髋臼盂唇重建研究进展

髋臼盂唇是附着在骨性髋臼缘的三角形状的纤维软骨环,具有稳定关节和调节关节滑液平衡的功能。创伤、退变、发育不良和髋关节撞击综合征是造成髋臼盂唇损伤的主要原因。髋臼盂唇损伤后将改变髋关节的生物力学机制,引起关节不稳,增加关节应力,最终导致骨性关节炎的发生。手术治疗是修复损伤髋臼盂唇的主要手段,术中应尽量修补和保留尽可能多的盂唇组织。当髋臼盂唇严重损伤或髋臼盂唇功能不良而无法进行缝合修复时,髋臼盂唇重建是另一种可选择的手术方式,以达到恢复髋臼盂唇解剖结构和生物力学功能的目的,避免髋臼盂唇切除后造成髋关节早期退变。髋臼盂唇重建是近年来新兴的手术方式,本文就其适应症、移植物的选择、手术技术和临床疗效等方面进行详细综述,以期进一步指导临床实践。     

合并肩袖损伤的肩关节盂唇损伤的临床特征

目的 分析合并肩袖损伤的肩关节盂唇损伤患者的临床特征,提出其发病规律与病变特点,为临床微创手术治疗提供参考. 方法 本组50例,其中男28例,女22例;年龄30～58岁,平均45岁.记录患者的损伤机制、损伤时间、临床症状、体征,摄X线片和MRI.根据临床诊断,采用肩关节镜微创手术修复盂唇和肩袖损伤,记录损伤部位、范围及程度并进行分析.本组表现前盂唇损伤37例,上盂唇撕裂8例,后盂唇损伤5例;肩袖损伤轻度36例,中度10例,重度3例,特大裂口1例.其中肩袖前侧(冈上肌前侧)损伤21例,中部损伤(冈上肌与冈下肌部)16例,后部损伤(冈下肌部、小圆肌)13例.盂唇损伤的MRI表现为:三角外形消失,前关节囊扩大.肩袖损伤表现为:损伤部位高信号,连续性丧失. 结果 本组患者平均随访36个月(6～72个月),临床效果满意.美国加州洛杉矶大学关节功能评分标准(UCLA)评分:术前(15±3)分,术后(32±3)分(P＜0.01). 结论 创伤性肩关节盂唇损伤患者常同时合并肩袖损伤,临床上应予重视,避免遗漏诊断或耽误治疗.盂唇损伤范围与肩袖损伤部位存在对应关系,盂唇损伤范围越大,肩袖损伤越接近后侧.     

髋关节镜清理治疗髋臼盂唇损伤10例报告

目的:探讨髋关节镜在髋臼盂唇损伤中的诊疗价值.方法:对10例髋臼盂唇损伤的患者采用髋关节镜技术进行诊断和治疗,男性7例,女性3例.平均年龄43岁(17～63岁).左侧6例,右侧4例.髋臼发育不良4例,髋关节骨性关节炎3例,运动伤3例.关节镜检查髋臼盂唇放射瓣状损伤3例,退行性变3例,桶柄状损伤2例,横形裂2例.撕裂发生在前盂唇4例,后盂唇3例,上盂唇3例.射频气化清理增生肥厚的滑膜组织和软骨损伤的创面,切除并修整损伤的盂唇组织.结果:术后随访10例,平均11个月(6个月～31个月),髋关节症状完全解除7例,明显改善2例,1例因骨性关节炎较重于术后15个月行人工关节置换术.本组患者无血管神经损伤和感染病例.结论:髋关节镜对髋臼盂唇损伤具有重要的诊断和治疗价值,其疗效取决于关节软骨退变的程度和治疗时机.     

3.0TMR肩关节造影在前下盂唇变异型损伤诊断中的应用

目的:探讨3.0TMR关节造影在肩关节前下盂唇变异型损伤诊断及分型价值.方法:搜集2016年1月-2019年12月疑似肩关节前下盂唇损伤患者79例,以关节镜或开放术后诊断为标准,回顾性对比分析其术前常规MR检查及MR关节造影检查资料,利用统计学计算两种检查术前诊断及分型的灵敏度、特异度、准确性.使用McNemar检验分...     

