Corrosion behavior of ferritic stainless steel with 15wt% chromium for the automobile exhaust system

The effect of chloride ion concentration, pH value, and grain size on the pitting corrosion resistance of a new ferritic stainless steel with 15wt% Cr was investigated using the anodic polarization method. The semiconducting properties of passive films with different chloride ion concentrations were performed using capacitance measurement and Mott-Schottky analysis methods. The aging precipitation and intergranular corrosion behavior were evaluated at 400- 900℃. It is found that the pitting potential decreases when the grain size increases. With the increase in chloride ion concentration, the doping density and the flat-bland potential increase but the thickness of the space charge layer decreases. The pitting corrosion resistance increases rapidly with the decrease in pH value. Precipitants is identified as Nb（C,N） and NbC, rather than Cr-carbide. The intergranular corrosion is attributed to the synergistic effects of Nb（C,N） and NbC precipitates and Cr segregation adjacent to the precipitates.     

保持时间对409铁素体不锈钢循环蠕变行为的影响

为了确定保持时间对超纯409铁素体不锈钢循环蠕变行为的影响,通过在应力控制模式下最大外加应力处引入10和30 min的保持时间,对其在650℃下的循环蠕变行为进行了研究.结果表明,与静态蠕变相比保持时间的引入使409不锈钢发生了循环蠕变减速行为,而循环蠕变减速行为可以归因于滞弹性应变.随着保持时间的缩短,最小蠕变速率降低,循环蠕变断裂寿命提高.静态蠕变及循环蠕变后,409不锈钢中有细小的第二相析出,且微观组织以亚晶及四边形和六边形位错网络为主.409不锈钢静态与循环蠕变断裂方式均为穿晶韧性断裂.     

Thermal deformation behavior and microstructure of nuclear austenitic stainless steel

Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation tester was employed in the hot-compression investigation of as-cast nuclear 304 austenitic stainless steel under conditions: deformation temperature 950―1200℃; deformations 30% and 50%; deformation rates 0.01 and 0.1 s?1. The results show that the flow stress decreases with temperature rise under the same strain rate and deformation, that the flow stress increases with deformation under the same temperature and strain rate, and that the flow stress increases with strain rate...     

430铁素体不锈钢钢卷工艺和性能分析

为改善430铁素体不锈钢的性能,主要研究了化学成分、铸坯等轴晶比例、热轧工艺制度、热卷退火工艺对材料组织和性能的影响.通过添加微量铝元素,同时降低过热度浇注,优化电磁搅拌工艺改善铸坯的结构.实验结果表明,通过不同热处理对比试验确定了最佳热处理工艺,热卷退火温度为950~1 000℃,保证了成品材料具有优异的力学性能和工艺性能.     

车用含Nb奥氏体不锈钢热疲劳行为分析

采用自约束热疲劳试验方法,分析了排气歧管用含Nb奥氏体不锈钢热疲劳行为.结果表明:热疲劳裂纹主要沿晶界扩展,少部分穿过晶界扩展,与较大碳化物颗粒有关;除循环上限温度为1050℃的试样外,其他试样的热疲劳过程均包括萌生、加速扩展及稳态扩展阶段;随循环上限温度的升高,热疲劳裂纹起裂及达到最大扩展速率所需次数减少;循环上限温...     

Evolutions of texture and grain boundary plane distributions in a ferritic stainless steel

The grain size,textures and grain boundary plane distributions in a cold-rolled and annealed ferritic stainless steel were investigated by means of EBSD techniques.The results show that,following cold rolling with the thickness reduction of 85%,relatively low temperature(780°C)annealing brings an extremely sluggish grain growth and no grain texture develops when the annealing time varies from 5min to 480min.The free energy reduction of the system is mainly caused by the grain boundary plane re-orientation in addition to minor grain growth because the distributions of grain boundary planes are moderately preferred on{100}according to the five parameter analyses(FPA)concerning the grain boundary plane characteristics.However,in the case of high-temperature(1000°C)annealing,the average grain size does not increase until annealing time is prolonged to 90 min,after which extensive grain growth occurs and strong{100}texture emerges whereas nearly random grain boundary plane distributions are observed.The free energy reduction of the system is most likely attributed to the selective growth.     

Effect of tin addition on the microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel

This article reports the effects of Sn on the inclusions as well as the mechanical properties and hot workability of ferritic stainless steel. Precipitation phases and inclusions in Sn-bearing ferritic...     

