动脉化疗治疗头颈部恶性肿瘤的临床研究

目的研究超选择性动脉介入灌注化疗和栓塞治疗头颈部恶性肿瘤的价值。方法31例头颈部恶性肿瘤患者根据肿瘤部位分别行超选择性舌动脉、颌内动脉、面动脉介入灌注化疗,其中明胶海绵颗粒栓塞11例。化疗药物采用顺铂(CDDP)、5-FU、甲氨碟呤(MTX)、表阿霉素(EPI)等2～3种联合应用。结果31例头颈部恶性肿瘤选择性动脉插管化疗和栓塞,半月后肿瘤体积缩小21例(占67.8%);肿瘤溃疡面缩小8例(占25.8%);未见明显变化2例。组织学疗效:19例介入治疗后接受手术,10例栓塞后的手术标本均为显效,栓塞标本近栓塞的血管处坏死程度重;9例未栓塞标本为有效。19例手术标本病理观察有效率94%。术中见肿瘤缩小,边界清楚,出血减少。19例术后目前仍生存15例(占78.9%),存活时间1～7.5年。结论术前超选择性动脉插管化疗栓塞对头颈部恶性肿瘤有较好的临床应用价值。     

支气管肺癌栓塞化疗：明胶海绵与碘油

目的比较研究明胶海绵和碘油在支气管肺癌栓塞化疗术中的应用价值.材料和方法135例支气管肺癌,腺癌52例,鳞癌76例,小细胞肺癌7例.选择性支气管动脉插管造影确认肿瘤血供,分别在支气管动脉干或超选择肿瘤血管支内行明胶海绵栓塞化疗术或碘油栓塞化疗术.结果明胶海绵组85例,均在支气管动脉主干栓塞,伴23例共干的肋间动脉同时栓塞.碘油组50例,肿瘤血管支内栓塞41例,9例支气管动脉干栓塞者有3例共干肋间动脉.碘油组的有效率(CR+PR率)显著高于明胶海绵组(76%55.3%,p＜0.05).碘油组并发症包括脊髓缺血症状、肋间动脉缺血症状和肺动脉栓塞症状,发生率也显著高于明胶海绵组(12%2.4%,p＜0.05),后者仅出现肋间动脉缺血症状,上述并发症经治疗后缓解.选择性肿瘤血管内化疗栓塞者无并发症发生.结论碘油栓塞化疗术治疗支气管肺癌的近期疗效优于明胶海绵栓塞化疗术.明胶海绵栓塞化疗术较安全,碘油化疗栓塞术宜在超选择性肿瘤血管插管的基础上谨慎施行.     

腰骶部骨肿瘤的介入性动脉栓塞治疗

目的探讨选择性腰动脉及髂动脉栓塞及化疗栓塞在腰骶部肿瘤治疗中的价值。方法采用选择性动脉插管,用经高温处理的明胶海绵栓塞或化疗性栓塞供应肿瘤的腰动脉、髂内动脉。结果本组共6例,2例骨巨细胞瘤栓塞后行手术治疗,术中出血量明显减少,平均为1 600 m l,且手术顺利,肿瘤切除彻底;2例血管瘤及2例转移瘤行栓塞及化疗栓塞,肿瘤缩小,症状明显减轻,生活质量提高,延长了生存期。结论在腰骶部骨肿瘤中,选择性腰动脉加髂内动脉栓塞及化疗栓塞是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

大肠癌的超选择性动脉灌注化疗和栓塞治疗

目的 :对大肠癌的选择性动脉灌注化疗和栓塞治疗的临床价值进行探讨。方法 :对 2 0例大肠癌病人行选择性血管造影及超选择性插管化疗和明胶海绵栓塞 ;原发性大肠癌 14例于介入治疗后 1周内手术 ;复发性大肠癌 6例 ,行一次导管治疗 2例 ,二次 2例 ,三次 2例。结果 :14例化疗栓塞后根治性切除 12例 ,术中出血明显减少 ,姑息性化疗组临床症状明显改善。结论 :大肠癌超选择性动脉灌注化疗和栓塞可改善临床症状 ,提高手术切除率 ,是治疗大肠癌的有效方法之一。     

