W丝/Zr基非晶合金复合材料动态拉伸断裂模式研究

采用霍普金森杆拉伸技术研究了W丝体积分数为80%的W丝/Zr基非晶合金复合材料的动态拉伸性能,通过扫描电镜研究了该复合材料动态拉伸断裂模式.结果表明:随着打击速度增加,复合材料动态拉伸强度和断裂应变总体呈上升趋势;复合材料的动态拉伸断裂模式以钨丝解理断裂为主导,伴随非晶合金基体产生脉纹状花样和钨丝劈裂;脉纹状花样的形态不同于在动态压缩条件下所形成的,不存在"尖脊"形貌.     

B／Al复合材料疲劳断裂机理的显微结构分析

利用扫描电镜等分析手段对Ｂ／Ａｌ复合材料疲劳断裂的特征及机理进行了分析研究。结果表明，随着应力水平的提高，Ｂ／Ａｌ复合材料的疲劳断口由于主出型趋向于平断型，其断裂机理也有所不同。在同一应力水平下，界面结构较强的试样具有较高的断裂周次。     

Fracture Analysis of Concrete Structural Components Accounting for Tension Softening Effect

This paper presents methodologies for fracture analysis of concrete structural components with and without considering tension softening effect. Stress intensity factor (SIF) is computed by using analytical approach and finite element analysis. In the analytical approach, SIF accounting for tension softening effect has been obtained as the difference of SIF obtained using linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) principles and SIF due to closing pressure. Superposition principle has been used by accounting for non-linearity in incremental form. SIF due to crack closing force applied on the effective crack face inside the process zone has been computed using Green's function approach. In finite element analysis, the domain integral method has been used for computation of SIF. The domain integral method is used to calculate the strain energy release rate and SIF when a crack grows. Numerical studies have been conducted on notched 3-point bending concrete specimen with and without considering the cohesive stresses. It is observed from the studies that SIF obtained from the finite element analysis with and without considering the cohesive stresses is in good agreement with the corresponding analytical value. The effect of cohesive stress on SIF decreases with increase of crack length. Further, studies have been conducted on geometrically similar structures and observed that (i) the effect of cohesive stress on SIF is significant with increase of load for a particular crack length and (iii) SIF values decreases with increase of tensile strength for a particular crack length and load.     

客车直拉杆断裂分析

通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、断口分析以及金相检验,对客车直拉杆断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明:直拉杆的146°弯处在使用前存在微裂纹,在客车行驶过程中该直拉杆受交变应力的作用,微裂纹以疲劳的方式扩展,当扩展到一定程度,剩余截面不能承受外力作用时发生断裂。     

Tension fatigue analysis and life prediction for composite laminates

A tension fatigue life prediction methodology for composite laminates is presented. Tension fatigue tests were conducted on quasi-isotropic and orthotropic glass epoxy, graphite epoxy, and glass/graphite epoxy hybrid laminates. Edge delamination onset data were used to generate plots of strain energy release rate as a function of cycles to delamination onset. These plots were then used along with strain energy release rate analyses of delaminations initiating at matrix cracks to predict local delamination onset. Stiffness loss was measured experimentally to account for the accumulation of matrix cracks and for delimination growth. Fatigue failure was predicted by comparing the increase in global strain resulting from stiffness loss to the decrease in laminate failure strain resulting from delaminations forming at matrix cracks through the laminate thickness. Good agreement between measured and predicted lives indicated that the through-thickness damage accumulation model can accurately describe fatigue failure for laminates where the delamination onset behaviour in fatigue is well characterized, and stiffness loss can be monitored in real time to account for damage growth.     

定向凝固Cu-Cr自生复合材料的拉伸性能和断口形貌特征

研究了Cu-Cr自生复合材料定向凝固试样的轴向拉伸性能和拉伸断裂机制,探讨了凝固速率对性能及断口形貌的影响.结果表明: Cu-Cr自生复合材料具有良好的常温拉伸性能,随着凝固速率增加,材料的轴向拉伸强度呈上升趋势.断口形貌观察表明:复合材料中的纤维状共晶体(α β)是应力的主要承载体,共晶体的断裂是Cu-Cr自生复合材料断裂的控制机制.     

