慢性严重疼痛对酒依赖患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨慢性严重疼痛对酒依赖患者生活质量的影响。方法:根据简明疼痛评估量表评分及疼痛病史将243例出院后的酒依赖患者分为慢性严重疼痛组(疼痛组75例)和非慢性严重疼痛组(非疼痛组168例),采用自编的一般情况问卷、Zung氏抑郁自评量表和简明健康调查量表(SF-36)对两组患者进行的评估,采用多元线性回归分析慢性严重疼痛对生理及心理生活质量的影响。结果:疼痛组SF-36评分显著低于非疼痛组[生理:(131.1±50.9)分vs.(160.3±49.3)分,t=4.222,P0.001;心理:(148.8±55.6)分vs.(178.7±62.5)分,t=3.561,P0.001]。控制协变量后,慢性严重疼痛是生理和心理生活质量下降的独立危险因素(β=-0.385,-0.397;P均0.001)。结论:慢性严重疼痛是酒依赖患者生活质量下降的重要原因之一。     

慢性酒中毒所致精神障碍135例的脑电图分析

作者分析了 13 5例慢性酒中毒所致精神障碍患者的ＥＥＧ资料。现将结果报道如下。1　资料与方法1.1　资料　根据ＣＣＭＤ -2 -Ｒ诊断标准 ,收集我院 1984年 8月～ 1998年 12月住院的慢性酒精中毒所致精神障碍的病例共15 7例 ,并以其中在住院第一周内接受ＥＥＧ检查者 13 5例为对象。均为男性 ,年龄 2 2～ 68岁 ,平均 (41.8± 7.3 )岁 ,饮酒史 6～43年 ,平均 (2 1.1± 10 .3 )年 ,每日饮酒量 (折合纯酒精 ) 2 5 3± 7.6ｇ/日。农民 63例 ,工人 3 7例 ,干部 2 5例 ,其它 10例。文盲和小学 74例 ,初中和高中 49例 ,大专以上 12例。1.2　方法　…     

酒依赖患者配偶生活质量调查

酒依赖会影响患者家属尤其是配偶的生活质量。我们对60例酒依赖患者的配偶进行生活质量问卷调查,并与60例正常者进行比较,报告如下。     

酒依赖和酒中毒患者对乙肝病毒易感性的调查结果

鉴于我国乙型肝炎 (ＨＢＶ)感染率较高[1,2 ] 。为此 ,作者探索了精神病院的酒依赖和酒中毒患者对ＨＢＶ感染的现状 ,现将结果报道于后。1　对象与方法1.1　对象1.1.1　研究组　本文对象均符合ＣＣＭＤ - 2 -Ｒ中酒依赖与酒中毒性精神障碍的诊断标准的患者 ,共 156例。其中血清病原学资料完整者 12 6例 ,均为男性 ,年龄为 2 5～ 59岁 ,平均 (37.4 3± 9.6 2 )岁 ,饮酒史 5～ 4 2年 ,平均 (16 .2± 11.4 2 )年。其中大专以上文化 6例 ,高中 2 2例 ,初中 35例 ,小学 33例 ,文盲 30例。1.1.2　对照组　为接受定期健康体检的群体 ,并随机抽取其…     

慢性酒中毒对大脑损害的形态学研究

慢性酒中毒是一种常见的疾病,能引起全身各系统脏器的代谢与功能异常。慢性酒中毒对大脑的损害已有很多研究。本文综述神经功能影像学、神经结构影像学和神经病理学等方面研究慢性酒中毒对大脑损害的形态学改变资料。     

生活技能训练对住院慢性精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨生活技能训练对住院精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法将120倒患者随机分为训练组和对照组,用护士观察量表（NOSIE）、阴性症状量表（SANS）和生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI-74）进行评定。结果训练组NOSIE总积极因素、总消极因素与对照组有明显的差异（P〈0．01）,GQOLI-74中躯体功能、心理功能和社会功能显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论生活技能训练能最大程度地改善患者的社会功能,提高患者生活质量。     