外生性肝癌的血供特点及介入治疗

目的探讨外生性肝癌血供特点及经肿瘤供血动脉化疗栓塞术的疗效。方法5例外生性肝癌经股动脉插管,肿瘤供血动脉造影、化疗栓塞治疗,用榄香烯350 mg肿瘤血管内热灌注化疗和顺铂60～80 mg加碘油8～15 ml乳剂及明胶海绵化疗栓塞。结果5例患者共行10次经血管途径的化疗栓塞术。造影显示肿瘤供血动脉以肝外血管为主,肝动脉部分参与供血。5例患者术后瘤体缩小30%～50%,4例AFP下降。结论外生性肝癌有不同于肝内肝癌的血供特点,经肿瘤供血动脉化疗栓塞术对外生性肝癌同样有效,是可供选择的治疗方法之一。     

外生型宫颈浸润癌介入治疗的探讨

目的探讨超选择性子宫动脉化疗栓塞治疗53例外生型宫颈浸润癌的意义。方法常规采用Seld ing's技术,经皮股动脉穿刺插管,髂内动脉造影及子宫动脉化疗栓塞治疗。结果超选择子宫动脉化疗栓塞治疗后突起子宫颈局部肿瘤大部分或全部坏死脱落。结论采用超选择性子宫动脉化疗栓塞是治疗中晚期宫颈癌的一种安全有效的方法。     

肾上腺动脉化疗栓塞治疗不能切除肿瘤的初步报告

本文报告肾上腺动脉内化疗栓塞治疗肾上腺肿瘤不能切除的结果，６例行化疗栓塞１９次，平均每例３次，最多６次，间隔１￣３月。供血主要来源于膈动脉，肾动脉上支，肝右动脉，或直接开口于腹主动脉。结果显示不论原发或转移肿瘤，血管丰富，染色明显。术后ＣＴ或Ｂ超随访，病灶前后对照明显缩小。６例患者至今仍存活。作者认为动脉内化疗栓塞对不宜手术的肾上腺肿瘤是有效的首选方法。     

髂内动脉输注和栓塞对盆腔肿瘤诊治的价值

目的:通过分析髂内动脉造影和栓塞治疗效果,结合CT、腔镜及术后病检结果,初步评估髂内动脉输注和栓塞治疗盆腔肿瘤的价值。方法:12例盆腔肿瘤患者,行双侧髂内动脉造影、输注后,作单侧或双侧供血血管的超选择插管栓塞,重点观察其血管造影表现和栓后临床症状的改善情况、CT扫描变化及术后病理检查结果,评估其疗效。结果:9例富血管肿瘤(6例膀胱癌、2例宫颈癌及1例子宫内膜癌)显示有典型的血管增多、增粗、不规则且有显著的肿瘤染色而得以诊断,而后行栓塞治疗,6例栓后手术病理发现瘤体不同程度的坏死,3例未行手术的患者,B超、CT发现瘤体明显缩小,血尿或阴道出血停止并维持达二月。3例少血管肿瘤(膀胱癌),没有明显的血供异常,仅行化疗并在1周内手术。结论:髂内动脉化疗输注和栓塞对盆腔肿瘤有较好的治疗价值。     

介入栓塞治疗在骨与软组织肿瘤中的应用

目的 探讨介入在骨和软组织肿瘤临床治疗中的价值.方法 对28例经病理证实的骨与软组织肿瘤患者行选择性血管造影、动脉内灌注化疗和(或)栓塞治疗;观察治疗后临床、病理改变.结果 动脉灌注化疗和(或)栓塞治疗后23例疼痛缓解或消失;19例软组织消肿,肿瘤缩小;22例在介入治疗后1周内又接受手术治疗并经病理检查,显示瘤细胞不同程度变性、坏死、液化,以并用栓塞治疗者更为显著.肢体肿瘤患者66.4%(10/15)行保肢手术.结论 介入治疗是骨与软组织肿瘤的有效治疗方法,值得在临床上推广使用.     