肩关节不稳MR评价的比较研究

目的 评价常规MR和MR间接关节造影诊断肩关节不稳病变的价值.方法 回顾分析24例肩关节不稳病例,13例常规MR,11例MR间接关节造影,以关节镜为金标准,比较2种方法对关节盂唇、肱骨骨结构及关节囊韧带复合体损伤的诊断价值.结果 经Fisher确切概率法检验,MR间接关节造影诊断盂唇损伤敏感性及准确性明显高于常规MR(P＜0.05),在诊断肱骨骨结构及关节囊损伤方面两者无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 MR间接关节造影对盂唇病变的诊断较常规MR明显提高,对关节囊及盂肱韧带病变诊断有待进一步深化研究.     

髋臼盂唇损伤的特点及修复方法的研究进展

随着髋关节镜的应用以及影像学技术的提高,髋臼盂唇损伤逐渐得到国内外学者的重视。髋臼盂唇为附着于髋臼边缘的纤维软骨环,具有调节滑液平衡,增加髋关节稳定性等功能。手术治疗是修复髋臼盂唇损伤的重要手段,包括髋臼盂唇切除术、髋臼盂唇修补术、髋臼盂唇重建术等术式。三种手术方式都取得了较好的早、中期临床效果,尤以髋臼盂唇修补术、髋臼盂唇重建术效果明显,但是具体的机制尚不明确。近年来新兴的髋臼盂唇重建术是否优于髋臼盂唇切除术还需要进一步的探究。本文就髋臼盂唇的解剖结构和功能、盂唇损伤的原因及诊治方法进行详细的综述,并指出尚需进一步探索的问题。     

髋关节撞击综合征影像表现的初步探讨

目的 探讨髋关节撞击综合征(FAI)的影像表现.方法 回顾性分析经手术证实的9例FAI患者的影像资料,9例患者均行髋关节正侧位X线检查及患髋MR检查,其中1例还接受了患髋关节MR关节造影检查,探讨其影像特征性改变.结果 9例患者X线表现均出现股骨头颈交界处骨性突起或髋臼过度覆盖.MR检查显示9例患者均出现不同程度的髋臼盂唇损伤,均出现在前上盂唇,ⅠA期损伤2例,ⅠB期损伤3例,ⅡA期损伤2例,ⅡB期损伤2例;1例患髋关节MR造影检查显示髋臼前上盂唇内线样裂隙,可见对比剂进入裂隙.2例的股骨头负重区软骨下骨内出现硬化囊变区,手术证实相应部位出现直径2 cm大小的软骨剥脱.结论 MRI可以显示FAI患者髋臼盂唇及关节软骨损伤,有助于早期诊断FAI.     

肩盂肱关节不稳的CT关节造影表现

目的　总结分析盂肱关节不稳在CT关节造影上的表现。方法　 16例经关节镜手术检查证实病例 ,对盂唇撕裂 ,关节囊撕脱 ,关节盂骨折等在CT关节造影上表现特点进行总结分析。结果　关节内损伤包括盂唇撕裂 ,见盂唇内有造影剂充盈 ;关节盂唇软骨剥脱 ,正常关节软骨三角形结构消失 ,骨性关节盂裸露于关节囊内 ;关节囊撕脱 ,表现有关节囊腔扩大 ,关节囊附着点位置改变等 ;以及骨性关节盂缘骨折 ,肱骨外上方压缩骨折等。结论　肩盂肱关节CT造影对比性好 ,断层图像无重叠 ,可清晰显示出关节内损伤 ,是肩盂肱关节不稳的一种有效准确的检查方法     

