上海市某养老院老年人生活质量的影响因素分析

目的了解上海市某养老院老年人的生活质量及其影响因素,为行业管理部门制定养老服务的相关政策提供依据。方法2011年12月应用简明健康状况调查表（SF-36）、社会支持评定量表、老年抑郁量表（GDS）和孤独量表（UCLA—LS）对养老院内160名老年人进行调查,分析影响养老院老年人生活质量的因素以及生活质量与社会支持、抑郁、孤独的相关性。结果总调查人数160名,占该养老院老人总数的76．2％,年龄分布范围为60—98岁,平均年龄（82．0±8．8）岁。逐步多元线性回归分析显示,养老院老人生活质量中与生理功能明显相关的影响因素有3个,分别是有无子女、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价;与生理职能、社会功能、活力及情感职能明显相关的影响因素有3个,分别是有年龄、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价;与躯体疼痛明显相关的影响因素有2个,分别是性别、自我健康状况评价;与总体健康明显相关的影响因素有4个,分别是年龄、参加体育活动频率、慢性病数目、自我健康状况评价;与精神健康明显相关的影响因素有4个,分别是年龄、居住状况、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价。Spearman秩相关分析显示,养老院老人客观支持与生活质量量表中情感职能、精神健康呈正相关,其主观支持、对社会支持利用度、社会支持总分与生活质量量表各维度均呈正相关;养老院老人其抑郁分值、孤独分值与生活质量量表各维度均呈负相关。结论影响养老院内老年人生活质量的因素众多,社会及家庭应予以关注。     

上海市社区空巢老人生活质量的影响因素分析

目的了解上海市社区空巢老年人的生活质量及其影响因素,为政府有关部门完善相关政策提供依据。方法采用简明健康状况调查表、社会支持评定量表、老年抑郁量表和孤独量表对212名社区空巢老人进行现况调查,分析生活质量的影响因素以及生活质量与社会支持、抑郁、孤独的相关性。结果经逐步多元线性回归分析,影响社区空巢老人生活质量的主要因素有年龄、参加体育活动频率、慢性病数目、自我健康状况评价、1年内是否住院过,部分因子与有无配偶、有无子女、居住状况、脉压、腰臀比有关。Spearman秩相关性分析发现,社区空巢老人客观支持、主观支持、对社会支持利用度、社会支持总分与生活质量量表各维度均呈正相关;社区空巢老人其抑郁分值、孤独分值与生活质量量表各维度均呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论影响社区空巢老年人生活质量的因素众多,社会及家庭应予以关注,尤其是高龄、患慢性病、无配偶、无子女、经济收入差、缺乏社会支持的空巢老人,共同为老年人营造幸福安康的生活环境,以提高其生活质量。     

成都市高校离退休老年人社会支持状况分析

[目的]调查高校离退休老年人的社会支持状况,为提高老年人生活质量提供参考依据.[方法]采用问卷调查方式.对成都市3所大学326名离退休老人进行问卷调查.[结果]此次调查的高校离退休人群的社会支持总得分为32.14±6.67,高休人群获得的社会支持低于退休人群.[结论]物质和社会保障水平不是决定社会支持高低的唯一因素,高龄老人和单身老人应该得到更多的社会支持.     

城市社区老年人生活质量研究

目的 描述社区老年人生活质量的现状,探讨影响老年人生活质量的相关因素.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,应用世界卫生组织生活质量量表和社会支持评定量表等对北京市西城区60~80岁老人进行生活质量调查.结果 在2342名社区老人中,91.89%能获得社会支持,6.32%有焦虑情绪,8.58%有抑郁情绪.老年人的生活质量与家庭类型、家人关系、月收入、退休适应、情绪调节、锻炼、焦虑、抑郁和社会支持等因素有关.结论 北京市西城区老年人生活质量及获得的社会支持均较高,生活质量与家庭类型等诸多因素有关.     

