联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术

肝癌的完整切除是肝癌患者获得根治性治疗效果的最主要途径,切除术后足够的剩余肝脏体积是避免肝衰竭的必要条件.为了达到上述目的,近年来,一种全新手术方式——联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)已见报道.本研究回顾性分析2013年4月复旦大学附属中山医院收治的1例传统手术不能切除的巨大肝癌患者行ALPPS的临床资料.第1步手术先结扎门静脉右支,再在镰状韧带的右侧,原位劈离肝左外叶和左内叶.距离第1次手术7d后,剩余肝脏体积由术前291 ml增加至579ml,第8天即行第2步扩大右半肝切除术.ALPPS这一创新技术为不能切除的肝癌患者提供了治愈的希望.     

联合肝脏离断和门静脉切断二步肝切除术在肝炎后肝硬化肝癌中的应用

目的：探讨联合肝脏离断和门静脉切断二步肝切除术（ALPPS）在肝炎后肝硬化肝癌患者治疗中应用价值。 方法：回顾性分析2014年3月中南大学湘雅医院收治的1例乙型病毒肝炎（HBV）相关性肝癌患者行ALPPS的临床资料。 结果：患者术前评估未来剩余肝脏体积约占标准肝体积的20.2%。患者一期行右侧门静脉离断和左、右半肝原位劈离;患者一期手术后9 d,剩余肝脏体积达标准肝体积的38.8%后,二期行右半肝含肿瘤切除。两次手术时间分别为255 min和297 min,出血量分别为260 mL和350 mL。术后肝功能持续平稳。术后21 d出院。术后2个月随访,未见复发转移,HBV-DNA定量和AFP均在正常范围之内。 结论：对于HBV非活动期合并肝硬化的肝癌可适度扩大ALPPS手术指征,手术仍然安全可行。     

对“联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术”的述评

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)是一个非常新的外科手术.该手术主要针对因未来剩余肝脏体积较小而不能接受大范围肝切除术的T分期较晚的肝癌患者而设计的.ALPPS第1步手术后,患者剩余肝脏对手术的反应非常强烈,使得肝脏体积急剧增生.因而可在第1步手术后1周左右施行第2步手术以切除所有肝内肿瘤(R0切除).本文追溯ALPPS的发展历史,描述该手术的传统步骤和手术的偏离等情况,分析该手术的短期疗效.尽管ALPPS后零死亡已有报道,但初步的研究结果表明:ALPPS的手术死亡率和并发症发生率仍然较高.ALPPS后尚没有明确的长远治疗肿瘤效果的报道.该手术在肝硬化肝癌患者中能否安全施行尚有疑问.     

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术治疗肝硬化巨大肝癌2例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)治疗肝硬化巨大肝癌的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性分析2014年8月和2015年1月东南大学附属中大医院行ALPPS治疗的2例合并肝硬化的右肝巨大肝癌患者的临床资料,通过围手术期指标和术后随访资料评价疗效。结果:2例患者第一步手术行门静脉右支结扎和左右半肝原位劈离,第一步手术后2例患者的剩余肝体积均迅速增大,患者1术后6 d,剩余肝体积达到704.8 m L,占标准肝体积的60.3%;患者2术后11 d,剩余肝体积达到771.3 m L,占标准肝体积的63.6%。2例患者第二步手术行扩大右半肝切除术。第一步手术时间分别为240 min和210 min,术中出血均为600 m L;第二步手术时间为300 min和325 min,术中出血为1000 m L和800 m L。围手术期无死亡及术后严重并发症发生。术后随访6个月,均无新发肝内外转移。结论:ALPPS治疗肝硬化巨大肝癌是安全可行的。     

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术在肝脏肿瘤治疗中的应用

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术（ALPPS）是近年提出的一种手术方式,分两次完成,第1次手术包括门静脉结扎、在待切除肝和需保留肝之间离断肝实质,待剩余肝脏体积增大后再行第2次手术切除病肝。ALPPS主要目的是使剩余肝脏体积快速增长,为那些原来不能切除的肝脏恶性肿瘤的患者提供可根治性切除的机会。本文综述了近几年ALPPS方面的研究,从演变过程、手术方法、适用范围、存在争论的问题和近几年的研究现状等方面进行了总结和分析,并对以后的发展方向提出了展望。     