Ce对00Cr17高纯铁素体不锈钢再结晶及晶粒长大的影响

利用显微硬度计、金相显微镜、差热分析仪和XRD研究了稀土元素Ce对00Cr17高纯铁素体不锈钢再结晶及晶粒长大的影响.结果表明,00Cr17钢中加入Ce降低了再结晶温度,促进了再结晶的发生.主要是由于微量Ce固溶到00Cr17钢中引起晶格畸变,增加了冷变形储存能,从而增大了00Cr17钢的再结晶驱动力.00Cr17钢中加入Ce增加了晶粒长大激活能,减小了晶粒生长指数,阻碍了00Cr17钢的晶粒长大,这是由于Ce偏聚到晶界,增大晶界运动的阻力.     

2205双相不锈钢不同厚度层的r值与铁素体织构间的关系

研究了热轧、冷轧及退火状态下,2205双相不锈钢板各厚度层中铁素体相的织构演变规律,以及其对退火板塑性应变比r值的影响.结果表明,热轧板的表层板表现出明显的{001}110织构,而中间层板由于晶粒转动相对滞后,织构强点集中在(118)[16-24 1]和(001)[-1-20]取向.这种热轧织构的差异造成冷轧、退火之后,各厚度层的织构和平均塑性应变比rm不相同.冷轧板经1 100℃,90 s退火,各厚度层的铁素体相均未形成γ纤维再结晶织构,而形成了(112)[1-10]织构和处于(110)[1-18]~(554)[-2-25]取向间的织构,这与Σ9、Σ3和Σ17b重位点阵有着密切的关系,分别是(001)[1-10](001)[-1-10]和(110)[1-10]冷轧织构的再结晶产物.这类织构使得与轧向成0°的r值明显低于45°及90°的.另外,由于中间层板退火后残留的{001}110取向较少,因此中间层板的rm高于表层板.     

Test research on sticking mechanism during hot rolling of SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel

The sticking phenomenon during hot rolling of SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel was investigated by means of a two-disc type high-temperature wear tester. The test results indicate that sticking particles on the surfaces of high chromium steel (HiCr) and high-speed steel (HSS) rolls undergo nucleation, growth, and saturation stages. Grooves on the roll surface generated by grinding provide nucleation sites for sticking particles. The number of sticking particles on the HiCr roll surface is greater than that ...     

基于GIS和SPSS的城市街道机动车尾气污染特征分析研究

为更好地研究和管理城市街道的机动车尾气污染,对重庆市交通干线的污染物NOx浓度进行了监测,利用统计学方法(SPSS)分析了影响因素,借助地理信息系统(GIS),在ArcView GIS 平台上建立了NOx浓度的专题图.研究表明,重庆市交通干线的街道机动车尾气污染较严重,迎风面和背风面的NOx浓度均超过环境空气质量二级标准,污染物浓度与车流量、车速、地面风速和风向显著相关(P<0.01),GIS专题图能直观显示城市街道的污染物浓度分布.     

Brazing behavior of ultrafine cemented carbide with stainless steel

In order to investigate the effects of brazing temperature, heating rate and cooling methods on shear strength, hardness, magnetic saturation and coercivity of the ultrafine cemented carbide, the ultrafine cemented carbide was fabricated according to conventional powder metallurgical procedures, and then brazed to the stainless steel with silver-based filler alloy by supersonic frequency induction brazing. The microstructure was observed using scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and the magnetic properties were tested utilizing coercimeter and cobalt magnetism instrument. The results show that no micro-crack is found in the cemented carbide after brazing because of silver-based sandwich compound used as filler alloy. In the melted silver layer, there is more carbon in the region adjacent to the cemented carbide. Varied shear strengths, hardnesses, magnetic saturations and coercivities are present under different brazing temperatures, heating rates and coolings. This phenomenon is correlated with some factors such as wettability and fluidity of filler alloy, brazing stress, oxidation of cemented carbide, and allotrope transition of cobalt. Shear strength reaches the maximum of 340 MPa and hardness of ultrafine cemented carbide remains 1879 HV at the brazing temperature of 730℃. The carbon increases with the of increase of the heating rate. What＇s more, and there is no r/phase found under this condition. content decreases with the increase of brazing temperature, and it the lowest magnetic saturation reaches 81.8% of the theoretic value,     

Intergranular corrosion behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel

The intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel(HNSS) sensitization treated at 650-950℃ was investigated by the double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation(DL-EPR) method.The effects of the electrolytes,scan rate,sensitizing temperature on the susceptibility to IGC of HNSS were examined. The results show that the addition of NaCl is an effective way to improve the formation of the cracking of a passive film in chromium-depleted zones during the reactivation scan. Decreasing the scan rate exhibits an obvious effect on the breakdown of the passive film. A solution with 2 mol/L H2_SO_4+1 mol/L NaCl+0.01 mol/L KSCN is suitable to check the susceptibility to IGC of HNSS at a sensitizing temperature of 650-950℃ at a suitable scan rate of 1.667 mV/s. Chromium depletion of HNSS is attributed to the precipitation of Cr_2N which results in the susceptibility to IGC. The synergistic effect of Mo and N is suggested to play an important role in stabilizing the passive film to prevent the attack of IGC.     

