Influence of functional graphene as filler on the tribological behaviors of Nomex fabric/phenolic composite

Graphene and polystyrene functionalized graphene (PS-graphene) had been synthesized, and were employed as fillers to improve the anti-wear property and load-carrying capacity of Nomex fabric/phenolic composites. Pin-on-disk type wear tests show that the friction coefficients and wear rates for both graphene and PS-graphene filled fabric/phenolic composites were reduced, when compared with unfilled fabric composite. Moreover, it was found that the 2 wt% PS-graphene filled Nomex fabric/phenolic composites exhibited the optimal tribological properties. The enhancement on the wear property of graphene and PS-graphene filled Nomex fabric composite was mainly due to the self-lubrication of graphene and the easy-formed transfer film on the counterpart pin. We also investigated the effect of filler content, applied load, and sliding speed on the tribological properties of the Nomex fabric/phenolic composites.     

Influence of Surface Modification on Tribo-Performance of Hybrid Glass/PTFE Fabric Composite with Phenolic Resin Binder

The fabric/phenolic composites with the pure and silanized hybrid glass/PTFE fabric were prepared by dip-coating of the hybrid glass/PTFE fabrics in a phenolic resin. The friction and wear performances of the resulting fabric composites were evaluated using pin-on-disc wear tester. The composition change of the glass fabric in hybrid glass/PTFE fabric after silanization was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The morphologies of the composite structures and the worn surfaces of the composites were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the fabric/phenolic composite with the β-aminoethyltrimethoxylsilane silanized hybrid glass/PTFE fabric can obtain the highest load-carrying capacity and the best wear-resistance, followed by the composite with γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane silanized hybrid glass/PTFE fabric. Chemical reactions have achieved as the hybrid glass/PTFE fabric was silanized with β-aminoethyltrimethoxyl silane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane, which contribute to strengthen the bonding strength between the fabric and the adhesive and hence to improve the tribological properties of the hybrid glass/PTFE fabric composites.     

Friction and wear of Synfluo 180XF wax and nano-Al2O3 filled Nomex fabric composites

Nomex fabric composites filled with the particulates of Synfluo 180XF wax (SFW) and nano-Al₂O₃ was prepared by dip-coating of Nomex fabric in a phenolic resin containing particulates to be incorporated and the successive curing. The friction and wear performance of the pure and filled Nomex fabric composites sliding against AISI-1045 steel in a pin-on-disk configuration were evaluated on a Xuanwu-III high temperature friction and wear tester. The microstructure of the composites, and the morphologies of the worn surfaces and the morphologies of counterpart steel pins were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. And the elemental plane distribution of Al on the cross-section of the Nomex fabric composites filled with nano-Al₂O₃ was analyzed with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDAX). The results showed that the addition of Synfluo 180XF wax in composites have the potential to increase wear resistance and friction reduction of Nomex fabric composites, and the addition of the nano-Al₂O₃ with the optimum mass fraction in composites can improve the anti-wear ability of the composites. Besides the self-properties of the filler, the character of the microstructure of the Nomex fabric composites filled with different particles, coupled with the character of the transfer film, largely accounts for the improved anti-wear and friction-reducing abilities of the filled Nomex fabric composites as compared with the unfilled one.     

纳米TiO2与炭纤维协同填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

考察了不同含量的纳米二氧化钛对炭纤维/聚四氟乙烯复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜分析了磨损面、磨屑及对偶面转移膜形貌,并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明,纳米TiO2与炭纤维能够很好地协同增强聚四氟乙烯,改变磨屑形成机理,有利于形成均匀致密的转移膜,明显提高CF/PTFE复合材料的耐磨性。当纳米TiO2含量为5%时,10?/PTFE复合材料表现出最佳的耐磨性,耐磨性又提高了2.77倍,而磨屑尺寸只有未加时的1/20。     

高填充Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料的摩擦学特性

利用凝胶注模方法可以制备出高填充含量的Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料。考察了PTFE对高填充聚合物复合材料摩擦学性能的影响，并对复合材料的磨损机理进行了探讨。研究表明．在适当高的填充条件下．复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能可以得到一定的改善，PTFE的填充将降低Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料的力学性能，并使材料的摩擦系数有所增大；但是复合材料的耐磨特性可以得到显著改善。高填充含量的PTFE-Al2O3聚丙烯酰胺复合材料表现出了摩阻材料特性。Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料的磨损主要表现为磨粒磨损特征。     

