造纸用荧光增白剂已申请专利

这种用于纸张表面涂布的不泛黄的荧光增白剂含有三嗪类二苯乙烯[其结构见图,式中R,■。为 C_(1～5)烷胺基,C_(1～4)烷基醇胺、吗啉代、磺基乙胺基、氨基、(取代了的)苯胺基、(取代了的)苯氧基及甲氧基]和ε-己内酰胺。例如在涂料中混配入三嗪类二苯乙烯(R~1为苯氧基,R~2为2,5-二硫代苯胺基)、氧化淀粉、ε-己内酰胺,所得到的表面涂布纸张白度比未涂布纸高22.9点。这是日本化药公司的一项专利,详     

用于高得率浆纸张增白的二苯乙烯型水性聚氨酯荧光乳液的合成及其性能

为了改善二苯乙烯型荧光增白剂的光异构现象及在高得率浆纸表面的吸附性，以三聚氯氰为交联单体，将4,4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-2,2'-二磺酸、乙醇胺和对氨基苯磺酸依次引入同一个分子中制得荧光单体（SFBs），进一步将其作为扩链剂制备了二苯乙烯型水性聚氨酯荧光(SWPU)乳液。采用¹H NMR、FTIR、UV-vis、荧光光谱、乳液粒径分析仪和稳定性分析仪等对所制备的荧光单体和乳液的结构和性能进行表征，最后其SWPU乳液用于高得率（杨木化机浆APMP）纸张表面施胶，通过紫外光加速老化试验对比了空白纸样和经SWPU乳液涂布后纸样的白度值，通过抗张强度检测、纸样吸水性Cobb值检测对比纸样的物理性能变化。结果发现，制备的二苯乙烯型水性聚氨酯荧光乳液粒径分布窄，平均粒径为66.78nm，乳液稳定性良好，经SWPU乳液涂布后的纸样初始白度比空白纸样增加了15.6%(ISO)；经48h光老化处理，空白纸样白度降低了17.56%(ISO)，而涂布纸样的白度只降低了13.39%(ISO)；另外，涂布后纸样的抗张强度增大，Cobb值减小；说明制得的SWPU乳液在高得率浆纸表面有良好的吸附性，并具有一定的增白、抑制纸张返黄和提高纸张物理强度效果。     

嘧啶与联苯胺类共聚物的合成及表征

采用NaClO氧化联苯二胺成功合成了N,N′-二氯苯醌二亚胺、3,3′-二甲基-N,N′-二氯联苯醌二亚胺和3,3′-二甲氧基-N,N′-二氯联苯醌二亚胺,将其分别与4,6-二氯嘧啶采用金属配合物催化法共聚合,合成了3种新型共聚物:聚(N,N′-二氯联苯醌二亚胺-嘧啶)、聚(N,N′-二氯-3,3′-二甲基联苯醌二亚胺-嘧啶),聚(N,N′-二氯-3,3′-二甲氧基联苯醌二亚胺-嘧啶)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、循环伏安、充放电对共聚物进行结构与性能测试。结果表明:该类共聚物具有一定的电化学活性,每种共聚物均在-0.2~1.0 V出现一对氧化还原峰;聚(N,N′-二氯苯醌二亚胺-嘧啶)、聚(N,N′-二氯-3,3′-二甲基联苯醌二亚胺-嘧啶,聚(N,N′-二氯-3,3′-二甲氧基联苯醌二亚胺-嘧啶)的比电容分别为46.2,34.4,23.9 F/g。     

4,4′-(4,4′-砜基二苯氧基)二苯甲酰氯(SODBC)的合成

以对甲基苯酚、4,4′-二氯二苯砜为原料,通过亲核取代反应合成了4,4′-二(4-甲基苯氧基)二苯砜,用高锰酸钾将甲基氧化得到4,4′-(4,4′-砜基二苯氧基)二苯甲酸(SODBA),后者在二氯亚砜和路易斯碱的催化下合成了4,4′-(4,4′-砜基二苯氧基)二苯甲酰氯(SODBC)白色固体.用FT-IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、DSC等对其进行了表征,实验证明该化合物具有预期的结构和较高的纯度.     