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎二步肝切除术治疗巨大原发性肝细胞癌1例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术（ALPPS）治疗巨大原发性肝细胞癌的安全性及有效性。方法 回顾性分析2014年12月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院行ALPPS的１例右肝巨大肝细胞癌并门静脉三个分支病人的临床资料,第一步手术结扎门静脉右支并原位劈离肝左外叶和左内叶,第二步行肝脏右三叶切除术。结果 第一步手术7 d后,剩余肝脏体积由术前281 mL增加至606 mL,术后第7天肝功能恢复正常。第一步术后第8天行第二步手术,术后第5天肝功恢复正常。结论 ALPPS为残余肝脏体积不足的巨大肝癌病人提供了新的治疗选择。     

全腹腔镜ALPPS治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤(附三例报告及文献复习)

目的探讨全腹腔镜联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,ALPPS)治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的治疗选择。方法回顾性分析2019年中国科学技术大学附属第一医院肝脏外科行全腹腔镜ALPPS治疗的1例直肠癌术后肝脏多发转移和2例巨块型肝癌的临床资料,分析围手术期检查指标和术后随访结果以评价该术式的临床应用价值。结果第一步手术均在腹腔镜下行门静脉右支结扎和原位肝实质离断+胆囊切除术,第一次和第二次术前三维可视化结果显示,3例病例术前两次预估剩余肝脏体积分别为221 ml和364 ml,320 ml和532 ml以及332 ml和422 ml,预留肝脏体积较前增加了65%、66%和27%,在剩余肝脏体积比达到安全标准后第二步手术行解剖性右三叶肝切除术,术后对症治疗肝功能逐渐恢复,围手术期无死亡及其他严重并发症,随访至今未见肿瘤复发、无远处转移。结论全腹腔镜下可以安全地、有效地开展ALPPS,预留肝脏短期内能代偿增生。腹腔镜ALPPS为复杂的肝脏恶性肿瘤创造了手术切除的可能性。     

腹腔镜辅助联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二期肝切除术治疗伴有轻-中度肝硬化的原发性肝细胞癌（附7例报告）

目的 分析腹腔镜辅助联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二期肝切除术（ALPPS）治疗伴有轻-中度肝硬化的较晚期巨大肝癌的安全性、有效性和微创性。方法 回顾性分析2013年8月至2014年10月中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院行腹腔镜辅助下ALPPS治疗伴有轻-中度肝硬化巨大原发性右肝肝癌7例的临床资料。第1期行腹腔镜下门静脉右支结扎＋肝实质离断术,待未来剩余肝脏体积（FLR）增生后行第2期开腹肝脏右三叶切除术,并对围手术期结果和近期肿瘤学疗效进行分析。结果 7例均行全腹腔镜下的第1期肝脏离断和门静脉结扎术,其中4例FLR扩增达标,行第2期开腹肝脏右三叶切除术。第1期平均手术时间（192.9±35.9）min,第2期平均手术时间（210.0±73.9）min,平均FLR增生率35.6%,围手术期无严重并发症及死亡发生。术后随访1年,平均至肿瘤复发时间为178.7 d。结论 在有经验的肝胆外科中心对选择性病人实施腹腔镜辅助ALPPS是可行的,对轻度肝硬化以下的原发性肝细胞癌病人实施腹腔镜下门静脉右支结扎和肝脏离断能有效刺激FLR明显扩增,并具有相对较低的并发症发生率和病死率,围手术期相对安全,为FLR不足的较晚期巨大肝癌病人提供了一个治疗选择。     

全腹腔镜前入路经肝后隧道绕肝带结扎并门静脉结扎的分期肝切除术治疗肝硬变肝癌

目的探讨全腹腔镜下前入路经肝后隧道绕肝带结扎和门静脉结扎分期肝切除术(ALTPS)在乙肝肝硬变肝癌患者治疗中的应用价值。方法 2014年9月,笔者所在医院收治1例合并肝硬变的右肝原发性肝癌患者,采用全腹腔镜前入路ALTPS方案:一期手术行腹腔镜下门静脉右支结扎,前入路肝后间隙放置绕肝带结扎肝正中裂,不离断肝实质;一期手术10 d后再行全腹腔镜下右半肝切除术。结果术前评估行右半肝切除术后剩余肝脏体积(FLR)为301.48 m L,占标准肝脏体积的29.1%,占体质量的0.49%。一期手术后4 d,FLR为496.45 m L,占标准肝体积的47.9%,占体质量的0.81%,FLR较术前增加64.67%;术后第8天FLR为510.96 m L,占标准肝脏体积的49.3%,占体质量的0.84%,FLR较术前增加69.48%。术后第10天,二期行全腹腔镜右半肝切除术,二期手术后5 d,测残肝体积为704.53 m L。两次手术时间分别为180 min和220 min,出血量分别为50 m L和400 m L。术后恢复良好,术后7 d出院。结论作为联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)的一种更简便、安全、微创及更符合肿瘤学原则的改良,前入路全腹腔镜下ALTPS也能使残肝在短期内快速增生,并且对合并肝硬变的肝癌手术仍然安全可行。     

