1-甲基-3-(3-丙磺酸基)咪唑硫酸氢盐在一些溶剂中的溶解度(英文)

Ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([C3SO3HMIM][HSO4]) was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra. Its thermal stability was also examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The mole fraction solubilities of [C3SO3HMIM][HSO4]) in 12 selected solvents (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, acetone, 2-butanone, 3-methyl-2-butanone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane) in the temperature range from 289.15 to 363.15 K were measured using a static analytical method and correlated with an empirical equation.     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺盐离子液体的热稳定性和热分解动力学(英文)

Thermal stability and thermal decomposition kinetics of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([bmin+][N(CN) ]2-) were investigated using both isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) under high pure nitrogen as carrier gas. The long-term thermogravimetric studies revealed that the highest temperature used should be 110 °C, at which [bmin+][N(CN)2-] lost less than 10% by mass in 10 hours. The non-isothermal activation energy values determined using Friedman and ASTM methods were (150±13) and (147±2) kJ·mol –1 , respectively. Multivariate non-linear-regression methods showed that expanded Fn and CnB models were the best fit models with highest correlation coefficient of 0.9994, and the apparent activation energies were consistent with iso-conversional methods.     

氯代1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体的合成

主要研究离子液体氯代1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑的合成方法,分别采用传统法和微波法制取离子液体,实验结果表明:在n(烯丙基氯):n(N-甲基咪唑)=1.4:1.反应时间为11 h,反应温度为55℃的最优条件下收率可达到91.07%,而在其它条件不变的情况,微波法可以大大提高反应速度并且可以提高收率.     

三元铁基离子液体-乙醇-水体系的湿法烟气脱硫性能研究(英文)

Fe-based ionic liquid(Fe-IL) was synthesized by mixing FeCl3?6H2O and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim]Cl in this paper.The phase diagram of a ternary Fe-IL,ethanol and water system was investigated to construct a ternary desulfurization solution for wet flue gas desulfurization.The effects of flow rate and concen-tration of SO2,reaction temperature,pH and Fe-IL fraction in aqueous desulfurization solution on the desulfuriza-tion efficiency were investigated.The results shows that the best composition of ternary desulfurization solution of Fe-IL,ethanol and water is 1︰1.5︰3 by volume ratio,and pH should be controlled at 2.0.Under such conditions,a desulfurization rate greater than 90% could be obtained.The product of sulfuric acid had inhibition effect on the wet desulfurization process.With applying this new ternary desulfurization solution,not only the catalyst Fe-IL can be recycled and reused,but also the product sulfuric acid can be separated directly from the ternary desulfurization system.     

超声波对氯代1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体合成的强化

采用超声波辅助加热回流的方法合成了氯代1–烯丙基–3–甲基咪唑离子液体([AMIM]Cl),并对其进行了紫外光谱(UV)和傅利叶红外光谱(FT–IR)表征。考察了反应物摩尔比、反应时间和超声波功率对离子液体的收率和纯度的影响,探讨了超声波对合成反应的强化效应。实验结果表明超声波能强化[AMIM]Cl的合成,明显缩短合成时间,且其强化效应受反应物摩尔比的影响较小,而与超声波功率紧密相关。[AMIM]Cl适宜的合成条件为反应温度50℃、反应时间2h、氯丙烯与1–甲基咪唑的摩尔比1.4、超声波功率100W,此时离子液体的收率和纯度分别为94.4%和99.2%。     

氯化胆碱·xZnCl_2离子液体在生物柴油制备中的应用(英文)

The inexpensive and moisture-stable Lewis-acidic ionic liquids were prepared and applied for transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel.The influences of molar ratio of methanol to soybean oil,reaction temperature and amount of ionic liquids were investigated.The transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel catalyzed by choline chloride·xZnCl2 ionic liquids showed many advantages such as mild conditions and lower cost.On the other hand,the non-ideal yield and complicated separation between biodiesel and soybean oil were also investigated and analyzed.The improvement on the systems of choline chloride·xZnCl2 was proposed for further investigation.     

纤维二糖在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐中的结构动力学特性

开展分子动力学模拟探索不同压力条件下纤维素的基本结构单元--纤维二糖在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（[C₄mim]Cl）中的结构动力学特征。研究结果表明,高压环境使二糖分子内氢键网络结构瓦解,二糖与阴阳离子间相互作用增强,形成溶质-溶剂间氢键。借助空间分布函数得到常压及高压环境下二糖分子周围溶剂层分布特征,并通过径向分布函数定量考察了纤维二糖/离子液体体系分子间与分子内的氢键特征,为在化学键水平上认识纤维素在离子液体中溶解机制提供必要的理论基础。     