贵阳市城区老年人生活质量研究

目的　探讨城市老年人生活质量现状及其影响因素。方法　在贵阳市城区采用整群抽样方法，用标准量表调查了９６６ 名６０ 岁及以上的老年人。结果　慢性病的患病率为５７８％ ，ＡＤＬ和ＩＡＤＩ损害率分别为９４％ 和２３２％ ，ＬＳＩＡ 平均得分为２９８５ 分，５３７％ 的人经历过负性事件，２３２％ 的老年人社会支持程度相对较低。多因素分析结果表明，年龄、收入状况、健康自评、慢性病、日常生活功能、负性生活事件、社会支持程度等与老年人生活质量高度关联。结论　老年人生活质量受较多因素影响，有必要采取综合措施来改善他们的整体健康水平，从而提高其生活质量。     

城镇老年人健康自我感觉影响因素的分析

目的：为了研究城镇老年人健康自我感觉及其影响因素。方法：对福建省９３３名６０岁以上城镇老人进行访谈调查,调查资料用ＥｐｉＩｎｆｏ软件进行统计分析。结果：老年人身体状况与健康自我感觉相一致,老年人心理状态,家庭状况,生活方式,经济状况对老年人健康自我感觉有显著影响。结论：建议加强老年人的心理卫生保健工作和健康教育,提高老年人自我保健意识,增强家庭、社会对老年人的关心。     

广东省东莞市随迁老人主观幸福感分析

目的比较东莞市随迁老人和本地老人的主观幸福感水平,分析影响随迁老人幸福感的主要因素。方法以社区为基础进行问卷调查,对东莞市≥60岁且无东莞户口的478名随迁老人和≥60岁且拥有东莞户口的439名当地老年人进行调查。采用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福量表评估老年人主观幸福感水平,并采用多元回归分析来探索个人、家庭、社会等对幸福感的影响因素。结果与东莞本地老人(12.11±9.55)分相比,东莞的随迁老人的主观幸福感较高(14.25±8.42)分(P=0.001)。研究发现,不同婚姻状况、居住状态、健康状况及儿女孝顺程度是影响东莞市随迁老人主观幸福感总分的因素。家庭支持、朋友支持、其他支持以及领悟社会支持与总幸福感成正相关(相关系数分别为0.302、0.206、0.257、0.291),社会支持度越高,老人的幸福感也越强。结论随迁老年人幸福感的影响因素包括来自个人、家庭及社会的影响。因此在提高随迁老年人幸福感的对策方面,应考虑多维因素及综合的应对策略:即个体关注、家庭关注、社会关注和政策关注。     

陕北农村老年人主观幸福感的调查分析

目的调查陕北农村地区老年人主观幸福状况及其影响因素并提出相应调节策略。方法采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)与主观幸福感量表(PGC)对陕北地区514名老人进行调查。结果 1陕北农村地区老年人主观幸福感平均得分为(12.58±5.19)分;2陕北农村地区老年人社会支持总分范围13~52分,平均(34.25±7.24)分;3影响老年人主观幸福感的因素按强度大小依次为社会支持、患慢性病状况、家庭关系状况和月收入。结论陕北农村地区老年人主观幸福感处于中等水平,应根据不同影响因素,采取策略加强老年人主观幸福感从而提高其生活质量。     

河南农村老年人生活质量及其影响因素

目的了解河南省农村老年人生活质量及其影响因素,为相关行业及政府部门完善相关政策提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样法抽取河南省6个地市60个自然村共4 850名农村老年人,采用自编健康状况问卷和SF-36健康调查简表进行问卷调查。结果 4 850名老年人生活质量8个维度得分从高到低依次为情感职能(70.20±25.81)分,活力(66.33±14.85)分,生理功能(63.46±22.45)分,生理职能(63.15±26.11)分,精神健康(61.2±11.1)分,一般健康状况(50.10±11.64)分,社会功能(44.60±13.00)分和躯体疼痛(36.06±22.04)分;多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,河南农村老年人生活质量的主要影响因素为年龄、婚姻状况、配偶情况、子女数、子女孝敬程度、是否患慢性病、居住方式(P0.05)。结论河南农村老年人生活质量较差,生活质量影响因素具有多维性;子女的关心、照顾和家庭的温暖,完善农村医疗保健制度和提高医疗水平,加大社会支持可提高农村老人的生活质量。     