ALPPS促进剩余肝脏快速增生机制及相关因素研究进展

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPSS)是近年来发展起来的一种新型二步肝切除术。ALPPS最大特点是能够在短期内促进剩余肝脏体积(FLR)快速急剧增生,相比传统二步肝切除术,具有更高二期手术完成率和R_0切除率,让因FLR不足而无法行根治性切除的肝癌患者有了治愈的希望。笔者对ALPPS促进FLR快速增生机制及相关因素研究进展进行综述。     

The impact of using a 4K 3D surgical microscope during associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A case report with operative video

IntroductionAssociated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is complicated by bile leakage or liver failure, especially in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Precise surgical performance supported by high quality intraoperative surgical visualization is essential to prevent mortality. Therefore, we aimed to investigate, for the first time, the effects of introducing a surgical microscope (ORBEYE™) intraoperatively during a stage I ALPPS.Presentation of caseThe patient was a 77-year-old male patient with a 9-cm right hepatic lobe HCC. 4K-3D surgical microscope-assisted ALPPS was performed to manage the insufficient future liver remnant following right lobectomy. Hilar dissection was performed first; thereafter, the right portal vein was ligated, and the right hepatic artery and right hepatic vein were encircled by surgical tape. The parenchyma was split along the ischemic demarcation line with indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence navigation using the microscope. The remnant liver volume and function increased without postoperative complications.DiscussionLaparoscopic approach for ALPPS benefits from enhanced intraoperative visualization in a deep, narrow operative field. However, a laparoscopic procedure requires an experienced learning curve and a longer operation time, whereas using the 4 K 3D digital microscope requires no technical demand. Secondly, it provided an excellent operative view during ALPPS.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report on the intraoperative application of the ORBEYE™ surgical microscope in hepatic surgery with 4K3D imaging and ICG-fluorescence navigation, which minimized the invasiveness of ALPPS and ensured high safety and precision.     

绕肝提拉法在联合肝脏离断和门静脉切断二步肝切除术中的应用

目的：探讨绕肝提拉法（LHM）在联合肝脏离断和门静脉切断二步肝切除术（ALPPS）中的应用效果。方法：回顾性分析4例原发性肝细胞癌行ALPPS术患者临床资料,其中肝右叶肿瘤3例,肝尾状叶肿瘤1例,均采用LHM法导引的一期左、右肝脏原位劈离,右门静脉切断;二期行肿瘤完整切除。结果：4例均预先游离肝脏,成功安置弹力带,顺利实施二期肝切除术;一期手术时间195~273（232.2±35.3）min,术中失血420~1210（735±344.3）mL,并发胆瘘1例;二期手术时间98~186（139.5±36.6）min,术中失血100~320（197.5±95.3）mL;无手术死亡;术后随访3个月,3例情况良好,1例术后2个月复发死亡。结论：LHM法对于下腔静脉的保护,充分显露左右肝动脉、肝静脉、肝内胆管有较好的效果,可常规适用于肝肿瘤ALPPS二步肝切除术。     

门静脉和肝动脉结扎序贯二步法肝切除术治疗巨大肝癌

巨大肝癌切除术后剩余肝脏体积不足是发生肝衰竭的主要原因.通过阻断一侧的门静脉和肝动脉,使肿瘤降低分期,增加对侧术后剩余肝脏体积,成为目前切除巨大肝癌的方法之一.2013年3-4月厦门大学附属第一医院收治的1例原发性右半肝巨大肝癌患者,因肝脏剩余体积不足,术者一期行选择性门静脉及肝动脉结扎术后,序贯二期行肝切除术.患者2次手术均顺利完成,一期行门静脉右支及肝右动脉结扎术,术后肝肿瘤体积缩小,剩余左半肝代偿性增生良好,肝脏体积由术前488 mL增加到术后1个月689 mL.一期手术后33 d顺利实施二期巨大肝癌肝切除术,2次术后均无严重并发症发生.术后随访2个月,患者剩余肝脏未见肿瘤复发,AFP由术前425 mg/L降至26×10^-3mg/L.因此,选择性门静脉及肝动脉结扎后序贯二步法肝切除术可能是传统手术无法切除的巨大肝癌患者有效的治疗方法.     