盂肱关节前方不稳MR表现与关节镜手术所见比较

 目的 探讨盂肱关节前方不稳的关节镜检查和3.0T MRI表现。方法 收集45例盂肱关节前方不稳患者的MRI检查及关节镜检查资料,回顾性对照分析MRI与多角度镜头关节镜手术结果,总结损伤类型、程度,采用Kappa检验分析MRI与关节镜诊断结果的一致性,观察MRI对各种损伤诊断结果及敏感度。结果 盂唇损伤在盂肱关节前方不稳病变中占84.4%(38/45),其中前下盂唇损伤占 51.1%(23/45),盂唇损伤合并Hill-sachs损伤、关节囊损伤占44.2%(20/45),盂唇损伤合并骨性Bankart损伤占17.7%(8/45)。MRI诊断前下盂唇损伤、HAGL病变、Hill-sachs病变的敏感度分别为78.2%、71.0%、90.0%。MRI与关节镜诊断结果具有一致性,其中诊断肩胛下肌及肌腱损伤及骨性Bankart损伤的结果完全一致,诊断前下盂唇损伤、HAGL病变及Hill-sachs病变的一致性较好,诊断SLAP损伤一致性一般。结论 3.0T MRI能够较准确地显示盂肱关节前方不稳常见病变及MRI征象,为临床早期诊断和治疗提供依据。     

MRI、MRAr及CT对外伤性肩关节盂唇损伤伴骨折的诊断效能比较

目的 比较磁共振成像(MRI)、磁共振关节造影(MRAr)及CT对肩关节盂唇损伤伴/不伴骨折的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2017-04至2018-04就诊于解放军总医院第三医学中心的肩关节盂唇损伤伴/不伴骨折患者34例，行常规MRI、MRAr和CT检查，经关节镜手术证实是否有Bankart损伤、肩关节上盂唇(SLAP)损伤及骨折。分析MRI、MRAr、CT征象应用对病变的诊断价值，评价三种影像手段对诊断不同类型盂唇损伤的灵敏度、特异度及准确度。结果 34例(100%)有Bankart损伤，MRI诊断灵敏度94.12%,准确度94.12%;MRAr诊断灵敏度97.06%,准确度97.06%。30例(88.24%)合并SLAP损伤，MRI灵敏度53.33%,特异度22.22%,准确度58.82%;MRAr灵敏度93.33%,特异度66.67%,准确度94.12%。17例(50.00%)合并骨折，MRAr及MRI灵敏度均为52.94%;CT对诊断骨折灵敏度达94.12%,特异度94.44%。结论 MRAr对SLAP损伤的诊断效能显著优于常规MRI;MRAr结合CT,可以提高肩关节盂唇损伤伴骨...     

MSCT诊断四肢关节创伤的价值

目的:探讨MSCT诊断四肢关节创伤的价值.材料和方法:分析99例四肢关节创伤患者的X线和MSCT影像,比较两者诊断四肢关节创伤的差异.结果:MSCT发现107个关节148个骨存在骨折,89处骨折移位;57个关节面塌陷或碎裂,30个关节内有骨碎片;18个关节合并脱位.X线平片发现99个关节126个骨存在骨折,61处骨折移位;37个关节面碎裂或塌陷,6个关节内存在骨碎片;12个关节合并脱位.结论:对于四肢关节创伤的诊断,与X线平片相比,MSCT是一种非常有用的诊断方法,特别是下肢关节和累及关节面的骨折.     

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: assessment with MR imaging

Thirty-three joints of the appendicular skeleton in 15 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to determine if it could demonstrate synovial hypertrophy and status of the articular cartilage. Presumed synovial hypertrophy was seen in 13 joints as masses of varying sizes of low to intermediate signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images; sometimes foci of increased signal intensity, most likely due to fluid or inflammation, were seen on T2-weighted images. Probable abnormal articular cartilage was detected in ten joints, and MR imaging also demonstrated epiphyseal overgrowth, bone erosions, joint effusions, and joint space narrowing. Because MR imaging appears to provide an objective method of evaluating both synovial hypertrophy and status of articular cartilage, it may prove to be useful in monitoring progression of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and response to therapy.     

