉为原料,采用冷压烧结和热挤压方法制备出不同体积含量的微米SiCp增强Al基复合材料,研究了其分形特性和耐磨性能.结果表明:SiCp/Al基复合材料具有分形特性,SiCp/Al基复合材料耐磨性优于市售挤压态锡青铜QSn6.5-0.4和纯Al,且随SiCp含量增加,复合材料的分形维数增大,耐磨性能提高;磨损表面形成Al基体+孔隙+弥散分布SiCp的理想耐磨组织.     

Microstructure and wear characteristics on Al alloy matrix composite reinforced with Ni perform

Al based composite reinforced with Nickel is used for diesel engine piston, because the thermal properties, strength and corrosion resistant are for better than Al alloy alone. For processing, the intermetallic compounds of Ni and Al improves wear resistance due to its high hardness. Existing process methods for MMC (metal matrix composite) using preform were manufactured under high-pressure. However, this causes deformation of the preform or weaknesses in the completed MMC. Low-pressure infiltration can prevent these problems, and there is an advantage of cost reduction in of production with small-scale of production equipment. In this study, the microstructure and wear characteristics of Al-based composite with Ni preform as reinforcement with low-pressure infiltration was analyzed.     

Toughness and fracture mechanisms of glass fiber/aluminum hybrid laminates under tensile loading

Tensile properties and fracture toughness of monolithic aluminum (Al), glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRPs) and glass fiber/aluminum hybrid laminates (GFMLs) were examined in relation to the fracture processes of plain coupon and single-edge-notched specimens. Elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength of GFMLs showed characteristic dependences on the kind of Al, fiber orientation and the Al/fiber layer composition ratio. Fracture toughnesses K_C and G_C of A-GFML-UD were comparable to those of GFRP-UD and were much superior to monolithic Al. However, GFML with a transverse crack parallel to the fiber layer deteriorated largely in toughness. Microscopic observation of the fracture zone in the vicinity of the crack tip revealed various modes of micro-cracks in the respective layers as well as fiber fractures and delamination between fiber/Al layers. Such damage advances in GFMLs dependent on the orientation of the fiber layer and the Al/fiber composition ratio strongly influenced the strength and toughness of GFMLs.     

On wire breakage and microstructure in WEDC of SiCp/6061 aluminum metal matrix composites

Unconventional machining like wire electric discharge machining/cutting (WEDM/WEDC) seems to be a better choice for machining/cutting the metal matrix composites (MMCs) because it offers easy control and has the capability of machining intricate complex shapes. But wire breakage in the WEDM/WEDC process decreases the machining accuracy and the quality of the machined surface. This paper describes the effect of four input process parameters (i.e., servo voltage, pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and wire feed rate) on wire breakage frequency and the microstructure of the cut surface during WEDC of SiC_p/6061 Al MMC. An optimum range of input parameters has been bracketed as the outcome of this work for determining the effects of input process parameters on the average cutting speed, material removal rate, and surface roughness during WEDC of SiC_p/6061 Al MMC. This range of input parameters can also be used for carrying out further research to develop the models for WEDC of SiC_p/6061 Al MMC and to optimize the WEDC parameters for smooth cutting.     

Mechanical and tribological behavior of the metal matrix composite AA6061/ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/C

This study investigates the influence of zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) and graphite (C) on the mechanical and tribological behavior of aluminum-based metal matrix composite (AA6061) fabricated through the stir casting. Metal matrix composites (MMC) are prepared with the following weight percentages: 100 % AA; 96 % AA-2 % ZrO₂-2 % C; 88 % AA-6 % ZrO₂-6 % C; 92 % AA-6 % ZrO₂-2 % C; and 96 % AA-2 % ZrO₂-6 % C. The microstructure and the mechanical and tribological behavior are characterized, and their correlations are obtained. Microstructural studies of the MMC reveal a uniform distribution of ZrO₂ and C particles in the AA6061 matrix. The addition of ZrO₂ improves the hardness from 6 % to 12 % (30 HRC to 40.94 HRC) and the ultimate tensile strength from 8 % to 15 % (128 MPa to 166.3 MPa) of the base metal (AA6061). The tribological behavior of wear and the frictional properties of the MMC are also studied by performing dry sliding wear test using pin-on-disc method. Result shows that the minimum and maximum wear rates of MMC are 5 E-9 and 6.2 E-9 (g/mm), respectively, at speed of 850 rpm and constant sliding distance of 1000 m.     