高速列车及其用复合材料的发展

介绍了国内外高速列车及其用复合材料的发展,分析了列车高速化带来的问题以及实现列车高速化的主要途径,阐述了夹芯结构复合材料的性能特点及取代传统层合板结构复合材料的趋势,并提出了将三维整体复合材料夹芯结构用于制造高速列车车体结构件,从而弥补传统泡沫夹芯结构制造大尺寸构件刚度不足的缺点。     

木材断裂解离分形特征与分形断裂力学模型研究

目的 以椴木为研究对象,研究冲击载荷作用下椴木试件的断裂解离形貌特征和断裂力学特性,建立适用于木材原料断裂解离的分形断裂力学模型,并对其断裂解离力学行为进行描述。方法 对椴木试件进行冲击加载试验,分析试件断口的形貌特征和断裂力学特性,构建适用于木材原料断裂解离的分形断裂力学模型。结果 椴木试件横向冲击断裂断口裂纹形状和断口形貌特征比纵向冲击复杂,横、纵向冲击断裂断口均具有分形特征;椴木试件纵向冲击断裂韧性均值是横向冲击断裂韧性均值的1.112倍,椴木试件横、纵向冲击断口的分形维数均值分别为2.063 5和2.075 1,椴木试件横、纵向冲击韧性与其断口分形维数之间存在线性正相关关系,拟合优度分别为0.778 7和0.812 2;构建的木材原料断裂解离临界解离应力和断裂韧性的分形断裂力学模型也适用于脆性材料。结论 在木材原料冲击断裂解离时,木材原料初始裂纹长度越短,断裂解离断口越粗糙复杂,木材原料断裂解离所需要的能量越大;当裂纹沿着与冲击加载力方向垂直成大约1.055rad方向扩展时所需的能量最小,木材原料最易沿该方向进行断裂解离。     

颗粒填充高分子复合材料拉伸断口的分形模型

基于分形理论构建了颗粒填充高分子复合材料拉伸断口的分形模型,进而提出了分形维数计算公式.应用公式计算了体积分数为2%～30%颗粒填充高分子材料拉伸断口的分形维数,并分别与相关文献报道的碳酸钙和二氧化钛填充的ABS复合材料(CaCO3/ABS和TiO2/ABS)实测值进行了对比分析.结果表明理论值与实测值较为符合.     

微胶囊自修复复合材料断裂力学实验研究

测试了微胶囊自修复复合材料的基体和胶囊壳材料的断裂韧性,并分析了夹层模拟试件和含模拟胶囊试件的断裂特性,研究了胶囊壳材料与基体材料断裂韧性的匹配关系.结果表明:当基体材料与胶囊壳材料的断裂韧性差值小于107754.45 Pa·m1/2时,裂纹扩展时胶囊壳能够破裂.     

高速风洞气源气罐材料断裂力学测试及其安全评定

对高速风洞气罐全厚材料用超声，磁粉，射线等方法进行了缺陷检测，并用ＣＯＤ有限元法和应力强度因子计算了母材与焊缝的疲劳裂纹门坎值和疲劳裂纹扩展速率，最后依此做了安全性评定。     

高铁用碳纤维复合材料防静电技术及标准研究

随着轨道交通用热塑性碳纤维复合材料需求的增长,以重点围绕轨道交通用碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料关键技术与应用示范项目在2018年获批立项,项目以突破热塑性碳纤维复合材料的材料设计与优化、部件结构设计、快速成型成套设备关键工艺等关键技术,实现轨道交通等领域用热塑性碳纤维复合材料零部件的高效批量制造和典型应用验证。高速状态下,车体表面与干燥空气摩擦,对静电的产生创造了良好的条件,摩擦会加剧电荷集聚,当车体静电电位达到几千伏以上时,会对司乘人员有很大危害。所以碳纤维复合材料防静电技术及其标准研究,对于保障行车安全、人身安全、驾乘的舒适感,具有重要的意义。     

不锈钢拉簧断裂失效分析

某304不锈钢拉簧在疲劳试验过程中发生了断裂。通过宏观形貌分析、金相显微组织分析、化学成分分析及扫描电镜微观形貌分析等方法,对发生断裂的不锈钢拉簧进行了失效原因分析。结果表明:拉簧表面制造过程中产生的划伤是造成该不锈钢拉簧发生疲劳断裂的根本原因。     