纤维二糖在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐中的结构动力学特性

开展分子动力学模拟探索不同压力条件下纤维素的基本结构单元——纤维二糖在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C_4mim]Cl)中的结构动力学特征。研究结果表明,高压环境使二糖分子内氢键网络结构瓦解,二糖与阴阳离子间相互作用增强,形成溶质-溶剂间氢键。借助空间分布函数得到常压及高压环境下二糖分子周围溶剂层分布特征,并通过径向分布函数定量考察了纤维二糖/离子液体体系分子间与分子内的氢键特征,为在化学键水平上认识纤维素在离子液体中溶解机制提供必要的理论基础。     

1-(3-(N-胱胺)丙基)-3-甲基咪唑溴离子液体的合成与表征

以1,3-二溴丙烷与N-甲基咪唑为原料,制备1-溴丙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐离子液体。采用二叔丁基二碳酸酯保护胱胺的单侧氨基,然后再与1-溴丙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐发生取代反应生成1-(3-(N-胱胺)丙基)-3-甲基咪唑溴离子液体;分别用核磁、红外对中间体和产物进行表征,结果表明我们成功合成了新型氨基功能化离子液体。     

溴化1-(α-甲基丙烯酸)-3-甲基咪唑离子液体的合成

以丙二酸二乙酯为原料,经过碳负离子反应、卤化反应和离子化反应3步合成了标题化合物,3步反应总收率为24.63%.其结构经1HNMR和IR表征.     

Electrodeposition Behaviour of Cadmium Telluride from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid

Voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode was used to study the electrochemical deposition of Cd–Te from the Lewis basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/tetrafluoroborate air-stable room temperature ionic liquid between 80 °C and 140 °C. Deposition of tellurium alone occurs through a four-electron reduction of Te(iv) to Te which could be further reduced to Te(-ii) at a more negative potential. The Cd–Te electrodeposits could be obtained by the underpotential deposition (UPD) of Cd on the deposited Te. The UPD of Cd on Te was, however, limited by a slow charge transfer rate. Samples of Cd–Te electrodeposits were prepared on tungsten and titanium substrates and characterized by energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The results showed that an excess amount of Cd(ii) was required in order to prepare CdTe codeposits with a Cd/Te atomic ratio approached 1/1. The deposit composition was independent of the deposition potential within the Cd UPD range. Raising the deposition temperature increased the UPD rate of Cd and promoted the formation polycrystalline CdTe.     

离子液体中金属的电沉积

与普通有机溶剂相比,室温离子液体具有很宽的电化学窗口,优良的导电性,不挥发,热稳定性较高等优点.离子液体作为新一代绿色溶剂正日益受到重视.将离子液体分为AlCl3型离子液体和非AlCl3型离子液体两类,分别评述了在这两类离子液体中金属电沉积的研究进展.     

离子液体金属电沉积研究进展

室温离子液体具有很宽的电化学窗口、优良的导电性、不挥发、热稳定性较高等优点.离子液体在化学反应、分离提纯、电化学等方面都有着广泛的应用,作为新一代绿色溶剂正日益受到重视.系统介绍了在离子液体中电化学沉积各种金属的研究进展,并展望了离子液体电沉积未来的发展趋势.     

添加剂对氯铝酸离子液体催化异丁烯齐聚反应的影响

含有AlCl4-和/或Al2Cl7-阴离子的氯铝酸离子液体对异丁烯齐聚反应有很强的催化活性,但反应的选择性较差。改变离子液体本身的阴、阳离子种类不能提高反应的选择性。在氯铝酸离子液体中引入Cu+进行改性,改性后离子液体的阴离子具有双金属的配位中心,能够有效抑制齐聚过程中裂化等副反应的发生,改善目标产物的选择性。当氯化亚铜与氯铝酸离子液体的物质的量比为0.1时,液相产物中二聚物和三聚物的含量达到60%以上。     

Conductivities of AlCl3/Ionic Liquid Systems and Their Application in Electrodeposition of Aluminium

Solubilities and conductivities of anhydrous AlCl3 in six kinds of ionic liquids (ILs) were measured. Among the six kinds of ILs [bmim]Cl, [bmim]Br, [bmim]BF4, [bmim]PF6, [emim][EtSO4] and [bmim][HSO4], anhydrous AlCl3 could be dissolved in the first five kinds but was hardly dissolved in [bmim][HSO4]. The results showed that the nominal solubilities of AlCl3 in ILs increased in the order of [bmim][HSO4] < [bmim]PF6 < [emim][EtSO4] < [bmim]BF4 < [bmim]Cl < [bmim]Br. Conductivities of the AlCl3/ILs systems depended apparently on the nominal molar ratio of AlCl3 to ILs. The conductivities of AlCl3/[bmim]Cl, AlCl3/[bmim]Br and AlCl3/[bmim]PF6 systems had a similar tendency as a function of the nominal molar ratio, that is, as the molar ratio was increased, conductivities increased first and then decreased, with the maximum conductivity obtained at approximately 0.9:1, 1.0:1 and 0.5:1, respectively. Conductivities of the AlCl3/[bmim]BF4 exhibited a dentate change and decreased with the molar ratio of AlCl3 to [bmim]BF4 increasing in general. With the increasing of the anhydrous AlCl3 amount in [emim][EtSO4], conductivity of AlCl3/[emim][EtSO4] monotonically decreased. AlCl3/[bmim]Cl system was chosen as the electrolyte for the electrodeposition of Al. Preliminary experimental results showed that dense, adherent and homogeneous Al coatings could be electrodeposited on stainless steel by means of constant potential technique and the surface coverage was quite satisfactory.     