Migrating bone shards in dissecting Charcot joints.

Extensive periarticular calcification is characteristic of Charcot joints. Fragmentation of the articular margins of bone contributes to the bony detritus, but the majority forms de novo in the joint capsule. Occasionally the calcific debris is seen far removed from the joint. Dissection of a chronically distended joint along muscle planes is most commonly associated with the inflammatory joint disease of rheumatoid arthritis. Its occurrence in Charcot joints is documented by arthrography, which demonstrates continuity of the joint space and the distant calcifications.     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节的CT表现(附80例病例分析)

目的总结强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节的CT表现.方法分析80例临床诊断肯定的强直性脊柱炎病例的骶髂关节CT检查资料.结果80例中73例骶髂关节有异常表现,包括1、早期(1)双侧关节对称性受累,极少数可单侧受累;(2)骨关节面毛糙、皮质白线消失;(3)骨关节面皮质中断;(4)关节面下微小囊变;(5)骶髂关节髂骨面轻度硬化.2、进展期(中期)(1)骶髂关节关节面不光整,局部呈锯齿状或毛刷样改变;(2)骶髂关节关节面下小囊状骨质破坏;(3)关节面周围明显增生硬化;(4)关节间隙假性增宽;(5)关节间隙不规则狭窄;(6)关节间隙不规则真空.3、稳定期(晚期)(1)韧带骨化;(2)关节骨性强直、关节间隙消失;(3)明显骨质疏松、硬化.结论骶髂关节CT检查有助于强直性脊柱炎的早期诊断,提高诊断的准确性.且有助于临床对病程分期.     

Lésions articulaires micro-traumatiques du pied chez le danseur

The authors studied articular micro-traumatic pathologies in ballet-dancers. Concerning the tibiotarsal joint, lesions are similar to those found in others sports, that is, anterior and posterior osteophytic proliferations in the tibiotarsal joint, sometimes associated with a trigone bone or astragale's tail pathology.On the tarsal and tarsometatarsal joints, micro-traumatic lesions are due to an hyperlaxity and an overpressure syndrom on the joint while dancing.In most cases lesions encountered on the metatarsophalangeal joints are Hallux Valgus.All these micro-traumatic lesions could be considered to be due to the dancing technique in ballet. This approach would allow, in a number of cases, to prevent those pathologies. The greatest care must be taken in using agressive therapies on a dancer's foot.     

(99m)Tc-dextran scintigraphy to detect disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

AIM: To test the applicability of Tc-dextran joint scintigraphy in the assessment of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to compare it with the clinical disease activity scores and laboratory parameters. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with RA were investigated using Tc-dextran joint scintigraphy. The images were evaluated semi-quantitatively and the regional uptakes of the radiopharmaceutical were calculated for the knee, wrist and ankle joints. The clinical and laboratory parameters were collected and fully analysed. An articular Ritchie index (a tender joint score), the number of swollen joints (Sw), the number of tender joints, the morning stiffness (h), the total Ritchie articular index (R), the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Disease Activity Score (DAS) were determined for all patients. RESULTS: Compared with controls, patients with RA had significantly higher regional Tc-dextran uptake in the knee, wrist and ankle joints (P=0.001). The regional Tc-dextran uptake showed no correlation with the patient's age, gender, duration of disease, number of swollen joints (Sw), number of tender joints, morning stiffness (h), VAS, total Ritchie articular index and DAS, or any laboratory parameters. There was a significant correlation between the regional Tc-dextran uptake for individual joints and the articular Ritchie index of the right and left wrist (r=0.42, P=0.03; r=0.45, P=0.02), right and left knee (r=0.66, P<0.0001; r=0.80, P<0.0001) and right and left ankle (r=0.47, P=0.014; r=0.76, P<0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that Tc-dextran scintigraphy is a sensitive method to detect active joint inflammation and could be useful in the management of patients with RA.     