Wear and scuffing characteristics of composite polymer and nickel/ceramic composite coated piston skirts against aluminum and cast iron cylinder bores

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the tribological behavior and compatibility between coated piston skirts and aluminum or cast iron bore counterfaces. Aluminum piston skirts with either composite polymer coatings (CPCs) or nickel/ceramic composite coatings (NCCs) were evaluated. Among the NCC coated piston skirts, Ni–P–BN showed consistent low wear on either cast iron or the aluminum bores. The tin plated piston skirt generated low wear depths on cast iron or 390 Al bore surfaces, but higher wear depths on 413 Al or 356 Al bore. All the CPCs generated much less wear on cast iron or aluminum cylinder bores compared with the Ni–P–SiC or Ni–P–Si₃N₄ skirt coatings. Even the wear tests using 413 Al and 356 Al bores showed very low wear depths. Among the CPCs, two coatings with different percentages of molybdenum disulfide and graphite particles dispersed in the resin generated the lowest wear on 390 Al bore. Using a CPC over a hard-anodized surface, the bore wear depth was further reduced and became much more consistent compared with using a CPC alone. The response of the coatings to a simulation of the oil starvation associated with scuffing conditions revealed that the CPCs had intrinsic resistance to scuffing. However, the durability was not very good. The Ni–P–BN coating had intrinsic resistance to scuffing and good durability when sliding against 390 Al bore in the unlubricated conditions. The hard anodized surfaces with the CPCs showed much improved coating durability with good scuffing resistance.     

Parametric study on nonlinear dynamic characteristics of functionally graded graphene nanoplatelets reinforced composite plates

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - The nonlinear dynamics of functionally graded graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) reinforced composite plates are studied based on the first-order shear...     

石墨纤维增强铝基复合材料在空间遥感器镜筒结构中的应用

为了设计和制造出性能更加优越的空间遥感器,对一种新型航天材料-石墨纤维增强铝基复合材料(Gr/Al composite)进行了研究.突破了石墨纤维与铝合金的界面反应控制、纤维铺层和缠绕设计等关键技术,成功制备了石墨纤维增强铝基复合材料,材料的密度为2.12×103 kg/m3,弹性模量为129 Gpa,线膨胀系数为5.0×10-6 K-1.针对这种复合材料,摸索出一套完整的加工和后处理工艺,并首次把这种复合材料应用在空间红外遥感器镜筒结构设计中,设计的镜筒较之钛合金镜筒减重31.8%.最后,完成了镜筒组件的加工装配、透镜的装校和随机振动试验.实验结果表明,镜筒组件的一阶谐振频率为284 Hz,高于100 Hz的设计要求,振动试验后光机系统没有发生变化.上述工作表明,石墨纤维增强铝基复合材料在航天遥感领域具有较高的应用价值.     

Wear and friction behavior of Al6061 alloy reinforced with carbon nanotubes

Friction and wear behavior of Al6061 monolithic alloy and 1 wt% CNTs reinforced Al6061 composite prepared through ball milling and spark plasma sintering was investigated. It was found that, under mild wear conditions, the composite displayed lower wear rate and friction coefficient compared to the monolithic alloy. However, for severe wear conditions, the composite displayed higher wear rate and friction coefficient compared to the monolithic alloy. Analysis of worn surfaces revealed that, at lower loads, abrasion was the dominant wear mechanism for both materials. At higher loads, adhesion was found to be dominant for the monolithic alloy while excessive sub-surface fracturing and delamination were mainly observed for the composite. Also, it was clarified that the friction and wear behavior of Al–CNT composites is largely influenced by the applied load and there exists a critical load beyond which CNTs could have a negative impact on the wear resistance of aluminum alloy.     