Multiscale Analysis of Fracture of Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in Composites

Due to the enormous difference in the scales involved in correlating the macroscopic properties with the micro- and nano-physical mechanisms of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites, multiscale mechanics analysis is of considerable interest. A hybrid atomistic/continuum mechanics method is established in the present paper to study the deformation and fracture behaviors of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in composites. The unit cell containing a CNT embedded in a matrix is divided in three regions, which are simulated by the atomic-potential method, the continuum method based on the modified Cauchy–Born rule, and the classical continuum mechanics, respectively. The effect of CNT interaction is taken into account via the Mori–Tanaka effective field method of micromechanics. This method not only can predict the formation of Stone–Wales (5-7-7-5) defects, but also simulate the subsequent deformation and fracture process of CNTs. It is found that the critical strain of defect nucleation in a CNT is sensitive to its chiral angle but not to its diameter. The critical strain of Stone–Wales defect formation of zigzag CNTs is nearly twice that of armchair CNTs. Due to the constraint effect of matrix, the CNTs embedded in a composite are easier to fracture in comparison with those not embedded. With the increase in the Young’s modulus of the matrix, the critical breaking strain of CNTs decreases.     

Influence of Interphase Imperfections on the Macroscopic Stiffness of Hollow-Sphere Reinforced Composites

Metallic hollow-sphere structures are a new type of advanced materials with promising mechanical properties for multifunctional applications. A simple computational model to consider damage in the sphere-matrix interphase is presented. Two types of damage distributions, i.e., localized and randomized, are investigated. The procedure is applied to steel hollow spheres embedded in an epoxy matrix. It is shown that the interface damage lowers the mechanical properties and localized damage is more critical than randomized at higher damage values.     

不同界面SiC/SiC复合材料的断裂行为研究

碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(SiC/SiC)是极具前景的高温结构材料。通过先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺分别制备了PyC界面和CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料, 对两种SiC/SiC复合材料的整体力学性能以及界面剪切强度等进行了测试表征, 并对材料中裂纹的产生与扩展进行了原位观测。结果表明, 两种界面SiC/SiC复合材料弯曲强度相近, 但PyC界面SiC/SiC复合材料的断裂韧性约为CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料的两倍。在PyC界面SiC/SiC复合材料中, 裂纹沿纤维-基体界面扩展, PyC涂层能够偏转或阻止裂纹, 材料呈现伪塑性断裂特征; 而在CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料中, 裂纹在扩展路径上遇到界面并不偏转, 初始裂纹最终发展为主裂纹, 材料呈现脆性断裂模式。     

Bifurcation of Cracks in Laminated Ceramic Composites with Rigid Interlaminar Bonds

Bifurcation of cracks in symmetrical laminated two-component composites was analyzed. Geometric factors limiting this effect were established. The bifurcation area is shown to be determined by the following parameters: number of layers, cooling temperature range, elastic constants, and thermal expansion coefficients of the layers. Bifurcation conditions in the composite specimen with a given number of layers are compared with corresponding conditions for the specimen of the fixed total thickness.     

高速离心式压缩机叶片断裂失效分析

某高速离心式压缩机叶片在运行过程中发生断裂。通过对叶片断口及冲蚀表面进行宏观观察、材料化学成分分析、力学性能测试、断口扫描电镜观察、能谱分析和显微组织分析,找出了叶片的断裂失效原因。结果表明:压缩机叶片断裂主要是由于级间冷却器流体布局设计不合理,致使叶片在运行时不断受到冷却器管束铝翅片微粒高频脉动的冲刷磨损作用,在局部叶片迎风表面形成垢层,产生了高周疲劳载荷,使位于其对称位置的叶片在相对薄弱的顶部萌生裂纹并逐渐扩展,最终导致叶片高周疲劳断裂失效;另叶片材料冲击韧度低加速了疲劳裂纹的扩展。     

层状复合陶瓷断裂特性

层状复合是一种新型陶瓷增韧构型。本文着重讨论了层状复合陶瓷断裂特性，包括几种主要的增韧机制的分析和影响因素的讨论。