宫颈癌切除术后复发的动脉内化疗栓塞

目的评估经导管动脉内选择性化疗栓塞治疗宫颈癌切除术后复发的可行性、安全性和短期疗效。方法回顾性分析37例宫颈癌切除术后复发的症状性患者资料,患者在接受栓塞治疗前伴有因肿瘤压迫而导致的症状:肾盂积水、下肢肿胀、盆腔疼痛。均接受了经导管动脉内选择性化疗栓塞,化疗药物采用顺铂,栓塞材料直径为360~510μm的明胶海绵颗粒。结果 37例患者的双侧髂内动脉造影显示:其中33例(89.2%,33/37)的肿瘤动脉发自单侧阴部内动脉,4例(10.8%,4/37)发自单侧副阴部内动脉;化疗栓塞后1个月的随访结果为:29例患者的肿瘤平均直径明显缩小(4.71±0.63)cm vs(4.37±0.73)cm,P0.01;35例(94.6%,35/37)患者的临床症状明显或部分改善;无严重并发症发生。结论经导管动脉内选择性化疗栓塞治疗宫颈癌切除术后复发,具备技术可行性和安全性,能有效改善短期临床症状。     

经皮椎体成形术及血管内栓塞化疗治疗椎体恶性肿瘤

目的：观察经皮椎体成形术（PVP）、PVP和血管内栓塞化疗术综合治疗椎体恶性肿瘤的疗效。方法：29例患者（男性16例，女性13例）共40个椎体，转移性肿瘤28例，多发性骨髓瘤1例，均表现为胸腰部疼痛，2例有不同程度的脊髓功能障碍。18例患者共26个椎体单独行PVP治疗，11例16个椎体先后行PVP和（或）血管内栓塞化疗术。结果：29例患者经PVP和血管内栓塞化疗后症状完全缓解者16例（55.1％），部分缓解13例（44.9％），其中PVP不成功1例，再经血管内栓塞化疗疼痛减轻，所有患者无严重并发症发生。结论：椎体恶性肿瘤经PVP和（或）血管内栓塞综合治疗可获得很好的近期疗效，明显提高患者的生存质量。     

Superselective continuous arterial infusion chemotherapy through the superficial temporal artery for oral cavity tumors

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High-dose intraarterial chemotherapy with repeated one-shot infusion may be useful for treating head and neck tumors. We evaluated the efficacy of superselective continuous arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via a coaxial catheter system and compared the results with those of subselective catheterization for treatment of oral cavity tumors. METHODS: Forty-nine consecutive patients with tumors of the oral cavity (clinical stage I, 12 cases; stage II, 19 cases; stage III, six cases; stage IV, 12 cases) were treated by arterial infusion chemotherapy. After a guiding catheter was advanced into the superficial temporal artery, superselective catheterization was performed using a coaxial system microcatheter. Superselective catheterization was accomplished in 34 cases, and was unsuccessful in 15, owing to difficulties in performing catheterization or to multiple feeding arteries. In the latter cases, the tip of the catheter was placed near the origin of the feeding arteries (subselective catheterization). RESULTS: Thirty (88%) of 34 patients had a complete response to superselective arterial infusion chemotherapy and two (6%) had a partial response. Twelve (80%) of 15 patients had a complete response to subselective arterial infusion chemotherapy and three (20%) had a partial response. Local recurrence was more frequent after subselective treatment (13%) than after superselective (6%) treatment. CONCLUSION: Superselective continuous arterial infusion chemotherapy may be suitable for local control of oral cavity tumors, with a low rate of recurrence.     