PPESK树脂基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

以含二氮杂萘酮结构的聚醚砚酮（ＰＰＥＳＫ）树脂为基体,填加固体润滑剂和短炭纤维（ＣＦ）制备了新型耐热脂基复合材料,研究了摩擦条件下（如载荷,行程等）和ＣＦ含量对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响,分析了ＰＰＥＳK树脂及复合材料的磨损机理,结果表明,短ＣＦ和固体润滑剂的加入可有效改善ＰＰＥＳＫ的摩擦磨损性能,当ＣＦ含量为１０％时,复合材料的摩擦系数与聚西四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ）相当,但比磨损率降低２个数量级,与纯树脂相比,磨擦系数减小为原来的二分之一,而复合材料的磨损特性主要表现为粘着磨损,ＰＰＥＳＫ树脂基复合材料批基体,聚四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ）具有更好的耐磨性和自润滑性。     

纳米SiC与石墨填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

考察了不同含量的纳米SiC对石墨/聚四氟乙烯复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜分析了磨损表面,并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明:纳米SiC与石墨能够很好地协同增强聚四氟乙烯,纳米SiC的加入大大提高了复合材料的承载能力,石墨的加入减少了纳米SiC与对偶面的摩擦系数,从而降低了纳米SiC的脱落趋势,提高了复合材料的耐磨性。当纳米SiC含量为5%时,5%石墨/PTFE复合材料表现出最佳的耐磨性,具有一定的应用价值。     

Study on the friction and wear behavior of basalt fabric composites filled with graphite and nano-SiO2

To improve the friction and wear behavior of basalt fabric reinforced phenolic composites, single graphite or nano-SiO₂ and both of them were incorporated. The tribological properties of the resulting composites under different sliding conditions were investigated systematically on a model ring-on-block test rig. The friction and wear mechanisms of the composites were studied through analyzing the worn surfaces and transfer films by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results showed that graphite (Gr) was more beneficial than nano-SiO₂ in improving the tribological properties of basalt fabric composites (BFC) when they were singly incorporated. It is well worth noting that the friction and wear behavior of the filled composites was improved further when nano-SiO₂ and graphite were added together, indicating that there was a synergistic effect between them. Tribological tests under different sliding conditions revealed that the BFC/Gr/SiO₂ composites seemed to be more suitable for tribological applications under higher sliding speed and load.     

莫来石与碳纤维协同填充的聚四氟乙烯基复合材料及其摩擦学性能

为了提高聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）的摩擦学性能,采用机械混匀、带温预压及烧结等工艺制备了莫来石和碳纤维填充的PTFE基复合材料,并通过FTIR、XRD、万能材料试验机、洛氏硬度计、DSC及热机械分析分别表征了PTFE基复合材料的显微结构、力学性能和热学性能;然后,使用MRH-3 型高速环块磨损试验机测定了复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率,通过自制的硅油砂浆磨损装置测定了复合材料在不同温度下的耐砂浆磨损性能;最后,借助3D测量激光显微镜研究了复合材料摩擦面形貌,并分析了摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:莫来石和碳纤维在PTFE体系中起到填充增强作用,20wt%莫来石-10wt%碳纤维/PTFE复合材料的弹性模量由364 MPa增加至874 MPa;20wt%莫来石-10wt%碳纤维/PTFE复合材料的干摩擦系数较大,但其磨损率与纯PTFE相比降低了3个数量级以上,且此复合材料在水摩擦条件下仍能保持较好的摩擦系数和磨损率,摩擦系数为0.157,磨损率为7.40×10-6 mm3·N-1·m-1;此外,20wt%莫来石-10wt%碳纤维/PTFE复合材料在较高温度下仍能表现出良好的耐砂浆磨损性能。所得结论表明改性得到的PTFE 基复合材料的摩擦学性能显著提高,复合材料可用于有杆抽油井防偏磨。      

Tribological properties of solid lubricants filled glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites

The main purpose of this paper is to further optimize the tribological properties of the glass fiber reinforced PA6 (GF/PA6,15/85 by weight) for high performance friction materials using single or combinative solid lubricants such as Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and the combination of both of them. Various polymer blends, where GF/PA6 acts as the polymer matrix and solid lubricants as the dispersed phase were prepared by injection molding. The tribological properties of these materials and the synergism as a result of the incorporation of both PTFE and UHMWPE were investigated. The results showed that, at a load of 40 N and a velocity of 200 rpm, PTFE was effective in improving the tribological capabilities of matrix material. On the contrary, UHMWPE was not conductive to maintain the structure integrity of GF/PA6 composite and harmful to the friction and wear properties. The combination of PTFE and UHMWPE showed synergism on further reducing the friction coefficient of the composites filled with either PTFE or UHMWPE only. Effects of load and velocity on tribological behavior were also discussed. To further understand the wear mechanism, the worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy.     