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??Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy for HCC with liver cirrhosis??A report of 1 case HONG De-fei*??LIU He-chun??PENG Shu-you??et al. *Department of Hepatobiliarypancreatic Surgery??Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital??Hangzhou 310014??China
Corresponding author??HONG De-fei??E-mail??hongdefi@163.com
Abstract Objective To discuss the safety and effectiveness of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) in hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with liver cirrhosis. Methods ALPPS was performed for 1 cases of huge HCC on right liver complicated with liver cirrhosis on March 7, 2014 in Department of Hepatobiliarypancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital. Data of perioperative period were recorded and analyzed. The surgical plan includes??first??S??S?? and S?? segment were dissected with an anterior in situ approach and right portal vein was ligated. After 15 days, a combination of antegrade and retrograde approach were applied in right liver lobectomy. Results The remnant liver volume was 460.8 mL before the first step of operation??which was increased by 65.0% to 760.2 mL before the second step of operation. The standard whole liver volume was 1019.3 mL. The standard remnant liver volume was 320 mL/m2 before the first step of operation??and was 527.9 mL/m2 before the second step of operation??which accounted for 31.4% and 52.0% of the standard whole liver volume respectively. The operative time for the first step and second step of operation was 188 min and 124 min. The intraoperative bleeding was 2000 mL and 400 mL respectivey. The time for restore to normal liver function postoperatively was 6 d and 4 d. Complication of minimal bile leakage??ascites and partial arterial thrombosis in lower lobe of right lung occurred after the first step of operation. No complication occurred after the second step of operation. The patients were discharged 10 d postoperatively. Conclusion The modified ALPPS provides a new strategy for the cases of HCC with cirrhosis who couldn’t tolerate the radical resection due to the insufficient remnant liver volume.     

前入路绕肝悬吊解剖性肝右三叶切除术治疗巨大肝癌

前入路肝切除术是指先离断肝实质后游离肝脏的肝切除方法;绕肝悬吊是指在肝后下腔静脉前方放置悬吊带,供在切肝过程中提起肝脏.2011年10月中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院采用前入路、绕肝悬吊、解剖性肝右三叶切除术治疗1例54岁男性肝癌患者.肿瘤位于肝左内叶和右半肝,长径约16 cn.术前肿瘤分期为ⅢA期,T3N0M0;术前评估ICG R15为5.4％,肝左外叶肝脏体积占标准肝脏体积的44％;左肝管受压、轻度扩张.术中首先分离、切断入肝血流,包括肝右动脉、门静脉右支、肝中动脉、门静脉左内叶分支;然后在镰状韧带的右侧离断肝实质,期间在肝后下腔静脉前打隧道并悬吊肝脏;切断右肝管;接着分离、切断肝中静脉和肝右静脉;游离肝周韧带,移出肝右二叶;最后行左肝管、肝总管端端吻合.手术时间为4h,术中出血量为350 mL.患者术后康复顺利,术后4个月复查MRCP示胆管吻合口通畅,肝内未见肿瘤复发.     

体外肝切除联合剩余肝脏自体移植治疗特殊位置肝癌

Ex-vivo liver resection is developed based on liver transplantation and technique of cold preservation of organs.It overcomes the shortcomings of time limit of warm ischemia and high technique demand of hepatectomy of tumors located at critical sites.A 58-year-old woman with hepatocellular carcinoma located close to the middle hepatic vein combined with invasion of right hepatic vein was admitted to Southwest Hospital.Because of the critical tumor site,conventional liver resection Wag assessed as impossible.Ex-vivo liver resection was performed,and a vessel patch from an organ wag harvested to repair the defect of the right hepatic vein,and then the liver remnant was subsequently autotransplanted.After operation,the patient recovered smoothly without venous outflow complication.Bile leakage wag observed on postoperative day 23,and the maximnm volume of intraperitoneal drainage wag 200 ml per 24 hours.Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage Was performed and the volume of intraperitoneal drainage gradually decreased to none.Liver function of the patient was back to normal and with no tumor recurrence at the end of 6 months of follow up.Ex-vivoliver resection is beneficial to patients with centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma with the involvement of hepatic vein and inferior vena cava.     

