基于位置信息重建与时频域信息融合的脑电信号情感识别

脑电信号由中枢神经系统产生,具有很高的真实性,但存在数据量少和数据复杂等问题.为提高脑电信号情感识别准确率,在脑电信号功率谱密度的基础上提出一种脑电位置信息重建的方法,使神经网络模型可以直接获取脑电信号中不易学习的位置信息.运用融合网络从原始的脑电信号中分别抽取时域特征和频域特征,根据频域信息重建脑电信号的位置信息,将时频域信息及位置信息进行融合,以获得更高的脑电信号情感分类准确率.在公开数据集DEAP上的实验结果表明,Valence和Arousal的二分类准确率分别达到86.31％和85.57％,与传统脑电信号情感识别方法相比,该方法分类准确率得到有效提高.     

基于位置信息重建与时频域信息融合的脑电信号情感识别

脑电信号由中枢神经系统产生,具有很高的真实性,但存在数据量少和数据复杂等问题.为提高脑电信号情感识别准确率,在脑电信号功率谱密度的基础上提出一种脑电位置信息重建的方法,使神经网络模型可以直接获取脑电信号中不易学习的位置信息.运用融合网络从原始的脑电信号中分别抽取时域特征和频域特征,根据频域信息重建脑电信号的位置信息,将时频域信息及位置信息进行融合,以获得更高的脑电信号情感分类准确率.在公开数据集DEAP上的实验结果表明,Valence和Arousal的二分类准确率分别达到86.31％和85.57％,与传统脑电信号情感识别方法相比,该方法分类准确率得到有效提高.     

组合方法在脑电信号消噪中的仿真研究

研究脑电信号消噪问题.脑电信号存在非平稳性且包括大量的噪声,传统的消噪算法不能很好消除脑电信号中的噪声,从而影响后继的脑电信号处理和分析.为了更好的消除脑电信号噪声,提出一种小波变换与自适应滤波相结合的脑电信号组合消噪方法.该方法首先对含噪的脑电信号进行白化处理,然后采用小波分解和重构含噪较大的信号,将重构后的信号作为自适应滤波器的输入,进行自适应滤波消噪处理.仿真结果表明,组合去噪方法能有效去除脑电信号中的噪声干扰.     

脑电信号小波分析系统在Windows界面下实现100Hz数据的采集

脑电信号小波分析系统是一个在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ３．１下开发的用小波变换的方法处理脑电信号的处理系统。该系统采用Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ３．１提供的函数实现１００ＨＺ数据的采样     

基于虚拟仪器的脑电信号分析和处理系统的设计

作为一种新兴的计算机技术,虚拟仪器技术的发展为生物医学仪器的发展带来了广阔的前景。利用虚拟仪器做为平台,完成两个主要部分:一是对象基本信息的存储和管理部分,主要完成功能包括所有人信息的整体存储和显示,以及单个对象基本信息的添加、调用、删除等操作;二是脑电信号波形显示和分析与处理部分,可以实现空域滤波和巴特沃斯滤波、功率谱估计、时域和频域的特征值提取及简单线性分类。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的脑电信号采集与分析系统

本系统利用虚拟仪器技术,实现了16导联脑电信号的实时采集与处理,并针对脑电信号的特点,运用小波变换对脑电信号进行分析处理,以达到对脑部疾病的辅助治疗的目的。该系统具有良好的实时性和通用性,可用于对儿童注意力缺陷和多动症(ADHD)的诊断与治疗,也可应用于其他脑电反馈治疗。     

一种基于SA4多小波的脑电信号消噪方法

为了在脑电信号消噪时更好地保留细节信息,提出了一种基于SA4多小波的脑电信号消噪方法.采用重复采样预滤波方法对脑电信号预处理,利用SA4多小波分解算法处理并得到多维多小波系数.对各层多小波系数软阈值处理后,进行多小波重构得到消噪后的脑电信号.仿真结果表明,相比于db4小波算法,SA4多小波算法能使脑电信号具有更佳的信噪比和均方误差,并能减少消噪时的信息丢失.     

脑电信号在情感识别中的应用

针对如何在情感识别中有效处理脑电信号和提取有用信息的问题,对实验采集的脑电信号进行小波包分解,通过对相关频段信号的重构,提取出脑电信号中能用于情感状态识别的β波节律,对其在不同情感状态下进行谱分析。仿真实验结果表明,将脑电信号中的β波节律用于情感状态识别是可行的。     

基于脑电(EEG)信号的“愉快-不愉快”情绪分析

脑电是目前研究脑科学的重要方法之一。情绪变化可以导致脑电信号的差异,本文运用小波分析以及EEGLAB工具箱对"愉快-不愉快"这两种情绪状态下的脑电(EEG)信号进行差异化分析,然后定量地找出不同情绪状态下的信号差别,最终实现人体情绪的可视化。该研究的方法和分析结果为研究老师、学生、海员等工作或学习压力比较大的职业群体的情绪变化提供了较好的参考价值。     

基于小波包的LMD在EEG信号分析中的研究

脑电信号(Electroencephalograph,EEG)是一种产生自脑神经细胞活动的极其微弱的电位反映,同时也是一种非平稳、非线性的电信号。针对脑电信号在采集过程中易受到外界噪声干扰的问题,为了降低脑电信号中噪声的含量,提高脑电信号分解效率,提出了一种基于小波包的局部均值分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)方法。该方法主要利用小波包对采集到的脑电信号进行去噪预处理,再通过局部均值分解进行分析。仿真实验结果表明,采用经过小波包去噪预处理的LMD分解能够有效地去除原始信号中的高频噪声,使得局部均值分解效率提高,且能够有效消除噪声分量对分解过程和结果的影响。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).