供应链企业间的信任机制研究

信任危机是影响我国供应链企业间合作关系的主要原因之一。在详细地论述供应链企业间信任的特征的基础上,深入地分析了信任在促进供应链正常运作中的作用,提出培养供应链企业间的相互信任是供应链管理的核心这一思想,对如何培养供应链企业间的信任作了细致的探讨,并分析借鉴了国内外知名企业在建立信任机制方面的案例。     

供应链节点企业间的信任及实现机制

用博弈论的方法分析了信任对合作的影响,在此基础上探讨了供应链节点企业问实现信任的法律机制、感情机制和信誉机制,并给出了三种机制下的定量模型。     

A note on “Modelling an industrial strategy for inventory management in supply chains: the ‘Consignment Stock’ case”

Braglia and Zavanella [2003, Modeling an industrial strategy for inventory management in supply chains: the ‘consignment stock’ care, International Journal of Production Research, 41 (16), 3793–3808] proposed an analytic formulation of consignment stock (CS) policy and made a comparison with Hill [1999, The optimal production and shipment policy for a single-vendor, single-buyer integrated production-inventory problem. International Journal of Production Research, 37 (11), 2463–2473] model. Through dividing per unit holding cost into a financial and a storage one the present note extends their conclusion and shows whether the CS model offers lower costs depends on the comparative result of buyer's and vendor's storage costs.     

面向供应链合作的信任维系协调体系的研究

为了保证节点企业合作中信任协调的合作关系,以有效地实现企业经营目标,从信任的视角提出了一个包括目标层、合作层、信任协调层、支撑层在内的供应链合作(SCC)信任维系协调的解决思路.把节点企业内、外部的供应链运作、合作行为、业务目标集成起来,给出了整体框架模型,并对基于企业目标的信任协调机制、信任金字塔和实现协调层的具体方式等关键问题进行了探讨.信任协调体系框架模型对供应链合作运作提供了一定的参照.     

Trust-embedded coordination in supply chain information sharing

This paper studies supply chain coordination with trust-embedded cost-sharing contract. In a two-tier supply chain, a retailer (she) and a supplier (he) make their private demand forecasting individually. The retailer places soft-orders, which are costless, non-verifiable and cancellable before shipping, to the supplier. After that, the supplier relies on the retailer’s ordering information to update his demand evaluation and prepare his capacity. How much the supplier relies on the retailer’s ordering information is specified by trust, which is a kind of psychological feeling and affected by multiple factors. When the supplier does not fully trust the retailer, he tends to prepare a conservative capacity to avoid over-production. To coordinate the supply chain, a two-stage coordination process is proposed. At the first stage, the supplier and retailer negotiate a cost-sharing rule to bind soft-orders. At the second stage, the retailer places a soft-order and decides whether or not to bind it referring to the cost-sharing rule. After that, the supplier determines his optimal production capacity. We show that the retailer and supplier value trust differently in the experimental studies. We also find that there is a threshold of negotiation power for the supply chain partners which means the supplier’s/retailer’s expected profit drops down if his/her negotiation power exceeds certain thresholds. The experimental studies also show that the proposed the two-stage coordination is effective.     

Methodological approaches to supply chain design1

This paper reviews methodological approaches to the design (or redesign) of the supply chain (SC), including comprehensive approaches (proposals concerning the entire process of designing the SC) and those that deal with four specific aspects of the process (definition of the SC objectives, reverse SC, finance, and generation and use of scenarios) that have a decisive influence on the whole design of the SC. The comprehensive approaches include those based on typologies of products, markets and SCs and those that propose a succession of the stages to follow through the design process. The discussion shows that the use of typologies is not adequate to face SC design and that the methods proposing a succession of stages may suit, provided that they are developed and presented in a manner appropriate to their use for practitioners. The discussion leads also to suggest several research lines.     

Effects of managerial ties and trust on supply chain information sharing and supplier opportunism

Managerial ties and trust are important factors in facilitating collaboration and reducing opportunistic behaviour. There is, however, a lack of empirical evidence on how these relational factors influence the sharing of information among supply chain partners. For example, do stronger managerial ties help to improve supply chain information sharing (SCIS) and reduce supplier opportunism? To what extent SCIS is influenced by managerial ties and trust? How do managerial ties interact with trust in influencing SCIS? Using data from 272 Chinese manufacturers, this paper examines the impact of managerial ties and trust on SCIS and supplier opportunism. The results show that, through trust managerial ties can significantly influence the extent of information sharing and the quality of the information shared. Managerial ties also have a direct impact on the extent of information sharing, but not on the quality of the information shared. The main implication for management practice is that the quality of the information shared – rather than the extent of information sharing – should be seen as the main leverage in reducing supplier opportunism.     

