夏枯草黄酮提取纯化工艺研究进展

夏枯草是常用中药材,含有黄酮类活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗癌、抑菌和降血脂等多种生物活性,在食品、医药等领域有着广阔的应用前景。研究夏枯草中黄酮提取纯化具有重要的实际意义。本文概述近年来国内夏枯草黄酮提取纯化工艺研究进展,为夏枯草黄酮进一步研究开发提供参考。     

夏枯草的研究概况及展望

对中药夏枯草的植物资源、化学成分和药理研究等作一综述.夏枯草含有多种活性化学成分,它具有降压、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗菌等生物活性,为进一步研究和开发利用提供了文献依据.     

基于主成分分析和响应面法优化夏枯草活性成分超声提取工艺

建立了夏枯草的指纹图谱,通过主成分分析法进行降维处理,确定了2个主成分,以其综合得分为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法优化夏枯草活性成分的超声提取工艺。结果表明,除提取温度外,其它因素均对综合得分有显著影响,影响大小顺序为：超声时间>乙醇体积分数>料液比;确定最佳提取工艺为：超声时间23 min、料液比1∶20 (g∶mL)、乙醇体积分数65%。该方法不仅能全面考察夏枯草活性成分的提取效果,同时简化数据,具有一定的实用性,为夏枯草药材的质量控制及进一步开发利用奠定了基础。     

艾纳香的生物活性及其在日化品中的应用

对艾纳香的主要功效成分、生物活性及其在日化品中的应用进行了简要的论述。艾纳香的主要功效成分包括挥发性成分,如L-龙脑、樟脑、β-石竹烯等,以及水溶性成分如黄酮、二氢黄酮等。艾纳香具有显著的生物活性,如抑菌、抗炎、抗衰老等。依据其生物活性,研发的化妆品种类大致可分为美白祛斑类、抗氧化、抗衰老、防晒及修复类等,同时还开发了口腔护理及日用类产品。由此可见,艾纳香具有较好的生物活性,药理作用显著,在日化品中的应用前景广阔。     

黑木耳中生物活性物质提取工艺研究进展

对近几年我国黑木耳中生物活性成分的提取工艺研究进行了归纳总结,并展望了其提取研究的发展方向,为黑木耳中生物活性成分深入研究、开发利用提供参考。     

芦苇化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

芦苇(Phragmites australis)是禾本科多年生草本植物,在我国分布极为广泛,其根、茎、叶、花中富含多种生物活性成分。对近十年来芦苇中活性物质的提取分离及生物活性等方面的研究进行了较为详细的综述。     

异靛蓝衍生物生物活性的研究进展

异靛蓝是一种重要的双吲哚类天然产物,具有多种生物活性.为了增强异靛蓝的生物活性和水溶性,近年来人们对其结构进行了大量的修饰和改造,合成了一些活性较强的衍生物.对近年来异靛蓝衍生物的生物活性及构效关系研究进行了综述.     

超声波辅助提取夏枯草多酚的研究前景

夏枯草是一种常见的中药,富含多种活性物质,对人体的生理健康有积极的作用,现在对夏枯草活性成分的提取主要集中在多糖类、黄酮类和萜类物质,而对夏枯草多酚类物质的提取分离研究和活性研究很少,综述了超声波辅助提取法的优势和目前在提取多酚方面的研究。     

香根油提取方法及其挥发性成分研究现状

香根油由于其具有独特的香味及杀虫、抗菌等生物活性,受到了研究者的广泛关注。对目前提取香根油的方法进行了比较全面的综述,并对其前景进行了展望,同时对其油中的复杂成分进行了总结及分析,对我国香根草的利用和发展具有积极的意义。     

螺旋藻培养过程中生长因素的影响

螺旋藻是一种螺旋状、不分枝的丝状蓝藻,含有多种营养成分并具有一定的生物活性.近年来有许多研究者证实螺旋藻具有提高人体免疫力、抗肥胖、抗病毒等生物活性功能.随着人们对食品营养及健康意识的提高,以螺旋藻为原料的大众食品及保健食品将越来越多,螺旋藻的需求及出口量也将逐年升高.目前螺旋藻企业面临着成本高、产量低及环境污染等问题,严重阻碍螺旋藻的生产与应用,降低生产成本、提高产量和控制环境污染的风险将成为今后螺旋藻培养研究工作的主攻方向.本工作综述了氮源、碳源、pH值、温度、轮虫及微量元素等因素对螺旋藻生长、形态及其成分含量的影响,为提高螺旋藻的培养技术提供理论参考.     

The unique role of fluorine in the design of active ingredients for modern crop protection

The task of inventing and developing active ingredients with useful biological activities requires a search for novel chemical substructures. This process may trigger the discovery of whole classes of chemicals of potential commercial interest. Similar biological effects can often be achieved by completely different compounds. However, compounds within a given structural family may exhibit quite different biological activities depending on their interactions with different intracellular proteins like enzymes or receptors. By varying the functional groups and structural elements of a lead compound, its interaction with the active site of the target protein, as well as its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and dynamic properties can be improved. In this context, the introduction of fluorine into active ingredients has become an important concept in the quest for a modern crop protection product with optimal efficacy, environmental safety, user friendliness, and economic viability. Fluorinated organic compounds represent an important and growing family of commercial agrochemicals. A number of recently developed agrochemical candidates represent novel classes of chemical compounds with new modes of action; several of these compounds contain new fluorinated substituents. However, the complex structure-activity relationships associated with biologically active molecules mean that the introduction of fluorine can lead to either an increase or a decrease in the efficacy of a compound depending on its changed mode of action, physicochemical properties, target interaction, or metabolic susceptibility and transformation. Therefore, it is still difficult to predict the sites in a molecule at which fluorine substitution will result in optimal desired effects.     