头颈部副神经节瘤影像学诊断

目的:探讨头颈部副神经节瘤的影像学特征。方法:回顾性分析19例头颈部副神经节瘤的CT、MRI和DSA表现,其中颈静脉球瘤3例,鼓室球瘤2例,颈动脉体瘤12例,迷走体瘤2例。结果:颈静脉球瘤的CT特征为颈静脉孔扩大和虫蚀骨质破坏,1例双侧因肿瘤为1cm首次平扫漏诊;鼓室球瘤均较小,发生于鼓岬区,临床特征为搏动性耳鸣和鼓膜充血;颈动脉体瘤位于颈总动脉分叉处,特征为颈内、外动脉分离和动脉镶嵌于肿瘤边缘或肿瘤内;迷走体瘤与颈动脉体瘤的区别在于颈内、外动脉受压后均向前移位。增强后肿瘤均见明显强化,MRA图像有助于确认肿瘤内的滋养血管,术前栓塞是治疗的有效方法,能减少约50%~70%肿瘤供血。结论:头颈部副神经节瘤具有特定的解剖学位置和影像学表现,对临床诊断和治疗有重要价值。     

Devascularization of Head and Neck Paragangliomas by Direct Percutaneous Embolization

Preoperative transarterial embolization of head and neck paragangliomas using particulate agents has proven beneficial for decreasing intraoperative blood loss. However, the procedure is often incomplete owing to extensive vascular structure and arteriovenous shunts. We report our experience with embolization of these lesions by means of direct puncture and intratumoral injection of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) or Onyx. Ten patients aged 32–82 years who were referred for preoperative embolization of seven carotid body tumors and three jugular paragangliomas were retrospectively analyzed. Intratumoral injections were primarily performed in four cases with multiple small-caliber arterial feeders and adjunctive to transarterial embolization in six cases with incomplete devascularization. Punctures were performed under ultrasound and injections were performed under roadmap fluoroscopic guidance. Detailed angiographies were performed before and after embolization procedures. Control angiograms showed complete or near-complete devascularization in all tumors. Three tumors with multiple small-caliber arterial feeders were treated with primary NBCA injections. One tumor necessitated transarterial embolization after primary injection of Onyx. Six tumors showed regional vascularization from the vasa vasorum or small-caliber branches of the external carotid artery following the transarterial approach. These regions were embolized with NBCA injections. No technical or clinical complications related to embolization procedures occurred. All except one of the tumors were surgically removed following embolization. In conclusion, preoperative devascularization with percutaneous direct injection of NBCA or Onyx is feasible, safe, and effective in head and neck paragangliomas with multiple small-caliber arterial feeders and in cases of incomplete devascularization following transarterial embolization.     

头颈部副神经节瘤的术前栓塞治疗

目的：分析头颈部副神经节瘤的ＤＳＡ表现及评价术前栓塞的作用。材料与方法，８例患者均行双侧颈总动脉及椎动脉ＤＳＡ检查，而后行患侧超选择性插管，以明胶海绵颗粒或真丝段作为栓塞材料。结果：５例颈静脉球瘤，２例颈动脉体瘤及１例迷走神经体瘤的动脉期均显示主要由颈外动脉的分支供血，如咽升动脉，耳后动脉，枕动脉等，颈静球瘤如侵犯后颅凹，颈内动脉或椎动脉的分支也可参与供血，实质期，肿瘤呈分叶状，不均匀染色，静脉期     

Treatment of a patient with carotid blowout syndrome with a new deconstructive embolization technique

Carotid blowout syndrome is a rare clinical conditions with a high mortality rate, especially in patients with head and neck tumors who have received radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We present our patient who had hemangioendothelioma of the neck for 5 years and therefore received radiotherapy, fistulized to the skin on the neck and active bleeding out of the fistula area. In the radiological imaging of the patient, vessel wall irregularities in the common carotid artery (CCA) and accompanying pseudoaneurysm with a diameter of 3 cm were detected, and endovascular treatment was performed. After the patient passed the balloon occlusion test, first the proximal internal carotid artery was closed with coils. Then, the balloon was inflated proximal to the CCA and a 10% diluted glue-lipiodol mixture was injected into the entire diseased CCA bed. Closure of the distal with coil and proximal with balloon prevented the risk of off-target embolization of the glue.     

A newly developed double lumen microballoon catheter with a side hole: initial experience of intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization

Purpose

To introduce a newly developed double lumen microballoon catheter with a side hole for intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization.

