MICROFRACTOGRAPHY OF NEAR-THRESHOLD FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN DUAL-PHASE STEELS

SEM microfractography of near-threshold fatigue crack propagation were carried out in thedual-phase steels of 3 martensite morphologies and 6 volume fractions of martensite (V_m).All of them are featured by cyclic cleavage characteristics in near-threshold region,i.e.,main-ly controlled by mode Ⅱ stress.In the higher ΔK regions,the fracture surfaces are character-ized by mixed modes including cyclic cleavage facets,two types of secondary cracks andstriations,etc..The roughness-induced crack closure of fracture surface is attributedprimarily to extreme high fatigue crack growth threshold values.     

双相钢近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展微观断口形貌

研究了三种马氏体形貌和六种马氏体含量双相钢的近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展的微观断口形貌,SEM观察表明:所有组织的近门槛区域的断口表面均有循环解理开裂特征,说明主要由Ⅱ型应力作用控制,在较高ΔK的快速扩展区,断口特征是由混合开裂方式组成,这包括循环解理小平面,两种类型的二次裂纹和辉纹等,断口表面粗糙度诱发裂纹闭合是双相钢门槛值高的一个重要原因。     

MICROMORPHOLOGY OF NEAR-THRESHOLD FATIGUE FRACTURE SURFACES

本文研究了LD10铝合金和Ti-6Al-4V合金近门槛值疲劳裂纹扩展的断口形貌。SEM观察表明:两种合金的近门槛值区域(1×10~(-7)-1×10~(-5)mm/cycle)的微观断口形貌均为循环解理刻面;在LD10铝合金中循环解理刻面多数呈锯齿型或梯田状,而在Ti-6Al-4V合金中主要为孤岛状循环解理刻面。 本文在实验观察的基础上,进一步阐明了近门槛值疲劳裂纹扩展机理。     

疲劳裂纹扩展的非比例过载效应SCIEI

本工作研究了比例(Ⅰ型)过载及非比例(复合型)过载对常幅Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明:Ⅰ型过载所引起的裂纹滞后扩展效应远较复合型为强。因此,在估算疲劳寿命时将零、构件实际承受的过载(大都为非比例过载)简单地当作比例过载处理,可能会过高地估计寿命,带来不安全因素。文章从Ⅰ型及复合型过载所引起的裂纹钝化、裂端塑性区的形状、尺寸及裂纹闭合等方面讨论了它们对裂纹扩展滞后效应的影响。     

EFFECT OF NON-PROPORTIONAL OVERLOADING ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH

The effect of proportional and non-proportional overloading on mode l fatigue crack growthhave been studied,and the influences of crack tip plastic zone,crack tip blunting as well ascrack closure were discussed.Proportional(model I)overloading may cause more seriouscrack growth retardation than non-proportional(mixed mode)overloading.Therefore,forestimating the fatigue life of engineering structures to simplify a real overload which may of-ten be non-proportional as a proportional one is not always safe.     

ASPECTS OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN INTERMET ALLICALLOYS

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管线钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率与疲劳寿命关系的研究

通过对管线钢表面缺陷的断裂力学分析,建立了用管线钢的疲劳裂纹扩展数据估算含初始缺陷的管道在运行条件下的疲劳寿命的数学计算方法．用该方法计算了6种管线钢在给定运行条件下的疲劳寿命,并进行了模拟实际条件的疲劳实验,表明管线钢疲劳寿命的计算值与实验值之间存在良好的线形关系,即在疲劳裂纹扩展实验结果的基础上,计算管线钢在实际运行条件下的疲劳寿命是可行的．同时讨论了管线钢的组织对其疲劳性能的影响．     

INVESTIGATION OF THE LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE AND FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIORS OF P91 BASE METAL AND WELD JOINTS

Low cycle fatigue tests and crack growth propagations tests on P91 pipe base metal and its weld joints were conducted at three different temperatures: room temperature, 550℃ and 575℃. The strain-life was analyzed, and the changes in fatigue life behavior and fatigue growth rates with increasing temperature were discussed. The different properties of the base metal and its weld joint have been analyzed.     

显微组织对Ti_3Al－Nb系合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

本文测试了三种显微组织的Ｔｉ３Ａｌ－Ｎｂ系合金的室温疲劳裂纹扩展速率．结果表明，初生α２相的体积分数、基体的晶粒尺寸、高温β转变产物的形貌以及静态屈服强度是影响材料的疲劳门槛值和裂纹扩展速率的重要因素；应力比的影响有着普遍的规律性．结合ＳＥＭ断口及裂纹扩展路径观察结果，对疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了简单的讨论．     

谱载荷下的短裂纹扩展规律及疲劳损伤的研究

本文研究了一种谱载荷作用下的短裂纹扩展规律，并对谱载荷下的疲劳损伤进行了预测与分析，实验发现；谱载荷下的单边穿透短裂纹和缺口短纹都能够在长裂纹的槛植以下以国高的速率扩展，表现出与常幅下短裂纹相似的扩展规律。     

铸造Ni_3Al基合金疲劳裂纹扩展的电镜断口观察

本文研究了微量元素硼、锆和钛等对铸造Ni_3Al基合金疲劳行为的影响,并用S360扫描电镜观察其循环形变(滑移),疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展特征,以及研究γ′(Ni_3Al)相(包括γ′+γ共晶小大,分布)和γ′+γ/γ相界而,Ni_3Al多晶体晶界和缺陷淀对疲劳裂纹生长的影响。     

