青少年抑郁症患者的健康相关危险行为

目的:探讨青少年抑郁症患者的健康相关危险行为特点。方法:纳入符合ICD-10抑郁发作和复发性抑郁障碍诊断标准的青少年抑郁症患者78例,以及性别和年龄相匹配的正常对照143例。青少年健康相关危险行为问卷(AHRBI)评定健康相关危险行为,同时抑郁症组被试家长完成AHRBI父母版(AHRBI-P)评定。结果:抑郁症组的AHRBI总分、破坏纪律和自杀自伤行为因子分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。抑郁症组AHRBI总分、攻击暴力、破坏纪律和自杀自伤行为因子分均高于AHRBI-P相应评分(均P<0.05)。AHRBI自杀自伤行为因子分女性高于男性,AHRBI-P攻击暴力和破坏纪律行为因子分女性均低于男性(均P<0.05)。结论:青少年抑郁症患者的健康相关危险行为多于正常青少年,并存在性别差异。父母可能低估青少年抑郁症患者的健康相关危险行为。     

农村地区自杀死亡与遗传因素的关系

目的:探讨农村自杀死亡与遗传因素的关系及不同特征一级亲属自杀遗传度的大小,为制定农村自杀的预防对策与措施提供依据.方法:在山东省疾病监测点上选取自杀死亡者153例,对照组153例,通过问卷调查获取他们的一级亲属资料,通过1∶1配对病例对照研究对他们及其一级亲属资料进行遗传流行病学研究,采用Penrose法估计遗传模式,Falconer回归法估算遗传度.结果:自杀家族史与自杀死亡高度相关(0R=13.25).一级亲属自杀遗传度(h2)为(34.0±6.4)％;≥60岁者的自杀遗传度为(51.2±7.0)％,＜60岁者(14.8±11.8)％;女性(23.2±10.2)％,男性(46.7±7.6)％;无精神障碍者(31.7±7.1)％,有精神障碍者(42.1±13.1)％;非暴力方式者(39.2±7.8)％,暴力方式者(25.4±10.7)％;低自杀意图者(21.6±13.6)％,高自杀意图者(38.1±7.1)％.结论:在农村自杀死亡者中,遗传因素可能是重要的危险因素,在较高年龄、男性、有精神障碍、非暴力方式、高自杀意图的自杀死亡者中遗传因素可能起更大的作用.     

女性特殊工种矿工心理测量与比较分析

目的探讨我国矿山女性特殊工种员工安全生产相关心理特征及其与男性特殊工种员工之间存在的岗位职能心理差异。方法运用声光反应时测定仪EP204,运动反应时测定仪EP206-P,注意力集中测试仪EP701C,注意力分配测试仪EP708A和EPQ人格问卷对中煤矿建(集团)公司1600余名各类特殊工种员工进行心理测量,测量数据使用SPSS17.0统计软件对男女特殊工种员工多项心理特征进行比较分析。结果女性特殊工种员工声光反应准确性、运动反应准确性均显著优于男性矿工(P<0.01,P<0.05)。女性特殊工种员工注意力稳定性、情绪稳定性均显著优于男性矿工(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论女性矿工具有良好的岗位职能心理特征。研究开发女性矿工心理资源有利于提高矿山劳动工效,增强矿山生产安全心理保障,同时有利于促进矿山人际和谐及矿工群体心理卫生水平的优化、提高。     

国内外自杀心理解剖SCI/SSCI论文可视化对比分析

目的:了解近10年来心理解剖研究的概况和热点,并把握该领域国内外研究的异同点。方法:利用CiteSpace文献可视化分析软件,以Web of Science数据库中2007~2016年间"心理解剖"方向的SCI/SSCI论文为文献来源,从研究机构、核心作者、研究热点、研究领域等4个方面进行国内外文章的比较和分析。结果:国内所发表的SCI/SSCI论文倾向于关注自杀意念、冲动性自杀、社会支持系统、生活事件等研究热点;而国外SCI/SSCI论文则更关注自杀者的外在行为表现和患有抑郁症以及精神分裂症等精神疾病的自杀者;在研究领域方面,近年来国外心理解剖运用领域范围扩大,与自杀的神经生物学研究相结合探究自杀的生理机制。结论:国内外心理解剖SCI/SSCI论文基本的研究方向一致。国内研究更集中于对心理层面的自杀危险因素的探究,而国外研究在关注自杀的心理因素之外,同时开始注重对自杀死亡者生前的行为特征的研究。     