空心微珠-碳纤维共混改性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能

通过模压成型制备了碳纤维与空心微珠共混改性的聚酰亚胺复合材料, 采用MRH-3型摩擦磨损试验机研究了空心微珠含量、滑动速度及载荷对复合材料摩擦学性能的影响, 并对其磨损形貌及机制进行了分析。结果表明: 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦学性能优于其单独填充的聚酰亚胺基复合材料; 空心微珠含量对共混改性的复合材料摩擦系数影响不大, 但其磨损率随着空心微珠含量的增加先减小后增大; 15%空心微珠-10%碳纤维(质量分数)共混增强的复合材料的减摩耐磨性能最佳; 随着滑动速度提高, 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦系数下降, 磨损率增大; 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦系数随着载荷增加先下降后上升, 而磨损率则随着载荷增加而增大; 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺的主要磨损机制在较低载荷时为磨粒磨损, 在较高载荷时为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

埃洛石-玻纤/聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损热膨胀及力学性能

采用冷压成型烧结工艺制备出玻璃纤维（GF）和埃洛石（HNTs）填充的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复合材料。研究了填料类型及不同配比的填料对PTFE复合材料的界面、摩擦学性能、线膨胀系数及力学性能的影响。结果表明:适量填充HNTs可以提升GF/PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损、热膨胀及力学性能。填充2.0%HNTs时的HNTs-GF/PTFE复合材料比GF/PTFE复合材料的磨损率降低32.7%,高温时HNTs-GF/PTFE复合材料的线膨胀系数（CTE）比纯PTFE降低近2个数量级,断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高40.0%、2.3%和7.1%。      

PTFE及纳米粒子改性环氧树脂基聚酯织物增强复合材料的拉伸及摩擦学性能

为了研究填料(纳米粒子和PTFE)对聚酯织物增强复合材料的拉伸及摩擦学性能(轴向及偏轴方向)的影响,使用手糊成型的方法制备了四种环氧树脂基聚酯织物增强复合材料.根据拉伸应力-应变曲线和断口形貌图讨论了拉伸断裂机理.使用环-块式结构的Amsler摩擦磨损试验机测试织物增强复合材料的摩擦学性能.结果表明:对于纯环氧树脂/织物增强复合材料来说,聚酯织物在整个织物增强复合材料的拉伸和摩擦磨损测试中起到了主要的抗拉和耐磨作用;但当在环氧树脂中加入填料后,环氧树脂基体在抗拉和耐磨性方面起到了越来越重要的作用.拉伸性能的提高是由于纤维-基体间界面的改善;由于填料具有优异的摩擦磨损性能,从而使织物增强复合材料的摩擦学性能得到了提高;并且纳米粒子和PTFE对于织物复合材料性能的提高起到了协同的作用.织物增强复合材料偏轴方向的拉伸性能和摩擦学性能与其在轴向的拉伸性能和摩擦学性能不同.     

固体润滑剂对芳纶纤维增强尼龙66材料摩擦学性能的影响

本文研究了PTFE和MoS2两种固体润滑剂对芳纶纤维(AF)增强尼龙66(PA66)复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,进行了摩擦学测试,利用扫描电镜对其磨损微观形貌进行分析.结果表明,PTFE有效改善了复合材料的摩擦学性能,降低了材料的摩擦系数,提高了耐磨性;MoS2的加入并未改善其摩擦学性能.XPS分析表明:MoS2在摩擦过程中发生摩擦化学反应,生成了MoO3,产生严重的磨粒磨损.     

PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能及力学性能

利用MM-200型磨损试验机,对不同填料填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,并探讨了淬火处理对PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能及力学性能的影响.研究发现,几乎所有填料均可大大降低PTFE复合材料的磨损,但其对PTFE复合材料性能的影响差别较大.聚苯脂填充PTFE复合材料虽然具有良好的摩擦磨损性能,但是其拉伸强度较小.PI增大了PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数,随着PI含量的增加,PTFE复合材料的拉伸强度增大,而其伸长率则减小.CdO填充PTFE复合材料虽具有良好的摩擦性能,但其伸长率较大.淬火处理使PTFE复合材料的结晶度下降,从而导致PTFE复合材料的硬度减小、耐磨性变差.     

