对国家环境保护野外观测研究站建设的几点思考

《国家环境保护"十二五"科技发展规划》提出将国家环境保护野外观测研究站作为"十二五"环境科技支撑能力建设内容之一;在《"十二五"国家自主创新能力建设规划》中也将国家野外科学观测研究站(网)作为科技创新基础条件的建设内容。在分析环保部门生态环境观测研究台站建设现状基础上,对国家环境保护野外观测研究台站的建设目标与定位、空间布局、运行机制、监测与评价技术体系构建、监测指标体系框架等进行分析探讨。在目标与定位上,国家环境保护野外观测研究台站既要与目前国内主要的生态环境监测网络(如中国生态系统研究网络和中国森林生态系统定位研究网络)形成补充,同时也要突出环保部门特色;在空间布局上既要关注水、空气、土壤污染的重点监控区,也要关注生态脆弱区、重要(点)生态功能区等生态敏感区;在技术体系上,要研究建立标准化、规范化的观测技术体系,同时也要注重生态环境评价方法研究,为生态环境精准化管理提供技术支持。     

富营养化水库水生生态环境长期观测研究

分析某富营养化水库长达15年的水质和藻类观测结果,研究该水库水质及水生生态环境变化趋势,评估各类污染防治措施的治理成效。提出富营养化防治是一个长期的工作,应在科学研究的基础上,有针对性地实施控源和生态防治相结合的治理措施。     

科学谋划“十四五”国家生态环境监测网络建设

党的十八大以来,党中央、国务院高度重视环境监测工作,将生态环境监测纳入生态文明改革的大局统筹推进,取得了前所未有的显著成效。然而与建设美丽中国的新要求及国际先进水平相比, 中国的生态环境监测网络仍存在差距。笔者深入研究了当前和今后一个时期国家生态环境监测网络发展方向 ,并提出相应建议。针对空气、地表水、土壤、生态、声等要素的国家生态环境监测网络,分别提出网络布局及点位优化的原则,强调应通过理顺国家生态环境监测网运行机制、建立部门协作机制、健全生态环境监测法规标准体系、加强监测新技术研究及成果转化、强化监测装备自主研发等方式加强生态环境监测网络相关保障。     

山东省生态环境监测网络建设发展建议

介绍了山东省生态环境监测网络建设状况,“十三五”期间全省基本实现大气、水、土壤、噪声、生态、污染源等全覆盖,“十四五”初期优化调整了地表水、地下水、海洋、土壤等环境质量监测点位,加大了自动监测力度。通过分析当前全省监测网络建设中存在的覆盖不全面、技术不完善、服务不深入等问题,提出了环境质量监测、生态质量监测、污染源监测、应急监测等各要素的发展建议。     

崇明岛生态环境预警监测网络优化研究

按照全面监控生态岛建设进程的要求,在分析和识别崇明岛生态环境质量监测工作现状及存在问题的基础上,依据相关规划、标准和技术规范,开展了崇明岛生态环境监测网络优化研究。采用遥感与地面相结合、人工与自动相结合、理化与生态相结合的手段,建立了全要素、全覆盖的“天地一体化”生态环境立体监测网络体系,围绕崇明岛五大功能分区,进一步优化了水、气、声等常规环境监测网络,拓展和完善了土壤、生物多样性等生态要素的监测网络,以期进一步优化预警监测网络,进而为崇明生态岛建设进程的动态评估提供基础。     

关于省级生态环境监测机构发展规划的思考

在剖析新形势下生态环境监测发展形势需求的基础上,分析了生态环境监测机构发展在精准支撑环境管理、提升监测科研创新驱动力和建设高水平人才队伍等方面存在的问题。提出了以支撑、服务、引领生态环境决策管理为导向,深化制度建设、强化人才队伍、加强科研创新、夯实基础能力、打造特色亮点,全面提升核心竞争力的省级生态环境监测机构发展规划思路,以及环境监测预警能力建设、科研创新发展、人才队伍建设、体制机制建设等方面建设任务。为实现生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化,全面改善生态环境质量提供有力支撑。     

加强环境监测点位管理的思考——以江苏省“十二五”环境监测网络调整为例

基于江苏省"十二五"环境质量监测网络优化调整工作,指出监测点位设置和管理工作中存在的问题,讨论了点位优化调整的原则和思路,总结监测网络调整结果,并开展点位优化调整的成效分析,提出进一步优化监测网络设置的建议。     

吉林省地方生态环境标准体系研究及发展思考

地方生态环境标准是国家生态环境标准的有效补充。以吉林省为例,通过系统研究地方生态环境标准体系现状,发现吉林省地方生态环境标准存在体系不健全、黑土地分布区生态环境协同保护待加强、标准的全过程管理机制待加强等问题,提出加强顶层设计,完善地方生态环境标准体系,并推动东北黑土地分布区地方生态环境标准体系协同发展,紧跟政策完善重点区域和流域污染物协同管控标准,强化标准宣贯等发展构想,可为其他地区生态环境标准体系构建工作提供参考。     

我国生态环境监测网络建设成效与展望

2015年中央全面深化改革领导小组审议通过《生态环境监测网络建设方案》,推动全国生态环境监测网络建设取得重大成就.对照《生态环境监测网络建设方案》提出的"全面设点,完善生态环境监测网络"方面的任务与要求,对生态环境监测网络建设成效进行客观评估,并对生态环境监测面临的形势与不足进行了深入剖析.针对加强生态环境监测网络建设...     

Improving the effectiveness of planning EIA (PEIA) in China: Integrating planning and assessment during the preparation of Shenzhen's Master Urban Plan

The enactment and implementation of the 2003 EIA Law in China institutionalised the role of plan environmental impact assessment (PEIA). While the philosophy, methodology and mechanisms of PEIA have gradually permeated through the various levels of government with a positive effect on the process and outcome of urban planning, only a few cities in China have so far carried out PEIA as a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)-type procedure. One such case is the southern city of Shenzhen. During the past three decades, Shenzhen has grown from a small town to a large and booming city as China has successfully and rapidly developed its economy by adopting the “reform and open door” policy. In response to the challenges arising from the generally divergent processes of rapid urbanisation, economic transformation and environment protection, Shenzhen has incrementally adopted the SEA concept in developing the city's Master Urban Plan. As such, this paper reviews the effectiveness of PEIA in three ways:

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  as a tool and process for achieving more sustainable and strategic planning;

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  to determine the level of integration of SEA within the planning system; and,

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  its effectiveness vis-à-vis implementation.

The implementation of PEIA within Shenzhen's Master Urban Plan offers important insights into the emergence of innovative practices in undertaking PEIA as well as theoretical contributions to the field, especially in exploring the relationship between PEIA and SEA and highlighting the central role of local governing institutions in SEA development.     

A Review of the Northern Ecosystem Initiative in Arctic Canada: Facilitating Arctic Ecosystem Research Through Traditional and Novel Approaches

The Canadian Arctic is undergoing considerable social and environmental change. Anthropogenic stressors on this sensitive environment include climate change, contaminants, resource extraction, tourism and increasing human populations. The Northern Ecosystem Initiative (NEI) is a program aimed at supporting the sustainability of northern communities, and at improving our understanding of how northern ecosystems respond to these environmental stressors. A key element of the NEI is to establish partnerships between all levels of government, non-governmental environmental agencies, and northern residents. The NEI is an important source of financial support critical for social and environmental scientists as well as northern residents and their community and regional organizations. Initiated in 1998, the NEI has supported numerous northern scientific and capacity-building projects, and has evaluated the information gained from this work to refine and focus its future support to address key information gaps and northern needs.