Methods and materials

Seven patients with malignant tumors, for whom superselective catheterization was considered difficult or had failed, underwent intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization with the 3.3-Fr microballoon catheter. The catheter has a double lumen and a side hole to facilitate infusion from the proximal end of the balloon. The balloon was placed on the distal side of the target artery branching site. Inflation of the balloon and occlusion of the main lumen with the tip of the occlusion device allowed for intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization of the target artery via the side hole.

Results

Successful intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization with the microballoon catheter was performed in all patients with no complications.

Conclusions

The newly developed microballoon catheter achieves intraarterial infusion chemotherapy and/or embolization without the need for superselective catheterization.     

Prospective comparison of 18F-FDG PET with conventional imaging modalities (MRI, CT, and 67Ga scintigraphy) in assessment of combined intraarterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy for head and neck carcinoma.

To preserve the oral organs and functions in patients with head and neck carcinoma, accurate determination of the appropriate treatment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy is of critical importance. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET relative to that of other conventional imaging modalities in the assessment of therapeutic response after combined intraarterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy as an organ preservation protocol. METHODS: The study was prospectively performed on 23 consecutive patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who completed the treatment regimen and underwent 2 (18)F-FDG PET studies before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. (67)Ga scintigraphy (only before therapy) as well as MRI and CT (both before and after therapy) were also performed. All images were blindly and independently interpreted without knowledge of histologic findings. The level of confidence in image interpretation was graded by means of a 5-point rating system (0 = definitely no tumor to 4 = definite tumor). RESULTS: Before treatment, (18)F-FDG PET detected primary tumors in all 23 patients and was more sensitive (100%) than MRI (18/23; 78.3%), CT (15/22; 68.2%), and (67)Ga scintigraphy (8/20; 40%), with a confidence level of 3 or 4 as a positive tumor finding. After chemoradiotherapy, residual tumors were histologically confirmed in 4 patients (pathologic complete response rate, 19/23; 82.6%). Although posttreatment (18)F-FDG PET showed almost equal sensitivity (4/4; 100%) compared with MRI (3/3; 100%) or CT (3/4; 75%), its specificity (17/19; 89.5%) was superior to MRI (7/17, 41.2%) and to CT (10/17; 58.8%) for primary lesions. Regarding metastases to neck lymph nodes, only specificity for posttreatment images was calculated because no metastasis was confirmed in any patients after treatment. Six subjects had (18)F-FDG PET-positive lymph nodes, which had pathologically no tumor cells and suggested an inflammatory reactive change after therapy. Therefore, the specificity of posttreatment (18)F-FDG PET (17/23; 73.9%) was almost identical to that of MRI (17/20; 85%) and CT (16/21; 76.2%) for neck metastasis. With combined chemoradiotherapy monitored with (18)F-FDG PET, 8 patients avoided surgery and the remaining 15 patients underwent a reduced form of surgery. CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG PET facilitates differentiation of residual tumors from treatment-related changes after chemoradiotherapy, which may be occasionally difficult to characterize by anatomic images. (18)F-FDG PET has a clinical impact for the management of patients with head and neck cancers after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy by optimizing surgical treatment for each patient and contributes to the improvement of the patient's quality of life.     

Therapeutic embolization of the gastroduodenal artery in hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy

Transcatheter embolization of the gastroduodenal artery with Gelfoam was performed in 12 patients undergoing percutaneous hepatic artery catheterization for infusion chemotherapy of metastatic liver disease. The purpose of the embolization was to prevent chemotherapeutic drugs from reaching the stomach and duodenum and thereby inducing gastrointestinal toxicity in patients in whom the catheter tip could not be satisfactorily positioned beyond the gastroduodenal origin. Embolization proved safe and effective in eight cases. Three other patients experienced clinical problems that may or may not have been related to embolization. The final patient had a significant complication (necrosis of the pancreatic head and gastric mucosa) that was felt to be directly related to the embolization. Transcatheter gastroduodenal occlusion may help reduce gastrointestinal toxicity of intraarterial infusion chemotherapy. However, it may on occasion be associated with significant complications, particularly in patients who are debilitated due to metastatic disease.