钢在海水中阴极保护条件下的裂纹扩展特征SCIEI

研究了WFG362钢和A537CL1海洋平台用钢在海水中阴极保护下裂纹扩展的特征。实验结果表明:Ca,Mg沉淀物对裂纹扩展有阻碍作用,使裂纹扩展速率不再随ΔK单调上升,扩展速率曲线成V字型,在一定的ΔK值下扩展速率达到最小值。此外沉积物的作用也使最佳阴极保护电位区间发生了变化,-800—-900mV和-1100—-1500mV为海水中这种材料的最佳保护电位区间,-950—-1000mV范围内为十分有害的区间。     

TRANSFORMATION OF RETAINED AUSTENITE IN CARBURIZED CASE DURING FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH

The morphology of the retained austenite in the carburized case of 20CrNiMo steel and itstransformation during fatigue crack propagation through the case were investigated by usingX-ray and TEM analysis.In the carburized case both film and block shaped retainedaustenite were found.Due to the crystallographic orientation relationship at the interface,thefatigue crack is inclined to pass through the block shaped retained austenite and thereby stim-ulates its strain-induced martensitie transformation.During the process of the fatigue frac-ture,most of the retained austenite structures on the crack path are transformed into themartensite,and the untranaformed parts on the fracture surface remain less than 6%.Thetransformation of the retained austenite,which is restrieted mainly within the plastic zone,oc-curs only during the proeess of fracture,and is independent of the magnitudes of the externalstress,stress ratio and cyclic number.The volume expansion accompanying the transforma-tion creates an additional residual displacement of about 0.44μm on fracture surfaces,whichis equivalent to the magnitude of the plasticity-induced residual displacement.The phasetransformation induced fatigue crack closure is believed to be an important factor affectingthe fatigue crack behaviors in the high carbon laver of the carburized case.     

疲劳断裂过程中渗碳层残余奥氏体的转变

研究了20CrNiMo钢微氮渗碳层中残余奥氏体的形态,及其在疲劳断裂过程中的转变和作用。结果表明:渗碳层残余奥氏体有薄膜状和块状两种形态,由于界面取向的影响,疲劳裂纹更易于穿过块状奥氏体,促使其发生应变诱发马氏体相变。在疲劳断裂过程中,裂纹面附近的残余奥氏体大部分转变成马氏体,这种转变是在断裂瞬间发生的,与疲劳力学条件无关。转变所引起的体积膨胀增强了裂纹闭合效应。相变诱发闭合是渗碳表层高碳区疲劳裂纹扩张行为的主要因素之一。     

PD3钢轨钢接触疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

从滚动-滑动接触应力场出发,考虑残余应力和裂纹面间的摩擦力,对PD3钢轨钢提出了一个简单实用的接触疲劳裂纹扩展模型.计算结果表明,裂纹扩展的有效驱动力随残余压应力及裂纹面间摩擦力的增大而减小,实验结果与理论计算结果基本吻合.     

EFFECTS OF TRACE Zr ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE OF HIGH DAMPING Zn-Al ALLOY

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国产海洋用钢36Z焊缝腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的研究SCIEI

本文给出了国产海洋用钢36z焊缝及热影响区在人工合成海水中不同频率的裂纹扩展特征,并与国外同样强度级别的海洋用钢A537焊缝的裂纹扩展率进行了比较。结果表明,在人工合成海水中国产钢焊缝和热影响区低频比高频下的裂纹扩展率分别高3—5倍和4—10倍;国产钢焊缝与A537焊缝的裂纹扩展率基本相当。本文对腐蚀介质下焊缝裂纹扩展规律和断裂特征进行了讨论。     

Ce对2090Al-Li合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响SCIEI

研究了7075,2090和2090+Ce合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。2090合金的名义疲劳裂纹扩展抗力优于7075合金,归因于其高的裂纹闭合效应,但其本征疲劳裂纹扩展抗力低于7075合金。在2090合金中添加微量Ce,可同时提高其本征疲劳裂纹扩展抗力和裂纹闭合效应,故其名义疲劳裂纹扩展抗力大幅度提高。     

EFFECTS OF MICROSTRVCTURE ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHMIOR IN Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY GH586

1.IntroductionInmetalsandalloys,thenearthresholdfatiguecrackgrowthisfrequentlytermed'microstructurallysensitive'.Thisisduebothtotheappearanceofthefracturesllrface,whichisoftenfaceted,andtotilelargevariationsincrackgrowthratewhichcanbeobtainedbyalteringparameterssllchasgrainsize,yieldstrength,ortherelativeproportionsanddistributionsofphasesinthemicrostructure[1].Thisimpliesthatsignificantimprotremelltintotalfatiguelifecouldbeachievedbychangingthemicrostructureofalloys.Therefore,itwouldbeveryadv…     

EFFECIS OF TEMPERATURE AND OVERLOAD RETARDATION ON CORROSION FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL

The fatigue crack growth rate (CGR) of ultra high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A in distilledwater at 18,35 and 55℃ were measured.It was confirmed that the temperature is strongly af-fected on the corrosion fatigue CGR of ultra high strength steel.An expression concerning theeffects of Δ K and temperature on the CGR was proposed.The fact that the apparentactivation energy (36.6 kJ/mol) resulted from regressive analysis of CGR data was similarto the activation energy of hydrogen diffusion in γ-Fe,strongly supporting the theory ofhydrogen-assisted crack growth.The overload retardation effect was greatly reduced in cor-rosion fatigue crack growth,especially at lower frequency,e.g.,0.1 Hz.This phenomenonmight be due to the increase of the SCC component of CGR after an overload.