苎麻脱胶废水处理工程改扩建设计

生产规模扩大,废水排放量增加,原有苎麻脱胶废水处理工程需要改扩建.设计重点强化了生物处理的作用,具体措施包括:采用生物膜和活性污泥共同起作用的复合生物处理法,并且分级、分段运行.投产后出水满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)二级排放标准的要求,通过了环保部门验收.     

姜黄素衍生物的生物活性研究概况

姜黄素衍生物具有杀虫、抑菌、抗病毒、消炎抗氧化、抗癌等多种生物活性。概述了对姜黄素芳环及芳环上酚羟基、β-二酮、活泼亚甲基进行修饰,或者对去掉活泼亚甲基和一个羰基后的1,4-戊二烯-3-酮类化合物进一步修饰后,得到的化合物具有较高的生物活性,并展望了其未来的发展前景。     

磁性微球在生化领域中的应用

磁性微球作为一种新型功能材料,在生物工程等领域有着广泛的应用前景,着重介绍了磁性微球在生物分离、固定化酶、靶向药物等领域的应用。随着人们对磁性微球研究的不断深入,必将引起制备和应用技术的革命性进步,并且实现商业化具有广阔的前景。     

海桐植物化学成分以及生物活性的研究

海桐为海桐花科海桐花属植物。该植物除用于园林绿化和观赏之外,其枝叶、根、种子和花均可以入药,它们的提取物还具有抗肿瘤、抑菌、杀虫等活性。本文对近年来海桐各器官部位的化学成分以及生物活性的研究进行概述,拟对该植物进一步的开发利用提供帮助。     

Oxy-Radicals and the Radiobiological Oxygen Effect

The radiobiological oxygen effect can be separated into its biological and chemical components, using time-resolved or kinetic studies. Rapid mix techniques show that the full oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) for radiation-induced cell killing is expressed when oxygen is present or admitted 40 ms prior to irradiation. This predominant chemical action of oxygen, including direct and indirect action, is too fast to implicate processes other than those involving free radical species. The two principal hypotheses, “oxygen fixation” and “active oxygen”, are discussed. Pulse radiolysis studies of model systems provide kinetic data to indicate the principal damaging species and radiation targets, the kinetics and sequence of damaging events, and the role of redox processes involving oxygen, oxy-radicals and radiation modifiers. Complementary steady-state radiolysis studies enable the nature and extent of the physico-chemical damage to be quantified. Mechanistic aspects of the radiobiological oxygen effect are inferred from in vitro studies of irradiated mammalian cells, comparing the different biological end-points with specific forms of chemical damage, under a variety of physical, chemical and biological conditions. While this review stresses the role of oxygen in sensitizing the critical cellular target DNA, responsible for the acute biological effect of cell killing, it must be remembered that for cancer and other chronic effects, having a long latent period between radiation exposure and the biological expression of deleterious damage, there may not be an oxygen effect or if there is, it may be quite different in terms of the damaging species, principal radiation targets, and the sequence and kinetics of the damaging events. Although oxygen and oxy-radicals may be involved in the initiation and development of cancer, their overall roles in influencing the chronic effects of radiation may be complex and dependent upon cellular and multicellular factors, making it difficult to unambiguously elucidate possible mechanisms.     

小球藻异养培养的研究进展

单细胞绿藻在水产养殖、环境保护、人类健康食品和重要生命活性物质生产等众多领域的研究与应用得到不断扩展,而如何高效培养出超高细胞浓度小球藻来满足各个应用领域的需要是我国亟待解决的藻类生物技术关键课题。主要针对小球藻的异养培养和重要生命活性物质的生产等方面的国内外最新研究进展进行了综述,并对重要的研究领域进行了展望。     

Reduction of Excess Sludge Produced by Biological Treatment Processes: Effect of Ozonation on Biomass and on Sludge∗

The excess sludge produced during biological treatment of wastewater can be reduced by treating this sludge with ozone in a specific reactor and recycling it to the biological facility. This increases the biodegradability of the inert fractions of the sludge without deteriorating the activity of the microorganisms. Ozone reacts only within the film zone near the gas/liquid interface: it is assumed that the size of the microflocs of active microorganisms is greater than the effective thickness of the film, thus protecting them from ozone. This coupled treatment produces treated water having satisfactory characteristics and a residual excess sludge that has an extremely high settling capability.     

Destruction of human blood cells in interaction with detonation nanodiamonds in experiments in vitro

In experiments in vitro on human blood, it was shown that nanodiamond (ND) particles change the kinetics of active oxygen generation (AOG), causing white cell destruction and erythrocyte hemolysis. Various mechanisms of the observed effects have been considered. Nanodiamonds adapted for biological research and possessing higher colloidal stability make it possible to obtain sterile hydrosols and mixtures with drugs and are more preferable for medical–biological research. We discussed the necessity of experiments in vivo and showed the first results of injection of the adapted nanodiamonds to the laboratory animals.     

Fabrication of modified fibre materials containing biologically active substances

The effect of the composition of a polymer composite used for treating unmodified textile material and the structure of the fibre matrix on the properties of the material obtained, which contains the proteolytic enzyme protease C and low-molecular-weight antimicrobial substances, was investigated. The factors that affect the biological activity and stability of biologically active fibre materials and the kinetics of separation of biologically active substance from them were established. The composition of the polymer composites which makes it possible to obtain fibre materials with long-lasting complex biological activity resistant to sterilization with γ-irradiation was determined. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 15–21, November–December, 1997.