Friction and wear behavior of Ni-P coated Si3N4 reinforced Al6061 composites

Al6061 matrix composite reinforced with nickel coated silicon nitride particles were manufactured by liquid metallurgy route. Microstructure and tribological properties of both matrix alloy and developed composites have been evaluated. Dry sliding friction and wear tests were carried out using pin on disk type machine over a load range of 20-100 N and sliding velocities of range 0.31-1.57 m/s. Results revealed that, nickel coated silicon nitride particles are uniformly distributed through out the matrix alloy. Al6061-Ni-P-Si₃N₄ composite exhibited lower coefficient of friction and wear rate compared to matrix alloy. The coefficient of friction of both matrix alloy and developed composite decreased with increase in load up to 80 N. Beyond this, with further increase in the load, the coefficient of friction increased slightly. However, with increase in sliding velocity coefficient of friction of both matrix alloy and developed composite increases continuously. Wear rates of both matrix alloy and developed composites increased with increase in both load and sliding velocity. Worn surfaces and wear debris was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for possible wear mechanisms. Energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) techniques were used to identify the oxides formed on the worn surfaces and wear debris.     

Influence of impingement angle on solid particle erosion of carbon fabric reinforced polyetherimide composite

Polyetherimide (PEI) composite reinforced with plain weave carbon fabric (CF) (40% by volume) was developed and characterized for physical and mechanical properties. The erosive wear behaviour of PEI and its composite was evaluated using silica sand particles at a constant impact velocity but varying angles of impingement. It was confirmed that though all the mechanical properties of PEI improved substantially by CF reinforcement, the erosion resistance (W_R) deteriorated by a factor of almost four–six times at all angles of impingement. Both materials showed minimum wear at normal incidence (90° impingement). In spite of the fact that PEI is not a very ductile polymer (elongation to break-60%), it showed maximum wear at 15° which is a characteristic of ductile and semi-ductile mode of failure. The composite (elongation to break-1%) also showed highest wear at 30° (impingement at 15° was not studied). These phenomena were explained using scanning electron micrographs of the eroded surfaces.     

Friction and wear properties of short carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites

The friction and wear properties of short carbon fibers (SCFs) reinforced aluminum matrix composite were studied. The influences of the fiber volume fraction, load applied, rotating speed, and wear mechanism were discussed. The results indicated that SCFs/Al composite had better tribological properties than Al alloy. The friction coefficient and wear mass loss decreased with the fiber volume fraction increased, but increased as the load and rotating speed increased, respectively. SCF reduced direct contact between the matrix and counterpart and improved the wear resistance of SCFs/Al composite greatly. The wear displayed a linear evolution in all the range of load. Surfaces before and after wear tests were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) spectroscopy.     

Experimental investigation of weld characteristics on submerged friction stir welded 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Mechanical properties such as fatigue life, corrosion resistance, brittle fracture, hardness and dimensional stability mainly depend on the residual...     

A theoretical and experimental investigation of surface generation in diamond turning of an Al6061/SiCp metal matrix composite

In this paper, the surface generation in ultra-precision diamond turning of Al6061/15SiC_p metal-matrix composites was investigated based on different analytical approaches which include parametric analysis, cutting mechanic analysis, finite element method (FEM) analysis and power spectrum analysis. Parametric analysis was performed to explore the in situ inter-relationships between the process parameters and the surface roughness. The surface properties of the diamond turned surface were extracted and analyzed by the power spectrum analysis of the surface roughness profiles. Different surface generation mechanisms were deduced based on the cutting mechanics and FEM analysis. The results of the theoretical analyses were verified through a series of cutting tests conducted under various cutting conditions and a good correlation between the theoretical and experimental results was obtained.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料干滑动摩擦性能研究进展

综述了近几十年来各国对颗粒增强铝基复合材料(PRA)干滑动摩擦性能的研究成果,对PRA主要参数的测量、影响PRA耐磨性的因素和磨损机制进行了分析和总结,指出了今后的研究方向。