不同信任阈值下规避需求不确定风险的多种管理模式比较研究

制造商和供应商在需求信息交流时,双方的信息判断存在差距,由此可能会造成彼此的不信任.考虑这种不信任的程度并将其看作是一个随机变量,其中供应商对制造商不信任程度的阈值不能太大,否则无法得到博弈论的均衡决策.数值研究表明如果单位保险金和单位价格补偿相同的话,两者对于供应商的产能决策的影响是相等的.     

供应链企业间的交易成本研究

首先指出供应链是一种能够减少企业间交易成本的新的组织模式;其次,分析了供应链企业间的总成本-机会成本,交易成本与生产成本之和。供应链减少企业间交易成本的原因;信息交流、相互信任与良好的合作关系,以及供应链减少交易成本的三个阶段;接触交易,相互信任与合作联盟;最后,论述了供应链企业间交易成本的组成和影响交易成本的因素。     

A framework for designing supply chain disruptions management considering productive systems and carrier viewpoints

With the advent of the global and digital world, the number of geographically dispersed firms throughout the world has increased and the problem of Supply Chain (SC) disruption appeared as a main concern to many industries. In such context, designing disruptions management strategies for a robust SC has become a critical worldwide issue that is still under-explored. Since its design phase, this class of robust and global SC must integrate technologies and agents of production. However, the existing works only consider the Productive Systems (PSs) and the carrier viewpoint must also be considered since goods should be produced and distributed at the right quantity, at the right place and at the right time. In this complex task of designing disruptions management, a formal method must be used to integrate technologies ensuring the compliance of certain requirements, such as: developing collaborative and autonomous models, allowing reuse templates, considering analysis/simulation abilities and facilitating the interaction among engineering practitioners. Therefore, this paper presents a framework to model, analyse, control and monitor the robust and global SC, designing and integrating models with Petri Net, agent-based model techniques for disruptions management and considering both PSs and carrier viewpoints. A case study is investigated and the findings demonstrated the proposed solution supports decisions making for solving problems of design, analysis and control.     

Can small firms gain relational advantage? Exploring strategic choice and trustworthiness signals in supply chain relationships

Organisational theory explicates that partners who overcome the challenges to developing trust-based interorganisational relationships can gain a vital source of competitive advantage. However, the extant relational research focuses on large, resource-rich entities. We, by contrast and extension, investigate whether small and medium-sized firms can leverage supply chain relationships for competitive advantage. Specifically, power imbalances and resource constraints are additional challenges common to small firms that may diminish their desire and ability to pursue relational advantage. However, we posit that effective, trust-based governance can enable small and medium-sized firms to overcome their unique challenges to enter more collaborative relationships and thereby improve operational and firm performance. Our findings from a survey of manufacturing firms provide evidence that small and medium-sized firms can gain performance benefits when they (1) make the conscious choice to pursue trust-based collaboration and (2) strategically demonstrate trustworthiness.     

电网企业供应链建模及其应用

针对在当前国内外经济发生剧烈变化形势下的电网企业应对策略问题,运用供应链及复杂系统理论,构建了包含电力工业供应链和电力生产/建设项目供应链两维度的电网企业供应链模型.电网企业供应链表现为市场机制拉动与计划机制推动的双重作用、不对称长链与对称短链并存、主辅供应链相互传导影响制约的特征.结合应用实例,从供应链战略管理、结构重构、敏捷性及差异性互补等方面提出了基于电网企业供应链的具体应对措施.     

基于MAS的供应链管理及其IT技术方案

提出将供应链管理作为一种跨组织系统，结合多代理人系统(MAS)模型，通过运用CORBA这种中间技术，为供应链的运作提供了一种可行的IT方案。研究结果表明：适当的IT技术的应用可以减少供应链系统的不确定性，降低交易成本。     

供应链的竞争力——顾客满意

从供应链管理的角度对顾客满意进行了分析,指出了让最终顾客更满意应成为供应链全体成员的共同目标,而顾客满意的实质是顾客获得超出他们承担的产品价格以上的那部分“价值”。     

关于建筑业供应链管理问题的探讨

供应链管理是一种全新的管理模式,即把供应链上的各个企业作为一个不可分割的、协调发展的有机体。建筑业虽然与制造业不同,但却是典型的订单式生产,在建筑业实施供应链管理具有重要意义。本文主要探讨在建筑业实施供应链管理的可能性和作用,论述建筑业供应链管理的方法以及有待进一步研究的问题。     

Integrated planning in supply chains with buy-side and sell-side marketplaces

In this paper we develop a quadratic programming model for partner selection and planning in integrated supply chain networks embedded with both sell-side and buy-side electronic marketplaces. Such a scenario arises in several practical applications. In particular, we consider a contract manufacturer who procures components from suppliers through a component marketplace and sells its manufactured sub-assemblies to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), through a sub-assembly marketplace. In these web-enabled supply chains, embedded with upstream and downstream electronic marketplaces, we need methods for online supply-chain partner selection based on pricing and delivery schedules. In this paper, we develop and present such a model that selects partners, synchronizes supply chain activities and optimizes the profit through optimal revenue pricing and cost minimization.