石河子垦区老年人社会支持现状及影响因素

目的了解石河子垦区老年人社会支持状况及其影响因素,为制定老年人健康干预措施及相关政策提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法分别抽取市区和团场各7个社区的1 400名≥60岁常住老年人,采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评估老年人社会支持现状,用一般资料调查表和日常生活自理能力量表和孤独量表(UCLA)评估其影响因素。结果共收回有效问卷1 398份,调查对象平均年龄为(71.81±5.99)岁,老年人社会支持总分为15～56,平均得分为36.08±6.30。获得社会支持低水平有17人,占1.2%;中等水平有1 221人,占87.3%;高水平有160人,占11.4%。影响垦区老年人社会支持状况的主要因素有年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、睡眠及锻炼情况、生活满意度和孤独感水平。结论石河子垦区老年人社会支持状况有待提高,应重视并给予老年人精神文化支持,进一步开拓和完善政府、非政府组织对其关怀与帮助,提升晚年幸福感。     

Contribution of interaction with family,friends and neighbours,and sense of neighbourhood attachment to survival in senior citizens: 5-year follow-up study

This study examines how social engagement with family, friends and neighbours and a sense of attachment to neighbourhood are associated with 5-year survival among senior citizens in Japan. A cohort study was conducted with 3283 seniors of Tokyo born in 1903, 1908, 1913, or 1918 who were recruited from stratified random sampling of resident registration records of two cities in the Tokyo metropolitan area. They were administered with a questionnaire in 1992, and the responses were compared with their 5-year survival status in 1997. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that activities with family, friends and neighbours are significant predictors of 5-year survival of senior citizens, independent of the baseline demographics, lifestyle and health status. The analysis further indicated that a sense of attachment to neighbourhood (i.e., expression of a desire to continue staying in the current residential area) significantly predicts 5-year survival of female senior citizens and enhances the survival benefits of activities with friends and neighbourhood activities. Our results highlight the importance of strengthening and enhancing the quality of community life to sustain the health and well-being of seniors and overcome challenges associated with an aging population.     

Representations of illness among the elderly in Mexico City

To examine the principle sociocultural characteristics of the illness experience in a group of senior citizens diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis, a total of 50 subjects over 60 years old were selected to answer an open-ended questionnaire. Using intentional non-probabilistic sampling, 25% of the sample were randomly selected, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. All individuals in the study are covered by social security institutions and receive medical care at a clinic located in southeastern Mexico City. Explanations for antecedents, causes, symptoms, and treatment of the illness relate to the individual social context. Although these seniors provided folk explanations for the causes of their illnesses, they treat themselves with a combination of biomedical and herbal resources. The authors conclude that it is necessary to analyze how the elderly live with chronic illness in order to propose effective measures to improve their quality of life and provision of health care services.     

北京市西城区社区老人社会支持随访研究

目的描述北京市西城区社区老年人社会支持的现状,探讨影响老年人社会支持的相关因素及有效的干预方法,为老年人心理健康管理提供理论依据。方法采用流行病学随访研究的方法,应用一般信息的问卷、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、焦虑(SAS)和抑郁(SDS)量表,采取分层整群抽样方法调查北京市西城区60～80岁2 342人社区老人。2 342人老人随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组采用健康教育、社区社会支持干预、个体心理疏导、团体心理指导和小组讨论干预方法进行社会支持干预;对照组观察其自然变化。结果北京市西城区2 342人社区老人中423人(18.1%)获得社会支持较少;1 469人(62.7%)获得中等社会支持;450人(19.2%)获得高社会支持。支持总分39.67(6.59);客观支持分9.47(2.47);主观支持分22.90(4.23);支持利用度7.30(2.21)。社会支持总分与婚姻、工作、家庭类型、家人关系、看电视、读书、养宠物、歌舞、性格、情绪调节、生活质量总分、幸福度总分、焦虑标准分和抑郁标准分相关。干预前干预组和对照组各项得分差异无统计学意义,干预后干预组客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度、支持总分评分明显高于干预前社会支持各方面的评分(P<0.05)。结论北京市西城区老年人社会支持与老人生活质量、幸福度、焦虑、抑郁等诸多因素有关。建议对社会支持较低的社区老人进行心理干预具有重要的公共卫生意义。     

