镁铝铟类水滑石的合成与表征

采用共沉淀法合成了含有金属铟离子的碳酸根型水滑石，研究了沉淀方式、温度、pH值、老化时间和镁铝铟摩尔比这些对镁铝铟类水滑石（Mg-Al-In HTlc)的纯度和结晶度有影响的合成条件。通过XRD及IR表征，结果表明以恒定pH值的高过饱和沉淀法，控制其沉淀和老化温度在65℃、洗涤温度为室温，pH值为10－11.5，老化时间为8h,n(In^3 )/n(M^3 )在0.1-0.8之间可以得到纯度高和结晶好的镁铝铟类水滑石。     

水滑石类催化剂催化制氢及生物炼制(英文)

近年来,水滑石由于其独特的性质受到越来越多的关注.作为非均相固体催化剂,水滑石及其衍生物具有优良的催化性能,因此得到了广泛研究和应用.本文简述了水滑石的几种合成方法,重点介绍了水滑石类催化剂在催化制氢和生物炼制方面的应用,并预测了水滑石类材料在新材料合成及环境友好催化体系中的应用前景.     

镁锰水滑石氧化沉淀法制备及其热分解特性研究

采用氧化沉淀法制备了摩尔比为2∶1、3∶1、4∶1的3种镁锰水滑石,通过粉末X射线衍射、红外光谱和热重-差热分析等手段对合成的样品进行结构表征。研究结果表明,采用氧化沉淀法成功制得了不同摩尔比的镁锰水滑石,且所制得的水滑石结构完整、晶相单一。然后以合成的镁锰水滑石为前驱体,采用XRD表征研究了其在不同温度下热分解产物的物相变化规律。     

谷氨酸插层水滑石组装、包裹及缓释性能研究

采用共沉淀法和离子交换法实现了谷氨酸与Zn/Al水滑石的插层组装,并采用X射线粉末衍射、差热分析、红外光谱表征了谷氨酸插层水滑石的结构,并在模拟胃液和肠液中测试了复合材料中谷氨酸的缓释性能。结果表明,合成的水滑石前躯体（LDHs-NO3）结构规整、晶相单一,层间距为0.879 nm;2种方法合成的谷氨酸插层水滑石,其层间距分别增加到1.251 nm和1.334 nm,可以推测谷氨酸以垂直方式分布于水滑石层间。插层后水滑石样品在1588 cm-1和1346 cm-1处出现了谷氨酸中羧酸根的不对称伸缩振动和对称伸缩振动峰,也佐证了氨基酸插层成功。谷氨酸插层水滑石后,其热稳定性大大提高,热分解温度由230℃升高至397～434℃。与物理混合法相比,谷氨酸与水滑石复合后增加了谷氨酸的耐酸性,使其具有较好的缓释性能。谷氨酸释放曲线符合Bhaskar方程,表明微粒间的扩散作用是谷氨酸分子释放的限速步骤。LDHs-Glu经海藻酸钠包裹后,在模拟肠液中缓慢释放而在模拟胃液中不释放,起到了肠液定向释放的效果。     

焙烧水滑石吸附脱除水中硫酸根离子的研究

利用焙烧水滑石对水中硫酸根离子进行吸附性能研究,考查了初始pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量等条件对吸附的影响。结果表明,焙烧水滑石对水中硫酸根离子具有良好的吸附能力。X射线衍射分析结果表明,水滑石及其焙烧产物对硫酸根的吸附机理不同。pH值对吸附的影响较大,pH值较低时吸附效果较好。吸附平衡符合Langmuir方程,室温下饱和吸附量为32.895 mg/g。     

M-A1水滑石纳米晶热分解行为的TG-MS研究

利用热重一质谱联用仪(TG-MS)和多晶XRD对水热法制备的Mg-Al水滑石纳米晶的热分解行为进行表征研究表明:Mg-Al水滑石的热性能与其晶体化学特征有密切的关系.Mg-Al水滑石的热分解过程可分为4个阶段:①T≤280℃时,失层问H2O;②T=280℃～380℃时,失层板中[Mg-OH-Al]结构单元OHˉ;③T=380℃～580℃时,失层板中[Mg-OH-Mg]结构单元的OHˉ;④T=395℃～580℃时,层间CO32ˉ选出.后两个阶段有较大重叠性.[Mg-OH-Mg]中OHˉ和CO32ˉ最大选出量对应的温度明显不一致.[Mg-OH-Mg]中OHˉ的选出是导致层状结构破坏的诱因,热分解的阶段性随升温速率提高而表现得明显.Mg-Al水滑石的热分解行为受扩散控制.     

