含银粗铋真空精炼

研究了含银粗铋真空蒸馏精炼的可能性和规律性。试验结果表明，采用真空蒸馏法精炼粗铋在技术上是可行的。所采用的工艺条件为：蒸馏温度９００－９５０℃，时间１５－２０ｍｉｎ，系统残余气体压强２５－４０Ｐａ，熔体深度４－５．４ｍｍ。经一级真空真空蒸馏粗铋，产出率达９８％以上，精铋中铁，铜含量低于一号精铋国家规定含量标准；要得到铅，银等杂质含量均低于１号或２号精铋国家规定含量标准的精铋产品，需采用多级真人蒸馏     

焊锡电解阳极泥真空处理的实验研究

采用真空熔炼—真空蒸馏的方法处理焊锡电解阳极泥,在还原真空度20~30 Pa,还原温度为1273 K,还原剂为30%,还原时间1.5 h,蒸馏温度1573 K,蒸馏真空度10-2~0 Pa,蒸馏时间30 min下,得到了纯度为98.13%的粗锡,粗锡中锑、铋、银的含量降低至0.19%,0.85%,0.82%,大部分的锑、铋进入冷凝物中,实现了锡与锑等有价金属一定程度的分离。真空处理后得到的粗锡可返回锡电解系统生产精锡,得到的冷凝物可作为锑冶炼原料进行利用。     

粗金真空蒸馏脱除银锌铜的研究

研究了真空蒸馏法脱除银锌铜的理论和实验的可行性。利用真空电阻炉,以质量分数为93.98%的粗金为原料,进行真空蒸馏实验,研究了蒸馏温度,蒸馏时间对金直收率及银锌铜的脱除率的影响。实验结果表明:在真空炉压强为10~30 Pa,蒸馏温度为1773 K,蒸馏时间为60 min的条件下,银的脱除率达到99%以上,锌的脱除率接近100%,残留物金中的铜含量低于2%,一次真空蒸馏残留物中金的直收率大于80%,此工艺为真空蒸馏分离粗金中银锌铜提供的新方法,并使银得到有效的富集,对粗金采用真空蒸馏法脱除银锌铜具有指导意义。     

粗锌真空蒸馏规律的研究

目前国内外皆采用常压精馏的方法精炼火法生产出的粗锌。本文探讨了采用真空蒸馏法精炼粗锌的可能性。由理论计算得到６５０℃时，在Ｚｎ—Ｐｈ及Ｚｎ—Ｃｄ系富锌端，分离系数βＰｂ＝２．２７４ｘ１０～－３，βＣｄ＝２６．７５２，说明锌铅分离效果很好，锌镉仍有可能分离。小型试验研究了温度、残压、熔体深度、蒸馏时间等因素对锌、铅、镉蒸馏的影响，得出了真空蒸馏粗锌的有关基本规律和作业条件。     

精铋的真空蒸馏硫化除铅

从理论上分析了用真空蒸馏分离精铋中各杂质和通过加硫除铅的可行性.在真空炉内进行了精铋加硫除铅的实验研究,考察了加硫量、蒸馏温度、残压和蒸馏时间以及加硫次数等因素对除铅效果的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件：每克铋加硫量控制在0.02 g左右、蒸馏温度约1073 K、残压控制在16 Pa左右,蒸馏时间不超过15 min.在此条件下可将金属铋中的杂质铅含量由30 μg/g降到了0.21 μg/g,达到了“5N”高纯铋的要求.良好的实验结果表明,精铋硫化除铅具有工艺流程简单、改善劳动环境及提高生产率等优点,是一种去除精铋中铅的有效方法.     

真空蒸馏法处理铜砷锑合金综合回收铜银的研究

从理论上分析了采用真空蒸馏法处理铜砷锑合金综合回收其中有价金属铜银的可行性,并通过实验探讨了蒸馏温度、保温时间、真空度、元素As,Sb对Cu与Ag分离和富集效果的影响。结果表明:在蒸馏温度1673 K,保温时间150 min,系统残压20~30 Pa条件下,残余物中Cu含量可达82.8%,直收率为92%左右,残余物中Ag含量可降至100×10-6,表明Cu,Ag基本完全分离,挥发物中Ag含量可达0.88%,直收率为93%左右,Cu,Ag分离和富集效果显著。As,Sb因为与Cu的相互作用力很强,容易形成多种不易挥发的化合物,导致其实际挥发性和理论计算结果相差很大。产出的含Ag 0.9%左右的挥发物可以继续采用真空蒸馏法富集Ag,然后把富集Ag得到的残余物投入粗铅精炼环节,和粗铅中原有的Ag一同按传统工艺产出。含Cu80%左右的残余物可以采用改进后的硝酸-硝酸铜电解液电解精炼产出阴极铜。     