两种联苯二酚化合物的制备及其在天然橡胶中的应用

制备3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-2,2′-联苯二酚和5,5′-二叔丁基-2,2′-联苯二酚,并研究其在天然橡胶(NR)中的应用。结果表明,以2,4-二叔丁基苯酚为单体、氯化铜和四甲基乙二胺为催化剂、甲醇为溶剂合成3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-2,2′-联苯二酚,再以3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-2,2′-联苯二酚为原料、氯化铝和硝基甲烷为催化剂、苯为溶剂制备5,5′-二叔丁基-2,2′-联苯二酚(为易于溶剂回收,后处理的重结晶采用四氯化碳单组分溶剂)是可行的;将3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-2,2′-联苯二酚和5,5′-二叔丁基-2,2′-联苯二酚作为防老剂用于NR中,胶料的抗硫化返原性能、耐热老化性能和热稳定性优于防老剂BHT胶料。     

三种星形咔唑衍生物的合成及光电性能

以咔唑、三芳胺及芴衍生物为原料,经甲基化、Ullmann、硼酸化、Suzuki偶联等反应合成了3种星形咔唑衍生物:1-[(4′-N,N-二苯基胺基)苯基]-3,5-二[4-(9H′-9′-咔唑基)苯基]苯(NCBP)、1,3-二[4-(9H′-9′-咔唑基)苯基]-5-[2-(9′,9′-二甲基)芴基]苯(MCPF)和1,3-二[4-(9H′-9′-咔唑基)苯基]-5-{2-[7′-(9H″-9″-咔唑基)]-(9′,9′-二甲基)芴基}苯(MCCPF)。通过IR、1HNMR、MS、元素分析等手段对其分子结构进行了表征,并测得了它们在二氯甲烷溶液中的紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱以及在DMF中的循环伏安行为。研究结果表明,该类化合物发蓝色荧光,HOMO能级分别为:-5.71、-5.70和-5.69 eV,根据已发表文献推测可作为有效空穴传输和主体材料。     

脂环二酐与不同二胺制备浅色透明聚酰亚胺薄膜

使用两步法,以环丁烷四甲酸二酐(CBDA)为二酐,分别与4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)、4,4′-亚甲基双(2-乙基)苯胺(M-OEA)、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二乙基苯胺)(M-DEA)、4,4′-二氨基苯酰替苯胺(DABA)、4,4′-二氨基-2,2′-二甲基-1,1′-联苯(M-Tol)合成一系列浅色透明的聚酰亚胺。通过红外光谱仪、紫外可见光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪、静态热机械分析仪、热失重分析仪和万能材料试验机对薄膜进行表征分析。结果表明：薄膜已亚胺化完全,整体为无定形结构,玻璃化转变温度(T_g)最高可达259.18℃,初始分解温度在450℃以上,800℃的质量残留率最高为58.98%,热膨胀系数(CTE)最低为22.31×10^-6℃^-1,断裂伸长率在2.21%～10.62%范围内,具有良好的力学性能,薄膜在450 nm处的紫外光透过率最高可达89.07%。     

燃料电池用磺化聚酰亚胺质子交换膜的合成及性能

制备的磺化二胺单体4,4′-二(4-氨基苯氧基)联苯-3,3′-二磺酸(BAPBDS)、2,2′-双(4-磺酸基苯氧基)对二氨基联苯(2,2-′BSPOB)、1,4-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯(BAPB)或者1,3-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯(BAPBz)与1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸二酐(NTDA)进行缩合聚合反应生成磺化聚酰亚胺。以间甲酚为溶剂,通过溶液浇铸法成膜,研究了聚合物膜的吸水率、尺寸变化、机械性能和质子电导率。结果表明,该类磺化聚酰亚胺膜具有良好的综合性能。     

扩链剂对TODI型聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响研究

以3,3′-二甲基-4,4′-联苯二异氰酸酯(TODI)和聚四氢呋喃均聚醚(PTMG)合成聚氨酯预聚体,分别以1,4-丁二醇(BDO)和二胺类的3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺(E-300)、3,3′-二氯4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷(MOCA)和4,4′-亚甲基双(3-氯-2,6-二乙基苯胺)(M-CDEA)为扩链剂,研究了扩链剂对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能和耐热性能的影响。结果表明:以M-CDEA为扩链剂的TODI弹性体综合力学性能最为优异;在耐热性能方面,以4种扩链剂制备的TODI型聚氨酯弹性体的顺序为MCDEA>MOCA>BDO>E-300。     

偶氮及氧化偶氮呋咱化合物的合成与表征

以3,4-二氨基呋咱(DAF)为原料,次氯酸钠为氧化剂合成出3,3′-二氨基-4,4′-偶氮呋咱(DAAF);用相对较强的氧化剂过硫酸氢钾的复合盐(OXONETM)氧化DAF得到3,3′-二氨基-4,4′-氧化偶氮呋咱(DAOAF);以100%硝酸为硝化剂硝化DAAF制得3,3′-二硝氨基-4,4′-偶氮呋咱(DNAAF);DAAF和DAOAF分别经重氮化叠氮取代得到3,3′-二叠氮基-4,4′-偶氮呋咱(DADAF)和3-氨基-3′-叠氮基-4,4′-氧化偶氮呋咱(AAAF);DADAF久置一段时间完全转化成5-[4-叠氮基呋咱基]-5H-[1,2,3]三唑并[4,5-c][1,2,5]呋咱内盐(I)。采用红外、质谱、核磁等分析手段对所合成化合物进行表征。     