Identifying community healthcare supports for the elderly and the factors affecting their aging care model preference: evidence from three districts of Beijing

Background

The Chinese tradition of filial piety, which prioritized family-based care for the elderly, is transitioning and elders can no longer necessarily rely on their children. The purpose of this study was to identify community support for the elderly, and analyze the factors that affect which model of old-age care elderly people dwelling in communities prefer.

Methods

We used the database “Health and Social Support of Elderly Population in Community”. Questionnaires were issued in 2013, covering 3 districts in Beijing. A group of 1036 people over 60 years in age were included in the study. The respondents’ profile variables were organized in Andersen’s Model and community healthcare resource factors were added. A multinomial logistic model was applied to analyze the factors associated with the desired aging care models.

Results

Cohabiting with children and relying on care from family was still the primary desired aging care model for seniors (78 %), followed by living in institutions (14.8 %) and living at home independently while relying on community resources (7.2 %).The regression result indicated that predisposing, enabling and community factors were significantly associated with the aging care model preference. Specifically, compared with those who preferred to cohabit with children, those having higher education, fewer available family and friend helpers, and shorter distance to healthcare center were more likely to prefer to live independently and rely on community support. And compared with choosing to live in institutions, those having fewer available family and friend helpers and those living alone were more likely to prefer to live independently and rely on community. Need factors (health and disability condition) were not significantly associated with desired aging care models, indicating that desired aging care models were passive choices resulted from the balancing of family and social caring resources.

Conclusions

In Beijing, China, aging care arrangement preference is the result of balancing family care resources, economic and social status, and the accessibility of community resources. Community facilities and services supporting elderly were found to be insufficient. For China’s future health system, efforts should be made to improve community capacity to provide integrated services to senior citizens.

     

合肥市蜀山区艾滋病患者生活质量与社会支持相关性分析

目的了解艾滋病患者生活质量及社会支持现状,并探讨其相关性。方法采用SF-36生活质量和社会支持评定量表问卷,整群抽取合肥市蜀山区25例接受免费抗病毒治疗的患者进行问卷调查。结果艾滋病患者在SF-36生活质量各领域得分均低于常模,与健康人群在躯体功能(PF)、总体健康(GH)、社会功能(SF)以及精神健康(MH)等领域差异有统计学意义(P0.05);社会支持总分29.04±6.96,与常模比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.97,P0.05),其中客观支持得分5.24±2.52,主观支持17.80±3.91,对支持的利用度6.00±2.33。情感职能与社会支持总分以及躯体功能与支持利用度呈明显正相关。结论艾滋病患者的生活质量受到人口学特征、疾病及相关因素、社会心理和社会支持等因素的影响,改善社会支持是提高他们生活质量的重要途径。     

急性职业性手外伤患者社会支持与生活质量调查研究

摘要：目的　了解急性职业性手外伤患者的社会支持、生活质量及两者之间的关系。方法　采用生活质量
评定量表（ＳＦ ３６）、社会支持量表（ＳＳＱ）和社会支持性质量表（ＩＳＥＬ） 测查了绍兴市两家医院１９４例急
性手外伤患者。应用ＳＰＳＳ１７．０软件对数据进行方差及Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ相关性等统计分析。结果　１９４例患者生活
质量得分显著低于正常人群,差异具有统计学意义（犘＜０．００１）;手外伤患者的社会支持满意度不高,均
分为（４．４７±０．６６）分;获得的物质支持最多（５．４２±２．０４）分,其次为信息支持（５．０５±２．２８）分、陪伴
支持（４．９６±２．０１） 分, 情绪支持最少（３．６５±１．４０）分; 其生活质量与社会支持成显著正相关（犘＜
０．０５）。结论　急性职业性手外伤患者的整体生活质量较差,社会支持较低,医护人员应尽可能提高患者对
社会支持的利用度,以提高患者的生活质量。
关键词：急性职业性手外伤;生活质量;社会支持
中图分类号：Ｒ１３５．９９　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０３ ０２６７ ０４     