高砷粗铅真空蒸馏脱除砷的研究

采用鼓风炉熔炼高砷粗铅为原料,对其真空蒸馏脱除砷进行理论分析和实验研究,考察蒸馏温度、恒温时间对砷脱除率、金属铅直收率的影响。理论分析结果表明:砷与铅的饱和蒸气压差异较大,且两者不形成金属间化合物,在较低的蒸馏温度条件下,高砷粗铅真空蒸馏可以有效地脱除砷。实验结果表明:在系统压力为5~15 Pa,蒸馏温度为973 K,蒸馏时间为30 min的条件下,砷的脱除率为80%,铅的直收率为97%,粗铅中铜的存在对砷的脱除有较大的影响。此工艺为粗铅真空蒸馏脱除砷提供新的方法,对粗铅采用真空蒸馏精炼除砷具有一定的指导意义和应用价值。     

真空蒸馏-分级冷凝法处理铜浮渣的应用研究

铜浮渣是粗铅火法精炼除铜过程的产物,针对铜浮渣现有工艺流程长,环境污染,工作环境差等缺点,本文采用"真空蒸馏-分级冷凝"的方法,对铜浮渣进行脱硫和脱铅以及回收铜银锑的应用研究,对金属及硫化物的饱和蒸气压进行了理论分析,考察了蒸馏温度,恒温时间对铅和硫的脱除率和铜银锑的直收率的影响。实验结果表明:在蒸馏温度1523 K、炉内压强20~160 Pa、保温4.5 h的条件下,一级冷凝物为含硫10%的硫化物,二级冷凝物为含铜1.17%的粗铅,残留物为含铅0.46%,含硫0.21%的铜银锑合金。     

粗锡真空蒸馏精炼的研究

针对粗锡火法精炼工艺中砷、锑无法有效开路的问题,采用"真空挥发-分级冷凝"技术,对粗锡进行真空蒸馏精炼工业试验,控制炉内残压10~30 Pa,蒸馏温度1200~1400℃,日处理量18~20 t,可得到含锡99.575%的产品粗锡,超过70%的砷锑可以蒸馏脱除,得到金属砷和锡铅锑合金,从而减少精炼渣的产生,大大降低环境与安全风险。     

真空条件下含银铅锑多元合金中锑的蒸发行为研究

根据真空冶金原理,以选择性分离银锑为目的,采用真空蒸馏法研究含银铅锑多元合金在真空(5～25 Pa)的条件下蒸馏过程中Sb的蒸发行为,考察蒸馏温度、蒸馏时间、多元合金中其它组元对锑蒸发的影响;并测定了不同温度下Sb元素的蒸发速率.实验结果表明:随着蒸馏温度的升高及恒温时间的延长,Sb的蒸发量和挥发率均增大.X射线衍射分析表明,蒸发物中锑为元素Sb,残留物中Cu与Sb形成化合物Cu2Sb及Cu10Sb3,Ag与Sb生成Ag3Sb,阻碍部分Sb的彻底蒸发.结合Sb元素的蒸发机制,根据实验结果计算得出Sb元素的蒸发速率为15.169～18.066g·cm-2·h-1.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to     

Win-Win Cooperation

正The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's recent trip to the UK has reinforced the China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership;just as the British Prime Minister David Cameron put it,"the relationship is gaining in strength,depth and understanding"after a bucket of business deals being inked worth more than 30 billion US dollars.From the first agreement signing in 2004 to the new agreement of mutual standards recognition and adoption in     

Systematic Approach for Emerging Industry

正A national directory of standards complexes for strategic emerging sectors was recently developed and released jointly by 12governmental departments,namely,SAC,NDRC,MOST,MIIT,MEP,MOA,AQSIQ,State Forest Administration,State Administration of Science and Technology for National Defense,State Oceanic Administration and National Railway Administration.     

Strictest Pollutants Emission Standards

正Four new national standards on air pollutant emission control offi cially issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection(MEP)together with AQSIQ and SAC has been brought into force from July 1,2014.The Emission standard for air pollutants of coal-burning,oil-burning and gasfi red boilers,which is the strictest emission standard historically,will tackle the stubborn pollution problem of boilers and waste incineration in most of China’s regions.     

Instructions to Authors

New Carbon Materials is a bimonthly journal published with the permission of the Ministry of Science and Technology and of the State News and Publication Agency.The journal is sponsored by the Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Science Press.Aims and Scope     

Progress on Standards Copyright Protection

正Recently,National Copyright Administration of China(NCAC)has rewarded 215 organizations and 179 individuals for their outstanding efforts on investigating standards copyright infringement and piracy in 2013.Hua Jianhua,the Deputy-Director of National Standards Copyright Protection Workgroup Office won a third prize of the national individual award.In 2012,SAC set up the national standards copyright protection working group,and developed policies to crack down standards infringement and piracy behaviors and to strengthen standards copyright protection.