MPO和NAT2基因多态性与成人急性白血病易感性

目的研究髓过氧化物酶（MPO）和N-乙酰基转移酶2（NAT2）基因多态性与成人急性白血病易感性的关系.方法用1∶1配对病例-对照研究方法,收集成人急性白血病患者和对照各139例,应用聚合酶链-内切酶片段（PCR-RFLP）方法分析病例组和对照组MPO和NAT2的基因多态性,比较不同基因型与成人急性白血病易感性.结果 MPO-463A等位基因分布频率病例组低于对照组,MPO（G-463A）各基因型在病例组与对照组中的分布差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.026,P〈0.05,OR=0.505,95%CI=0.325～0.847）.NAT2乙酰化表型频率在病例组与对照组的分布差异无统计学意义（χ^2=2.260,P〉0.05）;但NAT2＊5 481T等位基因和NAT2＊6 590A等位基因分布频率病例组高于对照组（P〈0.05）.结论 MPO与成人急性白血病易感性相关,携带MPO（G-463A）突变基因型（GA/AA）个体可降低白血病的发病风险;NAT2乙酰化表型可能与白血病的易感性无关,但NAT2＊5（C481T）、NAT2＊6（G590A）单核苷酸突变频率病例组明显高于对照组.     

MPO和GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性与儿童急性白血病易感性分析

目的 探讨髓过氧化物酶（myeloperoxidase,MPO）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（glutathione S-transferase,GST） M1、T1基因多态性及其交互作用与儿童急性白血病易感性的关系。方法 155名广东籍儿童急性白血病患者纳入病例组,155健康体检者为对照组。采用巢式聚合酶链式反应检测MPO （G-463A）,GSTT1,GSTM1基因型。采用（口恶）2检验比较各基因型频率在病例组与对照组之间的差异,用OR及95%CI值表示各基因型发生急性白血病的危险度。结果 携带MPO-463位点A突变基因型（GA/AA）可能降低儿童急性白血病发病危险（OR=0.591,95%CI:0.356~0.981,P=0.041）;同时携带GSTT1 null基因和GSTM1 null基因的个体发生发生急性白血病的危险性是同时携带GSTT1 non-null基因和GSTM1non-null基因个体的2.991倍（95%CI:1.578~5.673）;同时携带MPO野生型（GG）基因及GSTT1 null基因和GSTM1 null基因进一步增加发病危险（OR=3.484,95%CI:1.626~7.466,P=0.041）。结论 同时携带MPO野生型（GG）及GSTT1 null基因和GSTM1 null基因的个体发生急性白血病的风险增大,可考虑作为儿童急性白血病易感性的重要生物标志物。     

Sp110基因5'-UTR rs11679983 SNP与肺结核易感相关性研究

[目的]探讨Sp110基因5'-UTR rs11679983位点单核苷酸多态性对重庆籍汉族人群肺结核易感性的影响.[方法]采用病例一对照研究,选择100名初治涂阳肺结核患者和106名非结核病对照,运用ASA-PCR技术检测研究对象的基因型,比较Sp110基因5'-UTR rs11679983位点基因型频率及等位基因频率分布. [结果]Sp110基因5'-UTR rs11679983位点A/A、A/G、G/G基因型频率在病例组分别为21.00%、56.00%、23.00%;对照组分别为41.51%、54.72%、3.77%;两组间基因型分布差异有统计学意义(X2=18.11,P<0.001).Logistic回归分析显示rs11679983A/G与肺结核相关(OR=2.84,95%CI:1.76～4.59,P<0.001). [结论]Sp110基因rs11679983位点基因多态与肺结核易感性相关.     