阳离子型无皂苯丙乳液纸张表面施胶剂的研制

以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(DM)和丙烯酰胺(AM)等为主要原料,采用无皂乳液聚合法在丙烯腈改性淀粉分子链上接枝苯丙共聚单体,合成出一种阳离子型淀粉接枝苯丙乳液施胶剂;然后以此为基料配制纸张表面施胶液,并对文化用纸和瓦楞纸进行施胶。结果表明:在其他条件相同的前提下,各种施胶纸的施胶效果均优于原纸,并且施胶度增幅最大;文化用纸的施胶度从原来的3 s增至48 s,瓦楞纸的施胶度从原来的43 s增至154 s。     

Effect of operating parameters on the drying performance of multicylinder paper machine dryer section

The drying performance of multicylinder dryer section in a paper machine was investigated under various operating parameters: Inlet paper solid content (48–50%), inlet paper temperature (45–50°C), supply air temperature (100–90°C), and exhaust air humidity (75–85?g H₂O/kg dry air). The variation in environmental conditions was also considered. In this study, an improved static model was utilized to study the influence of these operating parameters on paper drying. The model was constructed using sequential modeling approach based on the drying techniques of multicylinder dryer section of a paper machine. The calculated paper solid content leaving each paper drying module and energy use is in agreement with the measured results. The simulation results showed that higher paper solid content and temperature entering the dryer section, lower supply air temperature, and higher exhaust air humidity were favorable for drying performance within the studied range of these parameters.     

水性酚醛树脂在燃油滤纸基中的应用

制备了游离甲醛含量仅为0.92%的、可用于燃油滤纸增强的环保型改性水溶性酚醛树脂(PF)。着重探讨了PF浸渍、固化等加工工艺对浸渍滤纸力学性能、耐燃油性能和耐水性能等影响。结果表明:经改性水溶性PF浸渍处理后的滤纸,其耐破度为342 kPa、15°挺度为6.61 mN.m、平均张力为6.37 kN/m以及断裂伸长率为3.86%(柔韧性良好);该浸渍滤纸具有优异的耐燃油性能和良好的耐水性能,其综合性能已接近进口同类产品水平,并且其在燃油滤清器中的应用具有可行性。     

Preparation and characterization of a biodegradable mulch: Paper coated with polymerized vegetable oils

Kraft paper was coated with resins based on vegetable oils and then tested for mechanical properties, rate of biodegradation in soil, and ability to inhibit weed growth. Resins included oxidatively polymerized linseed oil (LO) and a polyester formed by the reaction of epoxidized soybean oil and citric acid (ESO–CA). Tensile strength of LO-coated paper (82 MPa) was slightly higher than uncoated paper (68 MPa), while the tensile strength of ESO–CA coated paper was somewhat lower (45 MPa). Elongations to break (3–8%) were similar for all samples. The rates of weight loss and tensile strength during soil burial decreased as follows: uncoated paper > LO coated paper > ESO–CA coated paper. The polymerized oils acted as barriers to penetration of microorganisms to the cellulosic fibers. Resin-coated papers inhibited weed growth for > 10 weeks, while uncoated paper was highly degraded and ineffective by 6–9 weeks. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2159–2167, 1999     

Paper properties affecting pressure-sensitive tape adhesion

The interaction between paper and pressure-sensitive adhesive was investigated by peel adhesion testing. The paper/adhesive peel curves were analyzed by plotting the logarithm of the peak peel force (i.e. the maximum value) against the logarithm of the peel rate, yielding two linear segments: a peel-rate-dependent interfacial failure domain and a rate-independent paper failure domain. Three independent parameters were extracted from these plots, namely, the interfacial peel force (F _in) at a low peel rate of 1 mm/min, the maximum peel force (F _c) and the slope (S _p) in the plot of log (interfacial peel force) versus log (peel rate). The linkages between paper and its peel responses were analyzed using the multivariate statistical methods. The paper properties influencing peel force in interfacial failure domain were found to be primarily the paper surface chemistry, characterized by oxygen/carbon ratio (determined by XPS), and secondarily paper surface roughness. The peel force increased with oxygen/carbon ratio and with the surface roughness. The log–log slope in the interfacial failure domain was found to be independent of paper properties; it is determined by the adhesive rheology. The governing paper property in the paper failure domain was found to be the paper internal bond strength as measured by an internal (Scott) bond tester.     

