单晶钛酸铋纳米片的XPS和Raman特性

以Bi（NO3）3·5H2O和Ti（OC4H9）4为原料，NaOH为矿化剂，采用水热法制备了形貌规则的单晶Bi4Ti3O12纳米片。X射线衍射（XRD）结果表明，所合成的产物为正交相层状钙钛矿结构的Bi4Ti3O12。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）研究显示：样品是由大量边缘尺寸接近200nm，厚度约为15nm的片状结构组成。利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究产物的化学组分和价态分布。室温拉曼光谱研究表明，Bi4Ti3O12纳米片的声子寿命和热稳定性低于相应的块体材料。     

ZnSe微球在不同水热条件下的制备与表征(英文)

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和Na2SeO3作为原料,通过水热法制备ZnSe纳米晶。探讨了水热反应温度、反应时间、NaOH浓度和N2H4·H2O的添加量对最终产物的相组成、显微形貌和颗粒尺寸的影响,并借助XRD、SEM、TEM、PL等测试手段对产物的相组成、显微形貌和颗粒尺寸进行表征。添加20 mL 1 mol/L NaOH溶液和10 mL N2H4·H2O溶液,在180°C的温度下水热反应4 h制备的产物主要是立方闪锌矿结构的ZnSe微球,所得的ZnSe微球从内到外是由平均尺寸约20 nm的ZnSe纳米晶组成。结果表明:较低的水热温度和较短的反应时间都不利于得到结晶好的纯相ZnSe,产物结晶性不好,而且还会产生杂相和有较多缺陷。添加适量浓度的NaOH和水合肼才能确保得到形貌均匀、发光性能好的ZnSe微球。     

以五氧化二钒、碳气凝胶为原料制备VO_x纳米薄片的结构表征和电化学性能研究（英文）

以五氧化二钒粉末和碳气凝胶为原材料,结合溶胶凝胶法与水热法制备出具有纳米薄片结构的锂电池正极材料VOx。碳气凝胶通过超临界干燥和二次碳化法制得。由拉曼光谱和X射线衍射图谱表征得知,VOx纳米薄片主要由V3O7·H2O构成,这种物质可以理解为由V2O5和VO_2部分组成。从扫描电子显微镜的结果可以看出,均匀的V3O7·H2O材料由长度超过20μm、宽度近2μm的纳米薄片构成。进一步对这种材料进行了循环伏安测试和100次的恒流充放电测试。这一系列的电化学测试证明了这种材料具有很好的充放电循环稳定性,并且在高达12.8A·g-1的电流密度下仍然具有出色的倍率性能。     

ZnO纳米片状晶体的生长及其表征

采用高温碳热还原反应工艺．以氧化锌和碳粉为主要原料，在N2／H2O气氛中制备成功ZnO纳米片状晶体.所制薄片直径在100nm．厚度约50nm.采用场发射扫描电子显做镜（FESEM）、高分辨透射电子显做镜（HETEM）、X射线衍射分析仪（XRD）、拉曼（RAMAN）光谱等测试手段对产物进行表征。结果表明产物为ZnO，呈单一六角晶系纤锌矿结构，在相同的反应时间内，提高反应温度可使纳米片生长为六角塔状晶体，证填ZnO纳米片是六角平板状结构。     

水蒸气对Ni—20Cr合金合肥市其油射微晶涂层1000℃氧化行为的影响

研究了Ni-20Cr合金及其溅射微晶涂层在1000℃下H2O/O2中的氧化行为,结果表明：该合金在水蒸气中的氧化增重随着水蒸气的增加而减小,而且水蒸气的含量影响氧化膜的组成,对于溅射微晶涂层,水蒸气的含量只影响氧化增重,通过金相、X射线衍射、SEM（带有EDX）观察分析了氧化产物,提出了水蒸气的作用机制。     

凝胶-溶胶协同碳热还原法合成二硼化锆粉体及生长机制探究

以正丙醇锆(C12H28O4Zr)为锆源,硼酸(H3BO3)为硼源,山梨醇(GH14O6)为碳源,乙酸(C2H4O2)为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶协同碳热还原法制备了高纯超细硼化锆(ZrB2)粉体.分别研究了碳含量和硼含量对产物的物相和形貌的影响.通过X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜以及自带的X射线能谱仪对硼化锆...     

热浸锌铝合金镀层表面纳米晶腐蚀产物共沉积机理

采用XRD和TEM对热浸锌铝合金镀层在动态充气海水全浸试验时所形成的白色腐蚀产物进行了研究,结果表明：腐蚀产物主要由典型的纳米级Zn4CO3(OH)6.H2O,Zn5(OH)8Cl2和Zn6Al2CO3(OH)16.4H2O微晶组成,而这种纳米晶的形成与由吸附引起的Zn^2 和Al^3 离子的共沉积有关,镀层表面腐蚀后首先生成Al(OH)3凝胶,当凝胶吸附的锌离子超过异相核的临界过饱和度时,发生锌、铝氢氧化物的共沉淀,生成双氢氧化物,由于晶体长大速度较慢不能与沉淀形核同步进行,导致镀层表面形成了微晶状态的腐蚀产物。     

银纳米颗粒的晶格畸变研究

采用水热还原法,以硝酸银(AgNO3)为前驱物,十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为表面修饰剂,水合肼(N2H4·H2O)为还原剂,制备出了银纳米颗粒.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对样品的晶体结构、形貌、粒径及其分布特性进行了表征,并研究了晶格畸变.结果表明:样品的晶体结构为面心立...     

L-胱氨酸辅助合成Bi_2S_3纳米片状球和花状结构(英文)

以硝酸铋[Bi(NO)3·5H2O]和L-胱氨酸为反应原料,采用溶剂热法制备出Bi2S3纳米片状球和花状结构。L-胱氨酸(一种非常普遍和实用的氨基酸)作为硫源,在实验过程中不释放出刺激性气味(H2S)。利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所合成的产物的晶型结构、组成和表面形貌等进行了表征。结果表明:所合成的产物为典型的Bi2S3正交结构;在170°C条件下反应12h,以DMF为溶剂能够得到Bi2S3纳米片状球和花状结构。根据实验结果,对所合成Bi2S3的可能形成机理进行了简单探讨。     

油酸修饰硼酸钙纳米片的合成及表征

以硼砂和氯化钙为原料,通过原位法制备油酸表面修饰的硼酸钙纳米片。采用SEM,XRD,FT-IR,TG-DTA等表征手段对产物的物相和微观结构进行分析,讨论油酸添加量对硼酸钙在润滑油中的分散性的影响。结果表明:制备的纯硼酸钙组成为CaO·2B2O3·3H2O,油酸修饰后得到硼酸钙纳米片,纳米片的直径为100～300nm。添加油酸在一定程度上改善了硼酸钙的晶型,同时提高了硼酸钙在润滑油中的分散性,且油酸添加量为0.4%时,其分散性最好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。