碳纤维及石墨填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

利用M-200型环-块摩擦磨损试验机对石墨(Gr.)及碳纤维(CF)填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,探讨了石墨及碳纤维的协同润滑效应.认为碳纤维的加入大大提高了复合材料的承载能力,石墨的加入减小了碳纤维表面与对偶的摩擦系数,从而降低了碳纤维的脱落趋势,提高了复合材料的耐磨性.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对PTFE复合材料的摩擦面及对偶转移膜进行了观察.结果表明,本实验中20%的石墨和10%碳纤维填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能最好,且在高载荷下的摩擦磨损性能尤为突出,具有一定的应用价值.     

不同压力下聚四氟乙烯复合材料的磨损行为

对炭纤维等无机填料增强的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料在低、中、高压下的摩擦磨损行为进行了研究。利用扫描电子显微镜分析了材料的磨损状况,利用差热扫描量热分析仅、X射线衍射仪对材料的热性能及结晶性能进行了分析,并与材料的摩擦、磨损性能相联系．研究结果表明．高压摩擦环境中,蠕变的发生是加速PTFE复合材料磨损、恶化材料性能的主要原因;高比表面填料的加入会提高复合材料的熔化热,有助于降低材料的磨损率;结晶度的提高对增强复合材料的耐蠕变性有明显的效果。     

The tribological behavior of nanometer and micrometer TiO2 particle-filled polytetrafluoroethylene/polyimide

The friction and wear properties of micrometer and nanometer TiO₂ particle-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/polyimide (PI) composites were studied in this paper. The effect of filler contents (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 5% and 7 vol.%) on the tribological properties was examined. The transfer films and the worn surfaces of the PTFE/PI composites filled with micrometer and nanometer TiO₂ particles were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental results show that anti-wear properties of the PTFE/PI composites can be improved greatly by filling nanometer TiO₂ particles. The wear rate of 1.5% nanometer TiO₂ filled composite is the lowest, which is about 52% lower than that of PTFE/PI. In the case of micrometer TiO₂ filler, the friction coefficient and wear rates increase with increasing filler volume fractions under identical test conditions. It was also found that the wear mechanism of micrometer TiO₂ particle-filled PTFE/PI is mainly severe adhesion and abrasive wear, while that of nanometer TiO₂ particle-filled PTFE/PI is mainly slight abrasive wear.     

纳米SiC与PI填充改性PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

以纳米碳化硅(Nano-SiC)和聚酰亚胺(PI)为填料,经过机械共混、冷压成型和烧结等工艺制备Nano-SiC与PI共同填充改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料。利用MRH-3型环-块摩擦实验机研究不同实验条件下复合材料的摩擦磨损性能并记录磨损表面温度变化。通过扫描电镜观察试样磨损表面和转移膜形貌,分析其磨损机理。结果表明:纳米粒子含量、载荷和速度的变化会引起磨损表面温度发生变化,影响复合材料的摩擦磨损特性,复合材料磨损表面形貌和转移膜形貌也随之改变;随着纳米粒子含量增加,摩擦温升更快进入平稳阶段,有利于降低复合材料的磨损率;载荷由100N增加至400N,速度由1m/s增加至4m/s时,复合材料的摩擦磨损特性大幅下降,磨损表面形貌和转移膜形貌有显著变化,重载和高速条件下复合材料的磨损率高;环境温度在室温到135℃变化时复合材料的摩擦性能变化不明显。     

稀土处理玻璃纤维填充PTFE复合材料的滑动磨损性能

研究了不同玻璃纤维表面处理对PTFE复合材料在干摩擦条件下滑动磨损性能的影响,并借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了磨损机理。结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,经表面处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数和摩擦表面温度比未经处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料的低,且减磨性能优于未经处理的;而稀土处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数和摩擦表面温度最低,减磨性能最好;未经处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料和偶联剂处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料都发生了剧烈的粘着转移;偶联剂与稀土处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料的磨损机理主要是明显的磨粒磨损;稀土处理玻璃纤维填充PTFE复合材料的磨损形式主要是粘着转移和轻微的磨粒磨损。