Thermal diffusivity measurement of papers by an ac Joule heating method

The thermal diffusivity (α) of paper, a porous and thin material, was determined by an ac Joule heating method developed in our laboratory. With this technique the thermal diffusivity of paper was obtained directly with high reproducibility without the need for special preparations, such as the black coating, required in conventional methods. The thermal diffusivity (α) of paper was obtained as a function of temperature and the apparent density (ρ). The apparent thermal conductivity (λ) of paper was calculated from α, ρ, and the heat capacity at constant pressure (C_p): α decreased with increasing apparent density, but λ did not show a density dependence. © 1998 SCI.     

Characteristics of the carbon paper heat-treated to different temperatures and its influence on the performance of PEM fuel cell

Porous conducting carbon paper acts as an electrode backing material in a fuel cell. It not only assists in the flow of electrons and gases but also provides mechanical support to the MEA. The electrically conducting carbon paper (porosity ∼70%) was prepared using laminated assembly of chopped carbon fiber porous preforms and applying combined paper making and composite making technique. The green paper was subjected to different heat treatment temperatures (HTT), which was found to influence the characteristics of the paper significantly. The processing of the paper was carried out at a very fast carbonization rates, 900 °C/h as compared to 10-20 °C/h used conventionally, making the complete process highly cost efficient. The paper when used in the unit fuel cell assembly showed I-V performance comparable to that of the commercially available Toray carbon paper.     

废胶粉和锯末对废纸浆性能的影响

试验研究废胶粉和锯末对废纸浆性能的影响.结果表明:废胶粉/废纸浆、锯末/废纸浆和废胶粉/锯末/废纸浆复合材料的物理性能提高,且废胶粉/废纸浆复合材料的物理性能优于废胶粉/锯末/废纸浆复合材料,因此以废胶粉改性废纸浆效果较好.废胶粉/废纸浆复合材料的最佳配方为:废纸浆100(干基计),废胶粉8,防老剂D 0.2,硫黄0.2,促进剂M 0.2;最佳固化条件为150℃/10 MPa×30 min.此时材料表面比较光滑,结构紧密,排列比较均匀,废胶粉与废纸浆的相容性较好.     

自交联阳离子丙烯酰胺共聚物合成及应用

以甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）作为阳离子单体,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）为交联单体,与丙烯酰胺（AM）通过水溶液共聚法,并采用分子量调节剂和活性基团保护剂,本文制备得到自交联阳离子丙烯酰胺共聚物（G-CPAM）。通过傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）及溶液稳定性测试对G-CPAM的结构和稳定性进行了表征,探讨了DMC及GMA单体用量对G-CPAM的性能及施胶后纸张的物理性能的影响,利用热失重分析仪（TGA）、X射线光电子谱（XPS）以及纸张施胶前后的FTIR测试对G-CPAM的自身交联与纸张性能增强机理进行了研究。结果表明：当DMC用量为质量分数20%,GMA用量为质量分数13%时,制备得可交联环氧阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,此时聚合物溶液平均粒径为176.9nm,黏度为143mPa·s,分子量为63204,且在150℃下稳定存在。 G-CPAM添加量为质量分数1.6%,进行浆内施胶,纸张干、湿抗张指数分别为58.29N·m/g和17.75N·m/g,环压强度指数为11.10N·m/g,撕裂指数为12.41mN·m²/g,纸张物理性能增强明显。     

废纸浆/HDPE复合发泡材料的流变行为及发泡形态

将废旧瓦楞纸板粉碎制浆,与HDPE（高密度聚乙烯）通过模压成型制备了废纸浆/HDPE发泡复合材料。利用英国Rosand双料筒毛细管流变仪,在线研究了发泡剂AC含量、废纸浆含量、温度以及吸热、放热和平衡发泡剂对废纸浆/HDPE复合发泡材料的流变行为的影响,并在SEM下观察了不同AC含量和废纸浆含量对发泡形态的影响。结果表明：废纸浆/HDPE复合发泡材料熔体表现为假塑性流动特征,当剪切速率达到600 s^-1时,出现管壁滑移现象。发泡剂AC能明显降低熔体黏度,随着AC含量的增加,熔体黏度下降。随着废纸浆含量的增加,熔体黏度增加。当剪切速率小于275 s^-1时,随着温度的升高,熔体黏度降