Mg—Al水滑石纳米晶热分解行为的TG—MS研究

利用热重-质谱联用仪(TG-MS)和多晶XRD对水热法制备的Mg-Al水滑石纳米晶的热分解行为进行表征研究表明:Mg-Al水滑石的热性能与其晶体化学特征有密切的关系。Mg-Al水滑石的热分解过程可分为4个阶段:①T≤280℃时,失层间H2O;②T=280℃~380℃时,失层板中[Mg—OH—Al]结构单元OH-;③T=380℃~580℃时,失层板中[Mg—OH—Mg]结构单元的OH-;④T=395℃~580℃时,层间CO32-逸出。后两个阶段有较大重叠性。[Mg—OH—Mg]中OH-和CO32-最大逸出量对应的温度明显不一致。[Mg—OH—Mg]中OH-的逸出是导致层状结构破坏的诱因,热分解的阶段性随升温速率提高而表现得明显。Mg-Al水滑石的热分解行为受扩散控制。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成水滑石及其原位有机硅烷嫁接研究

水滑石类层状双羟基化合物是自然界存在的唯一一类阴离子型粘土矿物。水滑石表面有丰富的羟基,具有较强的亲水性,不利于其在聚合物/纳米复合材料、环境污水处理、阻燃抑烟等众多领域应用。改善的方法主要有:有机插层、硅烷     

钛柱撑膨润土光催化剂的制备及其催化性能的研究

运用紫外光光助的方法成功制备了钛柱撑膨润土光催化剂,该方法使膨润土层间钛柱TiO_2晶相能在150℃的低温烧结下由无定型转变为高催化活性的锐钛矿。由于钛柱的形成,柱撑后的膨润土的层间距达到1.94nm,明显大于原土的1.56nm。实验以罗丹明B为考察对象,研究了钛柱撑膨润土光催化剂的吸附能力,以及它在紫外光照射下的光催化性能和降解反应的动力学方程。实验表明:钛柱撑膨润土光催化剂能强烈地吸附罗丹明B并且能迅速地将它降解,其降解反应的动力学方程符合1.5级。钛柱撑膨润土光催化剂的制备及其催化性能的研究@唐剑文$华南理工大学环境科学…     

尖晶石型CoAl2O4纳米粉体的合成及表征

铝酸钴(CoAl2O4)是目前世界上最耐候、耐光、耐热、耐化学品的尖晶石型钴蓝颜料,为了解决传统钴蓝制备方法存在的能耗高、产品粒径分布不均匀、易团聚等问题,尝试采用柠檬酸盐凝胶法合成了尖晶石型CoAl2O4纳米粉体,对样品进行了TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等分析,考察了前驱体凝胶的热分解过程,以及煅烧温度对CoAl204晶化程度和粒度的影响．确定了钴蓝最佳合成条件为：n(Co^2 )／n(Al^3 )=1：3,柠檬酸与金属离子摩尔比为1：1,pH值约为6．5,煅烧温度为800℃．结果表明,采用柠檬酸盐凝胶法成功合成了平均粒径为60nm,粒度分布均匀的尖晶石型CoAl2O4纳米粉体,该法具有合成成本低、制备工艺简单、易操作等优点．     