心理咨询师信息呈现对大学生在线心理求助意愿的影响

目的:探讨心理咨询师的专业性、面孔可信度和性别等信息呈现对大学生线上心理求助意愿的影响。方法:选取某高校200名大学生，通过3(专业性：高、中、低)×3(面孔可信度：高、中、低)×2(面孔性别：男、女)三因素被试内实验设计，采用E-prime编程模拟在线心理咨询预约场景，比较大学生在线心理求助意愿的差异。结果:大学生对高专业性心理咨询师、高面孔可信度心理咨询师的心理求助意愿得分均高于对中、低专业性和中、低面孔可信度心理咨询师(均P<0.05);对女性心理咨询师的心理求助意愿得分高于对男性心理咨询师(P<0.05);对专业性较高、面孔可信度较高的女性心理咨询师心理求助意愿得分高于对其他条件下的心理咨询师心理求助意愿得分(均P<0.05)。结论:对大学生而言，专业性较高、面孔可信度较高的女性心理咨询师可能引发更高的心理求助意愿。     

为什么女性自杀未遂率显著高于男性

目的 :通过对男女自杀未遂者特征的比较 ,了解女性自杀未遂率显著高于男性的原因。方法 :由经过严格培训的调查员用自制调查表对综合医院诊治的病情较重的 3 2 6例自杀未遂病人进行调查 ,并做出精神科诊断 (根据DSM -IV诊断标准 ) ,然后比较男女自杀未遂者 (女 2 48例 ,男 78例 )的特征。结果 :男女自杀未遂者在平均年龄、家庭经济与环境状况、既往自杀未遂次数、自杀方式、自杀意图强度、负性生活事件数目及其对心理的影响程度、精神障碍总的患病率等方面差异无统计学意义。而且男女自杀未遂者前三位常见的负性生活事件相同 :夫妻吵架或不和、生活规律的重大变化和经济困难。但与男性相比 ,女性接受正规教育的年限短 ,现婚的比例高 ,自杀前一直在工作的比例高 ,同住家人的平均年龄较小 ,自杀前一个月内与不同成年家属的接触天数之和较少 ,酒精依赖的患病率低 (P均 <0 0 5 )。结论 :农村地区病情较重的男女自杀未遂者多数与自杀有关的关键特征相似 ,因此需要进一步寻找导致女性自杀未遂率显著高于男性的关键因素。     

综合医院医务人员的自杀意念及其相关因素

目的:了解综合医院医务人员自杀意念流行现状和相关因素。方法:本研究采用多阶段分层整群抽样,在山东省调查3426名医务人员,使用自杀意念筛查问题调查了终生和一年自杀意念,采用领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)和Kessler 10量表分别测量社会支持情况和心理痛苦状况。结果:自杀意念终生发生率为9.1%,自杀意念一年发生率为7.0%。博士学历(OR=5.21、6.31,均P<0.001),躯体疾病(OR=1.74、1.66,均P<0.01)和较重的心理痛苦(OR=1.10、1.11,均P<0.001)是终生自杀意念和一年自杀意念的危险因素;男性(OR=0.57、0.55,均P<0.001)、自评执业环境一般(OR=0.72、0.61,均P<0.05)、高社会支持水平(OR=0.98、0.98,均P<0.001)是终生自杀意念和一年自杀意念的保护因素。结论:男性、博士学历、有躯体疾病、自评执业环境一般、心理痛苦状况较重、社会支持水平较低的医务人员更易产生自杀意念。     

自杀与其它伤害死亡全国性对照研究

目的:了解国内的自杀现状及其特征.方法:用自制的意外死亡研究问卷按"心理解剖"的调查方法从全国20个农村和3个城市疾病监测点抽取895例自杀和701例其它伤害死亡案例.对每个案例的家属及周围知情者单独进行持续约3小时的调查.结果:自杀案例中67%为服毒自杀(大多数为存放在家中的物品);63%自杀当时有精神障碍(39.8%为抑郁症);27%有过自杀未遂;91%从未看过精神科医生;近一年最常见的负性生活事件为经济困难(40%)、患急重病(38%)或夫妻不和(35%);自杀前两天内25%有突出的人际关系冲突;自杀当时10%有他人在现场.与其它伤害死亡者比较自杀者女性多、年龄偏大、读书年限少、家庭收入低并出现慢性和急性负性生活事件多.结论:我国自杀为多因素相互作用的结果,相当一部分属于冲动行为,与其它国家比自杀当时患精神障碍的比例低.     

