肉类及水产品中四环素类抗生素残留量的高效液相色谱测定方法

建立了肉类中土霉素(OTC)、四环素(TC)、金霉素(CTC)残留量的高效液相色谱荧光检测方法.样品经5%HClO4除蛋白后,离心过滤.采用Waters XTerra RP18(5 μm,4.6×150 mm)色谱柱,以V(甲醇):V(CaCl2缓冲液)=30:70(pH 6.6)为流动相,等度洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min,柱温25℃.经CaCl2缓冲液衍生化,在激发波长(Zx)350 nm和发射波长(Zm)520nm处检测土霉素、四环素和金霉素的残留量.结果表明,在此条件下,测得上述3种抗生素在0.09～4.64μg/mL范围内线性良好,土霉素的最小检测限为1.48 ng/mL,四环素为1.20ng/mL,金霉素为2.32 ng/mL,方法的精密度为0.69%～1.23%,加样回收率为64.63%～90.89%.实验证明本方法可用于检测肉类中土霉素、四环素和金霉素的残留量.     

高效液相色谱法测定动物组织中四环素类抗生素残留量的研究

建立了动物组织中四环素、金霉素、土霉素、强力霉素、去甲基金霉素、甲烯土霉素和二甲胺四环素等7种四环素类抗生素残留量的液相色谱同时测定方法。方法采用Inertsil C8-3(5μm,250 mm×4.0 mm i.d)反相色谱柱,以pH 4.0的EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲溶液为提取溶液,以HLB固相萃取柱为净化柱,流动相为甲醇+乙腈+0.01mol/L三氟乙酸(梯度洗脱),流速1.5 mL/min,检测波长350 nm,进样量100μL。方法的检出限为1.5~5.0μg/kg,测定低限为50μg/kg,线性范围为50~1200μg/kg,加标回收率为73.8%~103%,相对标准偏差为0.5%~8.5%。方法适用于动物肌肉、肝脏和肾脏组织中7种四环素类抗生素残留量的同时检测。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定牛奶中四环素类抗生素及其代谢产物

建立了牛奶中四环素、金霉素、土霉素、强力霉素、去甲基金霉素、甲烯土霉素和二甲胺四环素等7种四环素类抗生素及差向四环素、差向金霉素、差向土霉素等3种代谢产物多残留的液相色谱串联质谱同时测定方法。方法采用Inertsil C8-3(5μm,150 mm×2.1 mm i.d)反相色谱柱,以pH 4.0的EDTA-M c llvaine缓冲溶液为提取溶液,以HLB固相萃取柱为净化柱,流动相为甲醇 0.01 mol/L三氟乙酸(梯度洗脱),流速0.3mL/m in,以正离子多反应监测模式测定,进样量30μL。方法的检出限为0.5~10μg/kg;测出限为50μg/kg;线性范围为50~1200μg/L,加标回收率为74.4%~101%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~8.3%。本方法具有灵敏、准确、简便、快速等优点,适用于牛奶中四环素类抗生素及其代谢产物多残留的同时确证检测。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定兔血浆中的灯盏乙素

建立一种测定兔血浆中灯盏乙素浓度的高效液相色谱法.以芦丁为内标,采用甲醇沉淀蛋白法对血浆样品进行预处理.HPLC色谱柱为Kromasil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μn),流动相为水(用醋酸调pH 3.0)-乙腈(7822),检测波长335 nm,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温为室温;本法的线性范围为0.025～4μg/mL,最低定量浓度为0.025 μg/mL;方法回收率为95.9%～104.8%,日内RSD为1.9%～7.3%,日间RSD为1.9%～8.9%.方法学评价结果表明本方法灵敏、准确,操作简便,可用于深入研究灯盏乙素在动物体内的药代动力学过程.     

高效毛细管电泳-电导检测对四环素衍生物分离测定的研究

运用毛细管电泳-电导检测方法对4种四环素衍生物——土霉素(OTC)、金霉素(CTC)、强力霉素(DOC)和四环素(TC)的分离进行了研究。在3．5mmol/L三羟基氨基甲烷(Tris)-7．5mmol/L柠檬酸(Cit)pH4．0的运行缓冲液中，4种四环素衍生物在15min内获得完全分离。四环素衍生物的线性范围分别为5．0-500μg/mL OTC，3．6-420μg/mL CTC，4.5-470μg/mL DOC和2.5-400μg/mL TC。检测限(S／N＝3)分别为OTC2．0μg/mL，CTC 1．8μg／mL，DOC2．5μg/mL和TC1．0μg/mL。采用本法对实际样品强力霉素片中强力霉素和土霉素片中土霉素进行测定，回收率分别为97．2％和96.4％。     

毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光检测法分离检测谷胱甘肽及其构成氨基酸

以4-氯-7-硝基苯并-2-氧杂-1,3-二唑(NBD-Cl)为柱前衍生试剂,建立了一种毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光直接检测氧化型和还原型谷胱甘肽及其构成氨基酸(谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸)的新方法。经过实验条件的优化,采用25 mmol/L硼砂-20 mmol/L聚氧乙烯月桂醚(Brij-35)-5%乙腈(pH 9.5)的缓冲体系,在柱温为25°C、分离电压为20 kV的条件下,压力进样3447.5 Pa(0.5 psi)×3 s,五种物质在11 min内实现高效基线分离。在该方法下,还原型谷胱甘肽、氧化型谷胱甘肽、谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸的线性范围分别为:1～50μg/mL,1～50μg/mL,0.5～25μg/mL,1～50μg/mL,0.1～20μg/mL;检测限分别为:0.1μg/mL,0.1μg/mL,0.005μg/mL,0.1μg/mL,0.001μg/mL。以还原型谷胱甘肽钠粉针剂为样品,方法的加标回收率为99.5%～110.7%,相对标准偏差为0.26%～3.272%(n=3)。该方法准确、快速、灵敏、检测限低,有望用于样品中氧化型和还原型谷胱甘肽及其构成氨基酸的含量分析。     

HPLC法测定人房水中氧氟沙星的含量

建立人房水中氧氟沙星的高效液相色谱测定法.取房水100 μL,加甲醇去蛋白后,进高效液相色谱分析.色谱条件:色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6× 150 mm,5μm),柱温25℃,流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸(三乙胺调pH 3.5)(13:87),流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长295 nm.氧氟沙星和内标的保留时间分别为7.98和9.55 min,氧氟沙星的线性范围为0.1～2.5μg/mL,回归方程为Y=2.47X+0.08,r=0.9996.低中高三个质控样品的日内精密度(RSD)分别为1.89%,1.71%,1.48%,日间精密度(RSD)分别为3.74%,2.40%,1.75%,方法回收率分别为99.43%,101.4%,101.4%,最低检测浓度为0.01μg/mL.本法操作简单,方法准确,可用于房水中氧氟沙星的含量测定.     

分子印迹固相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水和牛奶中三种四环素类药物

以土霉素为模板分子制备了分子印迹固相微萃取涂层,建立了选择性萃取、高效液相色谱法同时测定牛奶和水样中四环素、盐酸土霉素和金霉素三种四环素类抗生素的分析方法。将0.1mmol盐酸土霉素在功能单体和交联剂的作用下制备分子印迹预聚合液,将经多巴胺处理后的不锈钢丝前端1~2cm置入其中,制备分子印迹固相微萃取涂层。3mL牛奶和水样经涂层萃取50min、解析5min,乙腈-10mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,pH=3)作为流动相,二极管阵列检测器(DAD)定量分析。实验结果表明,分子印迹涂层对四环素类目标物的特异性选择明显优于非印迹涂层。三种目标抗生素在100~1 000μg/L(牛奶)和10~1 000μg/L(水样)浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数在0.9959以上,四环素、盐酸土霉素和金霉素的检出限(S/N=3)为40~80μg/L(牛奶)和5~10μg/L(水样);加标水平为500μg/L时,回收率范围97.8%~109.0%,相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为5.3%~8.2%(牛奶),3.7%~6.4%(水样)。该方法前处理简单、绿色环保、选择性好、精密度好、回收率高,可用于牛奶和水样中上述三种四环素的实际检测。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定甘草酸及其发酵产物

建立甘草酸发酵液中甘草酸及其发酵产物乌拉尔甘草皂苷乙、3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸-24-OH-18β-甘草次酸、单葡萄糖醛酸甘草次酸、18α-单葡萄糖醛酸甘草次酸和甘草次酸的RP-HPLC含量测定方法,为单葡萄糖醛酸甘草次酸的生产工艺研究及产品质量控制提供方法学基础。采用Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇(B)-1%乙酸溶液(A)为流动相进行梯度洗脱:0 min,63%B;40 min,66%B;50 min,75%B;70 min,90%B;80 min,90%B。体积流速:1.0 mL/min;进样量:10μL;柱温:25℃;检测波长:254 nm。甘草酸、乌拉尔甘草皂苷乙、3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸-24-OH-18β-甘草次酸、单葡萄糖醛酸甘草次酸、18α-单葡萄糖醛酸甘草次酸和甘草次酸的线性范围分别为11.25~180.0μg/mL(r=0.9986);3.031~96.99μg/mL(r=0.9978);2.595~83.00μg/mL(r=0.9999);62.50~2000μg/mL(r=0.9999);11.25~180.0μg/mL(r=0.9980);1.560~50.00μg/mL(r=0.9992);平均回收率(n=9)分别为98.3%,101.2%,98.4%,101.9%,101.7%,97.42%,RSD分别为2.5%,1.4%,0.96%,2.8%,0.73%,0.32%。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定祛痘产品中6种抗生素及甲硝唑

建立了一种高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)同时测定祛痘产品中6种抗生素(盐酸美满霉素、土霉素、盐酸四环素、盐酸金霉素、盐酸多西环素和氯霉素)及甲硝唑的分析方法。样品用甲醇提取,采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离;以甲醇、乙腈和0.002 mol/L草酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min;柱温20 ℃,检测波长268 nm,进样量10 μL,外标法定量。结果表明,6种抗生素及甲硝唑在1～30 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均不低于0.9970;方法检出限为1.1～1.2 μg/g;高、中、低(5、10、20 mg/L) 3个添加水平下的回收率为91.9%～107.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.13%～1.74%。应用该方法对祛痘产品进行检验,15%的样品中检出甲硝唑。该方法具有灵敏、准确、快速、分离效果好的优点,适用于祛痘产品中6种抗生素及甲硝唑的检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.