ALPPS Procedure with the Use of Pneumoperitoneum

Background

A new method for liver hypertrophy was recently introduced, the so-called associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) procedure. We present a video of an ALPPS procedure with the use of pneumoperitoneum.

Methods

A 29-year-old woman with colon cancer and synchronous liver metastasis underwent a two-stage liver resection by the ALPPS technique because of an extremely small future liver remnant.

Results

The first operation began with 30 min pneumoperitoneum. Anatomical resection of segment 2 was performed, followed by multiple enucleations on the left liver. The right portal vein was ligated and the liver partitioned. The abdominal cavity was partially closed, and a 10 mm trocar was left to create a pneumoperitoneum for additional 30 min. The patient had an adequate future liver remnant volume after 7 days, but she was not clinically fit for the second stage of therapy, so it was postponed. She was discharged on day 7 after surgery. The second stage took place 3 weeks later and consisted of an en-bloc right trisectionectomy extended to segment 1. The patient recovered and was discharged 9 days after second-stage surgery. Postoperative CT scan revealed an enlarged remnant liver.

Conclusions

The ALPPS procedure is a new revolutionary technique that permits R0 resection even in patients with massive liver metastasis. The use of pneumoperitoneum during the first stage is an easy tool that may prevent hard adhesions, allowing an easier second stage. This video may help oncological surgeons to perform and standardize this challenging procedure.     

ALPPS可能是治疗预留肝体积不足的伴门静脉癌栓肝细胞癌的有效方法

目的 提供联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)应用于门静脉癌栓病例中的经验,初步探讨其在门静脉癌栓病例治疗中的价值和进一步发展方向.方法 对解放军总医院肝胆外科2015年7月-2016年12月收治的3例应用于门静脉癌栓的ALPPS手术进行回顾性分析,采集患者基本信息、术前门静脉癌栓分型、术前肝功能Child-Pugh分级、ICG试验结果、预留肝体积、预留肝体积增长率、两期手术的手术时间、出血量、术后并发症情况、术后生存情况等关键临床数据,并结合文献进行讨论分析.结果 3例患者均完成ALPPS手术.根据门静脉癌栓的程树群分型,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型2例.一期术前肝功能均为Child-Pugh A级,ICG R15平均为7.3％(4.2％～11.0％),平均预留肝体积387 ml(333 ～484 ml).两期手术平均间隔时间为24.7 d(9～50 d),平均预留肝体积的增长率为50.3％ (24.4％ ～ 82.3％).术后Clavien-DindoⅢ级以上的并发症1例,未出现死亡患者.截至2017年2月,2例患者因肿瘤复发行肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,效果良好.所有患者均生存情况良好.解剖二期手术标本,均见癌栓坏死.结论 对于门静脉癌栓Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的低预留肝体积患者,ALPPS是一种能够有效控制癌栓、提高根治性切除率的有价值的手术方式,结合肝动脉化疗栓塞等治疗方式有望进一步提高治疗效果.     

125例肝癌解剖性肝切除的技术总结

目的 总结解剖性肝切除治疗肝癌的技术方法.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2006年12月复旦大学附属中山医院经解部性肝切除治疗125例单发肝癌患者的临床资料.肝切除前预先选择性阻断欲切除部分肝脏的出入血流;肝外解剖、结扎门静脉及肝动脉主要分支,然后将缺血肝表面颜色转暗区整块切除.采用血管钳沿电刀标志预切线钳夹、破碎切面肝组织.左右肝管断端应用Prolene线连续缝合;对直径＞10 cm的巨大肿瘤借助肝脏悬吊法行前径路切除;用纱布或通过注入美蓝检查肝断面防止术后胆汁漏的发生.结果 125例单发肝癌患者术中平均出血量为250 ml(100～6000 ml),其中93例不需输血.术后并发症发生率为23%(29/125).术后30 d内无手术死亡.术后经动脉造影检查6%(5/83)的患者有癌残留.结论 解剖性肝切除可增加手术安全性,防止损伤供应剩余肝脏的大血管,提高手术疗效.