肿瘤坏死因子α-308位点基因多态性与尘肺易感性的Meta分析

目的 运用Meta分析方法综合评价肿瘤坏死因子-α基因启动子308位点(TNF-α-308)G/A等位基因和基因型与尘肺易感性的相关性.方法 检索PubMed、EMBase、CNKI和万方数据库,获取TNF-α-308基因多态性与尘肺易感性的病例-对照研究,应用Review Manager 4.2软件进行统计学处理.结果 检索文献中纳入11个病例-对照研究.TNF-α-308的TNFA等位基因与尘肺的易感性有关(OR=1.40,95%CI 1.20～1.63,P＜0.05);TNF A/G+TNFA/A基因型与尘肺易感性有关(OR=1.55,95%CI1.30～1.84,P＜0.05).按尘肺的严重程度进行分层后,TNF-α-308位点TNFA等位基因及TNF A/G+TNFA/A基因型与Ⅰ期及Ⅱ+Ⅲ期尘肺的易感性均有关联OR=1.58,95%CI为1.30～1.92,OR=1.42,95%CI为1.15～1.76(P＜0.05);Ⅰ期尘肺与Ⅱ+Ⅲ期尘肺的TNFA等位基因及TNFA/G+TNFA/A基因型分布频率差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 TNF-α-308位点基因多态性可能与尘肺易感性相关,但该位点基因多态性不影响尘肺的严重程度.     

白细胞介素-6基因-174C/G和-634C/G多态性与尘肺易感性的Meta分析

目的探索白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)基因-174C/G和-634C/G多态性与尘肺易感性的关系。方法以尘肺、白细胞介素-6及多态性为关键词,检索中文数据库Sinomed、万方医学、中国知网和维普;以pneumoconiosis、interleukin-6及polymorphism为关键词,检索英文数据库Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library和Web of Science。采用Revman Manager 5.2软件进行效应值的合并和文献质量评价。结果共纳入7篇文献(9组病例-对照研究),包括IL-6基因-174C/G位点病例660例,对照848例;IL-6基因-634C/G位点病例344例,对照362例。Meta分析结果表明,IL-6基因-174C/G位点多态性与尘肺易感性之间无关联(CC对CG+GG,OR=1.05(95%CI 0.76~1.45),CG对GG+CC,OR=0.79(95%CI 0.40~1.55),C对G,OR=0.95(95%CI 0.80~1.14))。IL-6基因-634 C/G多态性位点与尘肺发病之间有关联(CC对CG+GG,OR=2.12(95%CI 1.56~2.88),CG对GG+CC,OR=0.40(95%CI 0.27~0.58),C对G,OR=1.67(95%CI 1.33~2.11))。结论IL-6基因-174C/G位点多态性与尘肺易感性之间没有相关性,-634C/G位点多态性与尘肺易感性之间有相关性,-634C/G位点CC基因型是尘肺的易感基因型。     

中国人群瘦素受体Gln223Arg、Pr01019Pro基因多态性与肥胖关联性的Meta分析

目的 探讨瘦素受体(LEPR)Gln223Arg、Prol019Pro基因多态性与肥胖的关联性。方法 计算机检索万方、CNKI、维普、CBM、PubMed、EMBASE数据库,收集1979-2010年公开发表的关于中国人群LEPR Gln223Arg、LEPR Pro1 019Pro基因多态性与肥胖的病例对照研究的文献,选择OR值及其95%CI作为Meta分析指标。利用Stata 10.0软件对各研究结果进行异质性检验和效应值合并计算。结果 根据统一的纳入和剔除标准,纳入15篇文献,其中LEPR Gln223Arg基因多态性相关文献9篇,共有肥胖者1096例,对照组949人;LEPR Prol019Pro基因 多态性相关文献8篇,共有肥胖者961例,对照组818人。LEPR Gln223Arg基因多态性与肥胖关联性的研究中,LEPR-668位点基因G/A的OR=0.66（95%CI:0.49～0.89),将有A→3基因突变的AG基因型和GG基因型合并后与AA基因型比较,肥胖易感性降(OR=0.50,95%CI: 0.32～ 0.77)有统计学意义;在LEPR Prol019Pro基因多态性与肥胖关联性的研究中,LEPR-3057位点基 因A/G的OR= 1,61 (95%CI: 1.15～2.26),有G→A基因突变的基因型AG和基因型AA合并后与GG基因型比较,肥胖易感性升高（OR= 1.50,95%CI: 1.08～2.08),有统计学意义。结论 中国汉族为主的人群LEPR Gln223Arg和LEPR Prol019Pro基因多态性与肥胖的发生均有关联。     