内蒙古兴和-卓资太古宙孔兹岩系变质峰期水活度、氧逸度及其化学位变化

通过脱水反应的平衡热力学计算确定内蒙古兴和－卓资太古宙孔兹岩系变泥砂质岩中变质峰期ａＨ２Ｏ 总体较低, 变化于０．１２～０．４０ 之间, 黑云紫苏片麻岩中ａＨ２Ｏ为０．２０～０．４３。前者的ｌｏｇｆＯ２ 值最高为－ １３～－ １５, 但在有些岩石中极低,（μＨ２ Ｏ／ＸＢｔＭ ｇ ）Ｐ,Ｔ和（μＯ２ ／ＸＢｔＭ ｇ ）Ｐ,Ｔ的系数主要变化于－ ０．２４１～－ ０．３８３ 和－ １．０５２～－ １．８１０,（μＨ２Ｏ ／μＯ２ ）Ｐ,Ｔ的斜率也有一定变化。这些数值变化特征按 “碳质变质”观点不应出现, 主要也不是脱水熔融作用所致, 它们可能与非完全开放系统中Ｈ２Ｏ较ＣＯ２ 易于逸散有关。     

古气候古环境研究中类脂化合物单体同位素分析

高精度准确测定类脂化合物单体同位素比值对重建古气候古环境具有重要意义。论述了古气候、古环境研究中适合单体同位素分析的类脂化合物提取、分离富集方法,介绍了单体化合物碳、氢同位素的仪器分析方法。     

南阳凹陷原油含氮化合物组成及其控制因素

原油的含氮化合物总量及其组成特征不仅受原油运移距离影响,而且还受成油母质类型和成熟度影响.对南阳凹陷27个原油含氮化合物的研究表明,其油气运移指向的规律性不强,原因主要是由于原油运移距离较短,地质色层效应不明显.魏岗南部和北部原油的成熟度差异较大,但含氮化合物组成特征总体上非常相似,表明南阳凹陷原油的含氮化合物总量及其组成主要受控于成油母质类型.     

生物气CO2还原途径中碳同位素分馏作用研究及应用

地质历史中,CO2/H2还原产甲烷作用对生物气的形成具有十分重要的意义。中国柴达木盆地第四系生物气主要为CO2/H2还原型生物气。笔者以CO2/H2还原生气理论为指导,进行不同初始碳同位素值和不同赋存状态碳源的生物模拟实验,研究CO2/H2还原产气过程中发生的碳同位素分馏作用。实验结果表明,产物中δ13CH4值与底物的δ13C值呈很好的正相关关系;在反应母质过量的情况下,碳源的赋存状态可以影响产物甲烷的碳同位素组成。以游离形式CO2还原产生的甲烷δ13C值,相对于以HCO3-、CO23-离子形式产生的甲烷δ13C值轻。通过柴达木盆地东部第四系生物气田实例分析,探讨了该区生物气的主要底物CO2的来源及赋存状态,对评价盆地生物气资源和有利勘探区预测有重要的参考价值。     

Origin and Distribution of Hydrogen Sulfide in Oil-Bearing Basins,China

Abstract: The concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) varies greatly in the oil-bearing basins of China, from zero to 90%. At present, oil and gas reservoirs with high H2S concentration have been discovered in three basins, viz. the Bohai Bay Basin, Sichuan Basin and the Tarim Basin, whereas natural gas with low H2S concentration has been found in the Ordos Basin, the Songliao Basin and the Junggar Basin. Studies suggest that in China H2S origin types are very complex. In the carbonate reservoir of the Sichuan Basin, the Ordos Basin and the Tarim Basin, as well as the carbonate-dominated reservoir in the Luojia area of the Jiyang depression in the Bohai Bay Basin, Wumaying areas of the Huanghua depression, and Zhaolanzhuang areas of the Jizhong depression, the H2S is of Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR) origin. The H2S is of Bacterial Sulphate Reduction (BSR) origin deduced from the waterflooding operation in the Changheng Oilfield (placanticline oil fields) in the Songliao Basin. H2S originates from thermal decomposition of sulfur-bearing crude oil in the heavy oil area in the Junggar Basin and in the Liaohe heavy oil steam pilot area in the western depression of the Bohai Bay Basin. The origin types are most complex, including TSR and thermal decomposition of sulfcompounds among other combinations of causes. Various methods have been tried to identify the origin mechanism and to predict the distribution of H2S. The origin identification methods for H2S mainly comprise sulfur and carbon isotopes, reservoir petrology, particular biomarkers, and petroleum geology integrated technologies; using a combination of these applications can allow the accurate identification of the origins of H2S. The prediction technologies for primary and secondary origin of H2S have been set up separately.     