丙戊酸钠对慢性酒中毒模型大鼠学习记忆损害的影响

目的探讨慢性酒中毒对大鼠学习记忆的影响及丙戊酸钠(VPA)的干预效应及其可能机制。方法将56只SD大鼠随机分为酒中毒模型组、VPA干预组、VPA对照组和正常对照组。以乙醇浓度梯度递增式的方式灌胃8周制作慢性酒中毒模型,而第5周始酒中毒模型组腹腔注射生理盐水,VPA干预组于第5～8周腹腔注射VPA,VPA对照组灌注等体积的生理盐水4周后第5～8周给予VPA。8周后每组随机选取7只采用Morris水迷宫和Y迷宫检测大鼠的学习记忆功能,其余7只用Westernblot检测海马脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)蛋白的表达含量。结果与正常对照组相比,酒中毒模型组大鼠水迷宫的逃避潜伏期显著延长(P0.05),空间探索次数显著减少(P0.05);Y迷宫中2d的错误次数显著增加(P0.01);海马BDNF含量下降(P0.05)。与酒中毒模型组相比,VPA干预组大鼠的行为学成绩均得到改善(P0.01),海马BDNF含量显著增加(P0.01),与正常对照组的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。VPA对照组与正常对照组各项指标的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论慢性酒中毒可以导致大鼠学习记忆障碍,而VPA对酒精诱导的学习记忆损害有干预作用,海马BDNF表达增加可能是其作用机制之一。     

慢性酒中毒患者心理缺陷感及外控性的临床调查分析

目的：了解慢性酒中毒患者的心理缺陷感及外控性。方法：采用缺陷感量表（FIS）与成人Nowich Strick land内－外控制量表（ANSIE）对30例慢性酒中毒患者及30例健康成人进行测评。结果：慢性酒中毒患 者的心理民评分明显低于健康成人,即在社交、学习能力、外貌、体能及总分呈生 差异;同时外控性评分显著高于健康成人。结论：慢性酒中毒患者的强烈心理缺陷及外控性不利于彻底戒酒。     

慢性精神分裂症患者的生活质量评估研究

目的评估慢性精神分裂症患者的生活质量,及生活质量与精神症状的相关性。方法在齐齐哈尔医学院第四附属医院住院的慢性精神分裂症患者158例,以年龄、性别、受教育程度为匹配条件,按照2∶1的比例选择本院职工及医院所在社区内79例健康自愿者为对照组。采用健康状况调查问卷（SF-36）进行生活质量评价,同时评估158例患者基线（即入院时）、随访6个月、1年时阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）、生活满意度量表（LSR）,并将SF-36与PANSS、SDSS、LSR作相关分析。结果患者SF-36各维度评分均低于对照组,两组比较差异有显著意义。患者组SF-36各维度评分与PANSS的阳性症状分、阴性症状分、一般精神病理分以及SDSS均呈负相关,与LSR呈正相关。随访1年间SF-36评分各维度得分显著提高。结论慢性精神分裂症患者的生活质量低下,经1年治疗后上述功能均能明显改善。精神症状缓解越明显,生活质量越高,提示了慢性精神分裂症患者治疗的重要性。同时也表明SF-36可适用慢性精神分裂症患者生活质量的评估。     

Health-related quality of life and mental health in older women with urinary incontinence

Objectives: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare health-related quality of life (QOL) and mental health between older women with and without urinary incontinence.

Method: This study is a secondary data analysis using raw data from 1874 women aged 65 years or older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV (2008–2009), a nationally representative sample.

Results: In the pain/discomfort dimension of the EuroQol-5, 25.4% of the participants experienced urinary incontinence and 14.7% did not (p = .001). In the anxiety/depression dimension, urinary incontinence was present in 8.3% of the participants and absent in 3.6% (p = 0.012). In addition, the results of an ANCOVA showed that scores in both the EuroQol visual analogue scale and the EQ-5D index were significantly lower in participants with urinary incontinence relative to those without. The risk of stress and depression in older women with urinary incontinence was approximately 2 and 1.5 times higher, respectively, than that of participants without urinary incontinence.

Conclusion: Health-related QOL in older women with urinary incontinence was relatively low, while levels of stress and depression were high. Therefore, in order to improve QOL and mental health in older women, the understanding and management of urinary incontinence interventions is required.     