抑郁症患者自杀态度与自杀意念的关系研究

目的探讨抑郁症患者自杀态度与自杀意念的关系。方法采用自杀态度问卷(Q SA)和B eck自杀意念量表中文版(BS I-CV)对334名抑郁症住院患者进行调查。结果抑郁症患者自杀态度的4个因子均分都在2.5~3.5之间;其与自杀意念强度、自杀危险程度呈一定负相关关系(P<0.05);结构方程模型拟合表明,自杀态度通过自杀意念强度影响自杀危险程度(近1周:χ2=2870.04,P<0.05,NNF I=0.88,CF I=0.89;最消沉抑郁时:χ2=1599.41,P<0.05,NNF I=0.94,CF I=0.95);在"近1周"和"最消沉"2个时间段,自杀态度对自杀危险程度的间接影响作用分别为0.308和0.410,P<0.05。结论自杀态度通过自杀意念强度对自杀危险产生影响。     

新冠肺炎流行期急诊护士心理应激反应及相关因素

目的:了解新冠肺炎流行期急诊护士的心理应激反应现状并分析相关因素,为调控其心理应激反应提供参考依据。方法:使用修订版事件影响量表(IES-R)、一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)调查广州地区7所新冠感染者定点救治医院的263名急诊护士的心理应激反应、心理健康水平及应对方式。结果:急诊护士IES-R总分为(28.1±14.8)分,心理应激反应检出率分别为轻度37.6%、中度39.3%、重度13.3%。多重线性回归分析显示,女性、本科及以上受教育程度的护士IES-R得分较高(β=0.11、0.12,均P<0.05),IES-R总分与GHQ-12得分、SCSQ消极应对得分与担心自己感染新冠肺炎程度呈正向关联(β=0.39、0.30、0.24,均P<0.05),与SCSQ积极应对得分呈负向关联(β=-0.15,P<0.05)。结论:新冠肺炎流行期,女性、受教育程度较高、心理健康水平较差、倾向消极应对方式及担心自己感染的护士心理应激反应更严重。     

A case-control study of tattoos in young suicide victims as a possible marker of risk

BACKGROUND: The goal was to examine tattooing in suicides, as tattoos have been associated with several risk factors for suicide. METHOD: A chart review of a three-year sample of 134 consecutive suicides in Mobile County, Alabama, was conducted. The prevalence of tattoos was compared between young (<30) white suicides and accidental deaths matched for age, gender and race, in a case-control study. RESULTS: Tattoos were found in 21% of suicides. Fifty-seven percent of young white suicides were tattooed compared to 29% of matched accidental deaths. LIMITATIONS: Findings are preliminary due to the small sample size. The study methodology precluded obtaining information of psychiatric diagnoses prior to death. CONCLUSIONS: Tattoos may be possible markers for lethality from both suicide and accidental death in young people, presumably because of shared risk factors such as substance abuse and personality disorder. Affective disorders should receive further, more specific studies. The clinical value of inquiring about tattoos in young people at risk of suicide needs further study.     

Suicide in young people aged 15-24: a psychological autopsy study

BACKGROUND: The suicide rate in young people in the United Kingdom has increased over the last decade. As there is a paucity of information about the characteristics of young suicides we have undertaken a detailed investigation of suicides in people aged 15-24 years by means of the psychological autopsy approach. METHODS: The sample consisted of 27 subjects (25 males, two females) whose deaths received a verdict of suicide (N=24) or undetermined cause (N=3). Information was collected from informant interviews, coroners' inquest notes, medical records and psychiatric case notes. A sub-sample of 22 male subjects was compared with an age-matched sample of male deliberate self-harm (DSH) patients. RESULTS: Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 19 (70.4%) subjects. These were most commonly depressive disorders (55.5%). Very few individuals were receiving treatment for their disorders. Substance abuse disorders were uncommon but a substantial proportion of individuals had problems with alcohol or drug misuse. Personality disorders were present in 29.6% of subjects and disorders or personality trait accentuation in 55.6%. Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders was found in a third of subjects. The suicides were often the end-point of long-term difficulties extending back to childhood or early adolescence. In addition to mental disorders, relationship and legal difficulties were identified as relatively common contributory factors to the suicides. In comparison to deliberate self-harm patients, male suicides were more likely to use dangerous methods and live alone. LIMITATIONS: Several potential informants could not be interviewed and there was no general population control sample. CONCLUSIONS: The process leading to suicide in young people is often long term, with untreated depression in the context of personality and/or relationship difficulties being a common picture at the time of death. The prevention of suicide in the young clearly requires multiple strategies.     

The role of alcohol in suicide: a case-control psychological autopsy study

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to estimate the proportion of alcohol abuse and dependence (AAD) among suicides and controls, and to compare the incidence of AAD documented by clinicians with diagnoses derived from a research protocol. METHOD: AAD according to DSM-IV was diagnosed on the basis of interviews with relatives of people who committed suicide and with controls. A total of 427 people who committed suicide during one year were paired by region, gender, age and nationality with controls randomly selected from general practitioners' lists. RESULTS: Alcohol abuse was found in 10% and alcohol dependence in 51% of suicide cases. The corresponding figures for controls were 7% and 14% respectively. AAD was a statistically significant predictor of completed suicides, while abstinence was a significant predictor for female suicides and former use a significant predictor for older male suicides. AAD was diagnosed in 68% of male and 29% of female suicides. Middle-aged (35-59 years) males who committed suicide had the highest risk of alcohol dependence. Among suicide cases only 29% had received a lifetime diagnosis of AAD, against 23% of controls. CONCLUSIONS: AAD was significantly more prevalent among suicides than controls. Overall, the proportion of male suicides affected by alcohol was the same in the present psychological autopsy study as in our previous findings for Estonia on the aggregate level, while the share of female suicides with an AAD diagnosis was dramatically higher on the individual level. AAD is markedly underdiagnosed by general practitioners and clinicians.     