社会参与对中国老年人抑郁水平的影响研究

目的：了解志愿型社会参与和个人型社会参与对老年人抑郁水平的影响,并探讨社会网络、社会适应和生活满意度的中介作用,为促进老年心理健康,实现积极老龄化提供实证依据。方法：基于中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)2018年数据中的6 939名老年人,使用两独立样本T检验进行单因素分析,利用OLS模型进行多因素分析,通过逐步回归和广义结构方程(GESM)估计中介效应。结果：我国老年人社会参与水平较低,无论是志愿型社会参与、个人型社会参与还是两种类型均参与都会显著抑制老年人抑郁水平。个人型社会参与通过提高老年人社会网络、社会适应和生活满意度抑制其抑郁水平,志愿型社会参与通过提高社会适应水平抑制其抑郁水平。结论：社会参与会降低老年人抑郁水平,政府和社区应鼓励老年人多参与到社会公益活动和娱乐型社交活动中去,提高社会网络、社会适应能力和生活质量,从而提高其心理健康水平。     

NUTRITION SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY:

During the past few years there has been a growing concern about the increasing population of senior citizens, and the increasing need to provide supportive services to maintain seniors within the community. The Nutrition Program for senior citizens is one of these supportive services, providing one daily meal for all seniors wishing to participate. In the Summer of 1980, the Hunger Task Force of the Community Council of Greater New York, in conjunction with the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, developed and conducted a survey of nutrition centers for senior citizens in Manhattan and the Bronx. The aim of the project was to review existing nutrition services for seniors, and to provide medical students with experiences in non-medical settings. Four medical students from the College visited 35 senior centers, interviewing program directors at each, and a total of 121 senior citizens. The results of the project showed, firstly, that the nutrition program is an important aspect in the lives of seniors, and that although there are both budget and time constraints, nutrition education is considered an important aspect of center services. Secondly, from the perspective of the medical students, the experiences of meeting and talking with seniors was an important one and the exposure to people in non-medical settings was considered to be a valuable one. This project was conducted under general program monies granted to the Hunger Task Force through the Community Development Agency, Community Food and Nutrition Program, and by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The results of this project indicate future directions in the field of nutrition services for the elderly. The medical students agreed that there are opportunities for placing students at senior centers to do nutrition education and nutrition counseling. Additional ideas included placing students on a long-term basis to work with a pre- and post-operative senior citizen patient, and working in conjunction with home visitor nurses. From the perspective of the social services, there are opportunities for developing coordinating councils of senior centers; developing in-depth guides on availability of nutrition education resource materials; and developing nutritionally-sound ethnic cook-books, targeted to senior citizens, with guides on easy-to-prepare balanced meals. These two facets of programs could be brought together in an inter-disciplinary fashion. The variety of opportunities for program development in this sphere of nutrition services for the elderly would significantly improve existing services, thereby enhancing the capacity of senior citizens to remain within the community.     

The efficacy of a senior outreach program in the reduction of hospital readmissions and emergency department visits among chronically ill seniors

This study reports on the effectiveness of a community-based senior outreach program in decreasing rehospitalizations and emergency department visits among chronically ill seniors. Participants had been repeatedly hospitalized with chronic illnesses and were subsequently served in an in-home program designed to address their psychosocial and medical needs. Participation in the program was found to be related to lower hospital readmission rates and emergency department usage. Clients also reported decreased financial concerns and depression and anxiety and increased social support. The study adds to the growing body of work supporting community-based programs as effective strategies for decreasing health care usage and improving quality of life for chronically ill seniors.