掺铁二氧化钛薄膜的自组装制备、表征与光催化性能研究

采用自组装方法于低温液相反应体系中成功制备出大尺寸二维纳米二氧化钛薄膜和掺铁二氧化钛薄膜。样品通过荧光发射光谱、拉曼光谱、高分辨透射电镜等方法进行表征,并研究了紫外光和可见光下Fe3+/TiO2纳米薄膜对甲基橙溶液(MO)的光催化降解过程,探讨了Fe3+对TiO2的光催化活性的影响。结果表明,此方法不需要高温煅烧即可得到高催化活性的金红石和锐钛矿混合型二氧化钛薄膜,以金红石为主。Fe3+掺杂明显提高了TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解效率:掺杂Fe3+浓度为0.5 mmol/L时光催化效果最优,且更利于较低浓度甲基橙溶液的降解,在紫外光和可见光下对初始浓度5 mg/L甲基橙溶液的降解率分别达到98.62%和89.24%。     

Evidence of Oil Sources and Migration in Triassic-Jurassic Reservoirs in the South Tianhuan Depression of the Ordos Basin,China Based on Analysis of Biomarkers and Nitrogen-Bearing Compounds

Abstract: The Ordos Basin is an important intracontinental sedimentary basin in western China for its abundant Mesozoic crude oil resources. The southern part of the Tianhuan Depression is located in the southwestern marginal area of this Basin, in which the Jurassic and Triassic Chang-3 are the main oil-bearing strata. Currently, no consensus has been reached regarding oil source and oil migration in the area, and an assessment of oil accumulation patterns is thus challenging. In this paper, the oil source, migration direction, charging site and migration pathways are investigated through analysis of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds and hydrocarbon biomarkers. Oil source correlations show that the oils trapped in the Jurassic and Chang-3 reservoirs were derived from the Triassic Chang-7 source rocks. The Jurassic and Chang-3 crude oils both underwent distinct vertical migration from deep to shallow strata, indicating that the oils generated by Chang-7 source rocks may have migrated upward to the shallower Chang-3 and Jurassic strata under abnormally high pressures, to accumulate along the sand bodies of the ancient rivers and the unconformity surface. The charging direction of the Jurassic and Chang-3 crude oils is primarily derived from Mubo, Chenhao, and Shangliyuan, which are located northeast of the southern Tianhuan Depression, with oils moving toward the west, southwest, and south. The results show that an integration of biomarker and nitrogen-bearing compound analyses can provide useful information about oil source, migration, and accumulation.     

四川冕宁木落稀土矿床稀土元素迁移与沉淀机制:来自稀土矿物中流体包裹体的证据

木落稀土矿床位于印度-亚洲陆陆碰撞带之东部转换带,是四川冕宁-德昌稀土矿带的重要组成部分,其成矿与喜山期岩浆碳酸岩关系密切.本文在详细的矿床地质研究基础上,通过矿床中主要稀土矿物氟碳铈矿中流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温分析、包裹体成分的LRM分析和包裹体中子矿物相的SEM/EDS分析等,对与稀土矿化有关的成矿流体的特征、演化及稀土迁移与沉淀的机制进行了讨论.结果表明,与稀土成矿有关的流体为富CO2、H2、K 、Na 和SO2-4的中高温、高压超临界流体.超临界流体对稀土的迁移起到重要作用,温度、压力降低造成的超临界流体中CO2相与水溶液相的分离是造成稀土矿物沉淀的主要机制.     

Theoretical Study on Stochastic Modeling of Combined Gravity-Magnetic-Electric-Seismic Inversion and Its Application

As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path.