Electrodeposition of antimony in a water-stable 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride tetrafluoroborate room temperature ionic liquid

The electrochemistry and electrodeposition of antimony were investigated on glassy carbon and nickel electrodes in a basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-tetrafluoroborate room temperature ionic liquid. Cyclic voltammetry results show that Sb(III) may be either oxidized to Sb(V) via a quasi-reversible charge-transfer process or reduced to Sb metal. Diffusion coefficients for both Sb(III) and Sb(V) species were calculated from rotating disc voltammetric data. Analysis of chronoamperometric current–time transients indicates that the electrodeposition of Sb on glassy carbon proceeded via progressive three-dimensional nucleation with diffusion-controlled growth of the nuclei. Raising the deposition temperature results in decreased average radius of the individual nuclei. Dense deposits can be obtained within a deposition temperature range between 30 to 120 °C. Scanning electron microscopy revealed dramatic changes in the surface morphology of antimony electrodeposits as a function of deposition temperature; deposits obtained at 30 °C had a nodular appearance whereas those obtained at 80 and 120 °C consisted of evenly distributed fine polygonal crystals.     

Lewis酸离子液体催化的苯和氯乙烷烷基化反应

以Lewis酸离子液体为催化剂,考察了Lewis阴离子催化剂、加料方式、AlCl3/[Et3NH]Cl摩尔比、反应温度、苯/氯乙烷摩尔比、催化剂用量等因素对苯和氯乙烷烷基化反应的影响及离子液体的重复可用性. 结果表明,在AlCl3/[Et3NH]Cl摩尔比为2的离子液体的催化作用下,苯和氯乙烷的烷基化反应在温度为70℃、苯/氯乙烷摩尔比为10:1、催化剂用量为苯和氯乙烷总质量10%的条件下,苯转化率为9.48%,乙苯选择性为93.65%;离子液体可循环使用10次,苯的转化率和乙苯的选择性均无明显变化.     

离子液体中电沉积钴-银软磁薄膜

使用离子液体(EMIC)和乙二醇的混合液作为电解液,电沉积制备钴-银软磁薄膜。研究发现,乙二醇能够有效地解离离子液体,从而增加电解液中氯离子和钴配合物的浓度。增大电解液中乙二醇的体积,有利于加快钴的沉积速率,提高钴-银薄膜中钴的质量分数,从而提高钴-银薄膜的比饱和磁化强度。随着乙二醇的体积的增大,钴-银薄膜从颗粒状逐渐转变为枝晶状,矫顽力逐渐增大。     

氯铝酸离子液体催化合成香豆素结构荧光染料

以[BMIm]Br-AlCl3离子液体为催化剂,通过4-二乙氨基水杨醛、氰乙酸乙酯和邻氨基苯酚一锅煮反应合成了典型的香豆素结构荧光染料3-(2′-苯并口恶唑基)-7-二乙基氨基-2H-1-苯并吡喃-2-酮。考察了离子液体的催化活性,较系统地研究了催化剂路易斯酸性、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对产率的影响。最佳反应条件为:n(4-二乙氨基水杨醛)∶n(氰乙酸乙酯)∶n(邻氨基苯酚)∶n(离子液体〔n(AlCl3)/n([BMIm]Br-AlCl3)=0.67〕)=1∶1∶1∶1,反应温度100~110℃,反应时间60 min,产物最终实测收率达78.3%。     

离子液体电沉积铁-钴合金工艺的研究

在室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氟硼酸盐(BMIM-BF4)体系中,研究了Fe-Co合金在铜基体上的电沉积。制备得到的合金薄膜表面光滑、致密,与基体结合牢固,具有金属光泽。综合考察了沉积电势、主盐的总浓度、Fe2+与Co2+的浓度比、电解液温度及沉积时间对镀层成分及外观形貌的影响。采用FE-SEM观察Fe-Co合金薄膜的表面形貌,采用EDAX测定Fe-Co合金薄膜的组成。结果表明:在离子液体电解液中所得到的Fe-Co合金镀层中铁的质量分数为34.6%~82.6%。