Micromechanics behavior of fatigue cracks in Hadfield steel railway crossing

In order to predict the mechanism of the formation and propagation of rolling contact fatigue cracks in Hadfield steel railway crossings(HSRC),the residual strain,microstructure,crystal orientation,and microhardness surrounding fatigue cracks were investigated.Results show that the formation and propagation of fatigue cracks in HSRC have no correlation with the crystal orientation and boundaries of grains.The hardness and residual strain in the field around the fatigue crack are lower than those in other regions.The compressive strain around the fatigue crack is released after crack propagates,which reduces the hardness around the fatigue crack.Deformation twins and dislocations play a key role in the work hardening of HSRC.     

不锈钢冶炼电炉渣结构性质及浸出行为研究

研究电弧炉（EAF）渣的结构性质及渣中重金属离子的浸出行为。结果表明,EAF渣呈碱性,渣中Fe、Cr和Ni等金属元素主要以金属颗粒、（Cr,Al）2O3和（Fe,Mn,Mg）（Cr,Al）2O4晶体形式存在,具有较高的回收价值;电炉渣中可浸出重金属离子含量未超出国家标准,但存在Cr（III）再氧化为Cr（VI）的可能;Cr（VI）浸出量随浸出时间延长而增加,且Cr（VI）在蒸馏水中的浸出能力较冰醋酸中强。因此,EAF渣应尽量避免堆放或填埋在低pH场所,以防止其中重金属离子浸出。     

钢支撑低周疲劳性能研究综述

总结了国际上有关钢支撑低周疲劳性能试验及有限元研究方面的现状,指出了钢支撑低周疲劳性能研究的方向。     

低温对钢结构疲劳性能影响研究综述

为了研究基于矩形贴片天线的应变测量技术,根据传输线模型,分析了矩形贴片天线与应变间的作用机理,明确了天线辐射单元尺寸受应变影响,可导致贴片天线中心频率发生偏移,且获得了频率偏移量与应变间的线性关系理论表达式.设计3种不同中心频率的矩形贴片天线,利用高频结构模拟器（high frequency structure simulator,HFSS）电磁仿真软件和拉伸应变检测系统,对不同应变状态下,贴片天线中心频率随应变的变化趋势进行了仿真与实验测试.仿真和实验结果表明：贴片天线的中心频率的偏移量与应变之间线性关系明显,且贴片天线的中心频率越高,应变灵敏度越大.利用矩形贴片天线作为应变传感器,可满足结构应变测量要求,为结构健康无线监测研究奠定了基础.

     

Nonlinear behavior of concrete beams with hybrid FRP and stainless steel reinforcements

The full-range behavior of partially bonded, together with partially prestressed concrete beams containing fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tendons and stainless steel reinforcing bars was simulated using a simplified theoretical model. The model assumes that a section in the beam has a trilinear moment—curvature relationship characterized by three particular points, initial cracking of concrete, yielding of non-prestressed steel, and crushing of concrete or rupturing of prestressing tendons. Predictions from the model were compared with the limited available test data, and a reasonable agreement was obtained. A detailed parametric study of the behavior of the prestressed concrete beams with hybrid FRP and stainless steel reinforcements was conducted. It can be concluded that the deformability of the beam can be enhanced by increasing the ultimate compressive strain of concrete, unbonded length of tendon, percentage of compressive reinforcement and partial prestress ratio, and decreasing the effective prestress in tendons, and increasing in ultimate compressive strain of concrete is the most efficient one. The deformability of the beam is almost directly proportional to the concrete ultimate strain provided the failure mode is concrete crushing, even though the concrete ultimate strain has less influence on the load-carrying capacity. Foundation item: Project (50478502) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Corrosion behavior and mechanism of the automotive hot-dip galvanized steel with alkaline mud adhesion

The corrosion behavior and mechanism of hot-dip galvanized steel and interstitial-free (IF) substrate with alkaline mud adhesion were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization. The results show that non-uniform corrosion occurs on the galvanized steel and IF substrate during 250 h with the mud adhesion. The corrosion products on the galvanized steel are very loose and porous, which are mainly ZnO, Zn5(OH...     

2520不锈钢的高温氧化行为研究

采用静态增重法测定2520不锈钢在高温条件下的氧化动力学,运用X射线衍射测定氧化物类型,运用扫描电镜（SEM）观察不同氧化时间形成的氧化膜的形貌,通过能谱分析（EDS）氧化膜的成分,研究2520不锈钢的高温氧化行为.实验结果表明,氧化物类型主要为Fe2O3,且氧化物类型随温度的升高而变化.在氧化初期,氧化物中富Fe,氧...