心理解剖在中国自杀研究中应用的可行性

目的:通过对访谈工具的评价,对心理解剖方法进行信度和效度分析,探讨心理解剖方法在中国大陆的可行性。方法:选取自杀死亡者66例和正常对照组66例,每例访谈两个信息人同时访谈正常对照组本人,共计访谈330人。结果:从分半信度和α系数结果(r>0·6)看,各工具量表具有较高的内在一致性;从评分者信度结果看,总体上各工具量表具有较高的信度(r>0·6);以正常对照组本人作为“金标准”,信息人与本人具有较高的一致性,既具有较高的效度(r=0·21~0·61)。结论:由信息人所提供的信息具有可信性和有效性,在中国大陆自杀研究中采用心理解剖方法具有可行性。     

农村自杀者心理解剖条件Logistic回归分析

目的：应用心理解剖的方法探讨农村自杀的危险因素。方法：选择2000年～2001年辽宁省大连金州和庄河地区自杀死亡者66例，并按1：1选取对照组进行问卷调查。结果：本次研究的结果有3个因素作为自杀的重要危险因素保留在最后的方程中，分别为社会支持总分(OR=0．66，95％CI=0．48～0．91)、汉密顿抑郁总分(OR=1．18，95％CI=1．03～1．35)、神经症(OR=2594．59，95％CI=6．29～1069550)。结论：自杀并不是单一因素作用的结果，预防自杀要对多个因素共同干预。     

中青年淋巴瘤患者的心理痛苦及相关因素

目的:了解中青年淋巴瘤患者的心理痛苦现状及其相关因素。方法:选取住院中青年淋巴瘤患者145例,采用心理痛苦温度计(DT)、疾病认知问卷简版(BIPQ)和恐惧疾病进展简化量表(FoP-Q-SF)评估患者的心理痛苦程度、负性疾病认知程度和恐惧疾病进展水平。DT≥4分为显著心理痛苦(4~6分为中度心理痛苦、7~10分为重度心理痛苦)。结果:中青年淋巴瘤患者的显著心理痛苦检出率为81.4%,中度检出率为42.8%,重度检出率为38.6%。多重线性回归分析结果显示,BIPQ和FoP-Q-SF得分与心理痛苦得分正向关联(β=0.27、0.28,均P<0.05),已婚、家庭月收入较高的患者其心理痛苦程度较低(β=0.25、-0.16,均P<0.05)。结论:中青年淋巴瘤患者的显著心理痛苦检出率高,婚姻状况、家庭月收入、疾病认知和恐惧疾病进展是心理痛苦的重要相关因素。     

慢性多相性应激对老龄鼠心肌脂质过氧化和超微结构的影响

目的：探讨长期心理应激在老龄鼠心肌脂质过氧化形成和心肌超微结构损务中的作用。方法：观察经为期６周的多相性应激源（限制、旋转、拥挤）刺激后，青龄鼠（１．５月龄）和老龄鼠（１５月龄（心肌脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）活性，以及心肌天门冬酸转氨酶（ＡＳＴ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、肌酸磷酸激酶（ＣＰＫ）活性的变化，观察电镜下心肌超微结构的改变。结果     

High rate of suicide attempt and associated psychological traits in an isolated tribal population of North-East India

Background: Cases of suicide documented earlier all over the world reflect the presence of suicide behavior in primitive world at a higher rate compared to general urban population. The cause of such behavior is thought to be different among tribes and mental health was rarely presumed to be associated. In India, several ethnographic narratives described instances of suicides among several tribes, but evaluation of psychological traits were lacking. The present study on Idu Mishmi is an attempt to further validate earlier report of high rate of suicides among them and to evaluate psychological traits.     

保定市2004-2008年自杀行为流行病学分析

目的 了解急诊科自杀未遂者流行病学情况,为预防自杀和危机干预提供护理对策.方法 收集了保定市4家医院急诊科近5年内收治的2121例自杀行为者的资料,并进行了流行病学分析.结果 自杀比例女性高于男性(女性所占比例为77.56%),乡村高于城市(农村占55.68%;城市占44.32%.);自杀方式以服毒居多;91.87%自...