Magnetic resonance arthrography indications and technique (I). Upper limb

Magnetic resonance (MR) is the most effective imaging technique in the diagnosis of articular pathology. MR arthrography (MRA), with intra-articular injection of diluted gadolinium or physiological saline solution has become more common in recent years. The intra-articular fluid facilitates the detection of articular pathology by delineating the articular structures, separating adjacent anatomic structures, and filling potential spaces that originate in or communicate with the joint. MRA provides additional information about the integrity of the articular structures, especially cartilage, fibrocartilage, and ligaments. MRA has proven especially useful in the shoulder, where most of the studies have been centered. The detection of subtle lesions of the capsule/labrum complex is fundamental for presurgical evaluation. MRA can be used to complement conventional MR imaging in some cases and in others it is the initial technique of choice. Indirect MRA with intravenous gadolinium administration is based on the enhancement of articular fluid caused by diffusion from the synovial space to the articular space. This technique offers better results in articulations with less capacity for distension, such as the wrist, ankle, hand, and foot. This first part of two-part article reviews the current role of MRA in the upper limb. Special emphasis is placed on the shoulder joint, where its usefulness has been most clearly established. The usefulness of this technique in other joints is also described, reviewing the most important anatomic aspects, techniques and applications.     

Lumbar facet joint capsule: appearance at MR imaging and CT

The joint spaces and synovium of the lumbar facet joints extend beyond the articular surfaces of the joint in the majority of adults. The authors correlated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomographic (CT), and axial cryomicrotome sections of 66 facet joints in nine cadavers. Extensions of the synovium and joint space along the superior and inferior articular processes, under the ligamentum flavum, and into the ligamentum flavum could be recognized with use of MR and, less successfully, CT. The injection of a paramagnetic contrast medium into the facet joint facilitated visualization of the capsule on MR images. On the ventral aspect of the lumbar facet joint, MR images showed regions of high signal intensity where the joint space extended into the ligamentum flavum or between the ligamentum flavum and lamina. On the dorsal aspect of the joint, MR demonstrated prominence of the fibrous joint capsule where the joint space extended under it along the inferior articular process or along the superior articular process. The variable appearance of the ventral and dorsal aspects of the lumbar facet joint on CT and MR images is due to extension of the synovium and joint space.     

The use of MR arthrography to document an occult joint communication in a recurrent peroneal intraneural ganglion

The pathogenesis of intraneural ganglia remains controversial. Only half of the reported cases of the most common type, the peroneal nerve at the fibular neck, have been found to have pedicles connecting the cysts to neighboring joints detected with preoperative imaging or intraoperatively. We believe that all intraneural ganglia arise from joints, and that radiologists and surgeons need to look closely preoperatively and intraoperatively for connections. Not identifying these connections with imaging and surgical exploration has led not only to skepticism about an articular origin of the cyst, but also to a high recurrence rate after surgery. We present a patient who had two recurrences of a peroneal intraneural ganglion in whom a joint connection was not detected on previous MRIs and operations. Reinterpretation of the original films and high-resolution MRI demonstrated an “occult” joint connection to the superior tibiofibular joint. MR arthrography performed after exercise and 1 h delay, however, clearly showed the connection and communication. The joint connection was then confirmed at surgery through an articular branch. Postoperatively the patient regained nearly normal neurologic function, and follow-up MRI showed no cyst recurrence. MR arthrography with delayed imaging should be considered in cases of intraneural ganglia when a joint connection is not obvious on MRI.     

Anatomy of the proximal tibiofibular joint

This paper describes the anatomy and function of the proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ). The physical dimensions of the joint and the topology of the articular surfaces are described. It is noted that the inclination of the joint is variable, and that joints with a steeper slope away from the transverse plane are less mobile. The ligamentous and tendinous attachments are described. Finally, the histological features of the articular surfaces are presented. The clinical importance of the anatomical features is discussed.