Determinants of subjective quality of life in patients attending community-based mental health services. The South-Verona Outcome Project 5

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relationship of various domains of quality of life (QoL) with socio-demographics, clinical and social characteristics, service use and satisfaction in a representative sample of patients in contact with the South-Verona community mental health service. METHOD: Measures included: Lancashire Quality of Life Profile (LQOLP), demographics, diagnosis and service utilization data from the Case Register, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and Verona Service Satisfaction Scale (VSSS). Analyses were conducted using a block-stratified multiple regression model. RESULTS: Demographics, diagnosis, psychopathology, disability, functioning and service use together explained different amounts of variance in each LQOLP domain, but always less than 14%. VSSS explained more variance than any other indicator in health (13.1%), social relations (12.1%), leisure/participation (9.1%), and general wellbeing (9.0%). CONCLUSION: Different domains of QoL are predicted by different indicators. In some important domains, self-perceived satisfactory and effective care might have an impact on the QoL of patients.     

慢性精神分裂症患者生命质量的性别差异

目的：探讨长期住院的慢性精神分裂症患者生命质量的性别差异及影响因素。方法：采用健康状况调查问卷（SF-36）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）对连续住院时间超过5年的72例男性、47例女性慢性精神分裂症患者进行评定,选用60名健康自愿者作为对照。结果：男性患者生命质量显菩低于女性;精神病状态、药物种类、药物不良反应、年龄、住院时间对男女生命质量均有影响;男性的生命质量还受病期、婚姻状况的影响。结论：慢性精神分裂症患者的生命质量低下．应给予更多关注。     

The effect of support group on the mental health and quality of life for mothers with autistic children

Background The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of support groups on the mental health and quality of life for mothers with autistic children. Method A quasi-experimental pre-post control group design was used in this study. The mothers had children without chronic diseases diagnosed as autistic based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and were their primary caregivers. The mothers were assigned to control or intervention groups based on their willingness. The 10 weeks of the support group programme served as an intervention. There were three waves of data collection: pre-test, post-test, and after 1 month follow-up. A total of 27 mothers with autistic children were assigned into experimental and control groups. In total, there were eight mothers in the experimental group and 19 mothers served as the control group. Results The results of this study showed that mental health had not significantly improved in the intervention group compared to those in the control group at the end of the first month during follow-up. However, the subjective well-being and employment status had an effect on their mental health. Only the subjective well-being had an effect on their quality of life. Conclusion According to the results of this study, recommendations included (1) regularly promulgating a caregiver support group, (2) the advancement of training skills within the group, and (3) upgrading and promoting nurses’ ability to lead support groups in the future.     

酒精中毒致精神障碍患者脑内神经递质功能研究

目的利用脑涨落图仪检测酒精中毒所致精神障碍患者脑内多种神经递质功能,探讨酒精中毒所致精神障碍的发病机制。方法筛选符合《中国精神障碍分类及诊断标准(第3版)》(CCMD-3)酒精所致精神障碍的诊断标准的患者为实验组,健康人员为正常对照组,对两组人员均进行脑涨落图仪检测,比较分析两组人员的检测结果。结果与正常组对比,实验组的9种神经递质功率均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组的NE相对功率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组的全脑总功率、运动指数和血管舒缩指数均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论酒精中毒所致精神障碍患者脑内多种神经递质功能降低,尤其是NE功能降低更为明显,同时还有脑血管舒缩功能障碍。脑涨落图仪能够检测分析脑内神经递质的功能和脑神经细胞的供血情况,对研究酒精中毒所致精神障碍发病机制有帮助。     

An examination of the needs of older patients with chronic mental illness in public mental health services

Objectives: To describe the needs of patients aged 50 years and over with chronic mental illness being case managed within a public mental health service, and to determine factors that influence these needs.

Method: Patients were recruited from community-based Adult Mental Health (AMH) teams and Specialist Mental Health Services for Older People (SMHSOP) teams. Eligibility criteria included a diagnosis of schizophrenia or mood disorder. Patient, carer and key worker interviews were carried out using the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE).

Results: Of 183 eligible patients, 97 (mean age of 66.4 years) participated, of whom 63 were managed by AMH teams and 34 by SMHSOP teams. The majority (52%) had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, particularly those managed by AMH (71%). Patients self-rated fewer needs overall on the CANE than their key workers or the researcher, and also rated a higher proportion of their needs being met (83%) than the key worker (77%) or researcher (76%). From each perspective, over 80% of psychiatric and around 95% of identified medical needs were being met. The majority of social needs were unmet, with patients reporting only 42%, and key workers only 33%, met needs. The key unmet social needs were company, daily activities and having a close confidant. Key workers, patients and researchers rated SMHSOP service delivery to have significantly less unmet needs.

Conclusions: The social needs of older patients with chronic mental illness require greater attention by public mental health services.