TERT基因rs2736100位点多态性与中国人群肺癌易感性关联的Meta分析

目的探讨TERT基因rs2736100位点多态性与中国人群肺癌易感性的关联。方法检索PubMed、CNKI、万方、维普等数据库,收集以中国人群为研究对象的关于rs2736100位点多态性与肺癌易感性关联的文献,用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析,并评估文献的发表偏倚。结果最终纳入12篇文献,累计病例组8 651例,对照组11 484例。Meta分析结果显示,rs2736100位点的等位基因模型(G vs T)增加了肺癌的易感性[OR=1.23,95%CI:1.18～1.28,P0.01]。进一步根据基因分型进行分层研究,结果表明显性基因模型(GG+GT vs TT)[OR=1.31,95%CI:1.24～1.40,P0.01]、隐性基因模型(GG vs GT+TT)[OR=1.30,95%CI:1.21～1.40,P0.01]、共显性基因模型(GG vs TT)[OR=1.50,95%CI:1.38～1.63,P0.01和共显性基因模型(GT vs TT)[OR=1.26,95%CI:1.18～1.35,P0.01]均增加了肺癌的易感性。结论 TERT基因上的rs2736100位点多态性与中国人群肺癌的易感性密切相关,携带有rs2736100-G等位基因的基因型增加了肺癌的发病风险。     

我国人群TNF-α基因驱动子区-308 G/A位点多态性与HBV易感相关性的Meta分析

目的 探讨中国人群肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)基因驱动子区-308 G/A位点多态性与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)易感性的相关性.方法 电子检索2012年10月前的CNKI、万方、VIP及PubMed、Medline、Embase、Springer等数据库,收集有关中国人群TNF-α基因驱动子区-308 G/A位点多态性与HBV感染相关性的病例-对照研究;评价纳入研究质量,提取有效数据,采用RevMan 5.0进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入12组研究中国人群TNF-α基因启动子区-308 G/A位点多态性与HBV感染相关性的病例-对照研究,HBV感染病例2 083例,正常对照1 216例.Meta分析结果:TNF-α基因驱动子区-308 G/A位点多态性与HBV感染相关性中:A等位基因与G等位基因[OR =0.63,95％CI(0.47,0.83),P=0.001]具有统计学差异;而基因型(GA +AA)与GG[OR =0.61,95％ CI(0.37,1.01),P=0.06]和基因型GA与GG[OR=0.82,95％ CI(0.57,1.16),P=0.26]不具有统计学差异.结论 该Meta分析研究的结果显示,中国人群中TNF-α基因驱动子区-308 G/A位点多态性与HBV易感性存在相关性;携带G等位基因比携带A等位基因的人群更容易受HBV感染.     

肿瘤坏死因子α-308位点基因多态性与胃癌易感性的Meta分析

目的 评价肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)基因启动子区-308位点基因多态性与胃癌易感性.方法 检索PubMed、EMBASE数据库、Cochrane图书馆(1966年至2009年7月)及万方、中国生物医学文献数据库(1979年至2009年7月)文献,收集TNF-α-308位点基因多态性与胃癌易感性的病例对照研究,共检索到39篇相关文献,26篇纳入研究.应用RevMan 4.2对各研究结果进行异质性检验和效应值合并.结果 26篇纳入本研究的文献中,共计有5225例胃癌患者和8473例(名)对照人群.总研究人群TNF-α-308位点基因G:A的OR=0.85(95%CI:0.76～0.96,P=0.01),AA:GG基因型OR值为1.19(95%CI:1.01～1.39,P=0.03).分层分析显示,东方人种G:A的OR=0.97(95%CI:0.75～1.26,P=0.84),西方人种G:A的OR=0.79(95%CI:0.70～0.89,P＜0.01),AA:GG基因型OR值为1.26(95%CI:1.04～1.52,P=0.02).非贲门胃癌患者G:A的OR=0.90(95%CI:0.79～1.02,P=0.10),幽门螺杆菌阳性胃癌患者G:A的OR=1.08(95%CI:0.62～1.88.P=0.79).结论 西方人种TNF-α-308位点A等位基因及从基因型与胃癌遗传易感性相关,携带A等位基因患者增加罹患胃癌的风险.     

转化生长因子β1基因多态性与哮喘易感性Meta分析

目的探讨转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)基因多态性与哮喘易感性之间的关联。方法检索Pubmed、Embase、Medline、Scopus、CBM、中国知网、万方和维普等数据库,收集国内外关于研究TGF-β1基因多态性与哮喘易感性关联的文献,采用Stata 12.0软件对符合纳入标准的文献进行Meta分析。结果 TGF-β1基因C-509T位点纳入文献19篇,包括4 938例哮喘病例和5 838例对照,T869C位点文献7篇,包括1 327病例和1 258例对照。Meta分析结果显示,TGF-β1基因C-509T位点多态性与哮喘易感性有关[(Tvs.C):P=0.010,OR=1.17,95%CI=1.04~1.31;(TT+CT vs.CC):P0.01,OR=1.34,95%CI=1.14~1.57;(TT vs.CC):P=0.001,OR=1.42,95%CI=1.15~1.76]。TGF-β1基因T869C位点多态性在总人群中与哮喘无关,经过亚组分析表明,在成年人群中发现多态性和哮喘存在统计学关联[(C vs.T):P=0.020,OR=1.19,95%CI=1.03~1.37;(CC vs.CT+TT):P=0.032,OR=1.31,95%CI=1.02~1.69;(CCvs.TT):P=0.029,OR=1.39,95%CI=1.03~1.88],但是在儿童人群中未发现多态性和哮喘存在统计学关联;在亚洲人群和高加索人群中均未发现多态性和哮喘存在统计学关联。结论 TGF-β1基因C-509T位点多态性与哮喘易感性有关,携带T等位基因可能增加哮喘患病风险;TGF-β1基因T869C位点只与成人哮喘有关,提示其在哮喘遗传易感性中可能起到附加效应。     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Assessing occupational and environmental exposure

Exposure assessment is a poorly understood component of the science of epidemiology. The relationship between exposure to chemicals and ill-health outcomes is often calculated using crude exposure measures such as ever/never exposed or duration. When investigating subtle effects, exposures need to be characterized much more fully in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and route. While occupational exposures tend to be much greater than those experienced from the wider environment there is a need to remember that, for many chemicals, exposure can occur occupationally, environmentally and through consumer use of products containing the material of interest. Inhalation exposure has generally been the traditional focus for most epidemiological investigations but there is now growing awareness of the importance of the dermal and ingested routes of contact and internalization. Quantification of the exposure also needs to be related to a biological mechanism of action and exposure metrics need to be selected accordingly. Occupational exposures can generally be measured using simple well-validated techniques. Environmental exposures require much more sensitive instruments and are more difficult to assess. Exposure modelling, particularly for the environmental fate of chemicals has undergone many recent developments and Monte Carlo techniques can be used to characterize model uncertainty and variability. This approach to exposure assessment can now be used in the setting of the wider environment and will enable a far better understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease.     

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam

A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.     

How Adults with Acquired Brain Damage Perceive Computer Training as a Rehabilitation Tool: A Focus-group Study

The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adult outpatients with acquired brain damage and referred to occupational therapy perceive computer training with the RehaCom programs, in order to evaluate the method of treatment as a tool in the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive disorders. By using focus-group discussions as a qualitative method of research when analysing the result, five themes with corresponding categories emerged, describing a development of understanding and learning about capacities. Themes describing how the participants could apply strategies to overcome shortcomings in daily occupations and the therapeutic role of the occupational therapist were identified as well. The result shows that a computer training program such as RehaCom can be used as an educational tool, for example, to guide a person who is trying to adopt compensatory strategies to avoid overload by taking pauses. It was found that anything the participants learned was also applicable to occupational performance in daily life.