两种叠片式过滤器的工艺性能比较试验

采用并联式的过滤系统,对国产的亚高牌叠片式过滤器与以色列ARKAL公司的叠片式过滤器进行了工艺性能比较试验.针对不同过滤精度(20、55、100、200μm)的叠片,在不同的加药量下,比较研究了两种过滤器进出水的浊度和悬浮周体含量、周期产水量、FPI值、水头损失、流量、反洗等工艺性能参数差异,试验结果表明,两种过滤器的性能大体相近.     

微孔过滤器在纺丝溶过渡中的应用

叙述了新型微孔过滤器的主要构造、反洗、再生方式、再生周期以及在纺丝浴过滤中的应用效果，并提出了改进的设想。     

丙纶丝束过滤器在酸浴过滤中的应用

在粘胶长丝生产中，纺丝酸浴在其调配和纺丝过程中都会带入和生成一些不溶解的固体杂质，主要有纺丝时带入的粘胶块、废丝以及在纺丝成形反应时生成的硫及硫化物等。这些杂质有的分散于浴液中、有的浮在浴面，除小部分在地槽中沉淀外，大部分被泵吸入进行循环，这就使得酸浴混浊。     

正交试验法优化核桃壳过滤器反洗参数研究

核桃壳过滤器是油田生产水处理系统的重要设备.针对核桃壳过滤器在反洗工况中滤料漏失问题,根据平台现有的设备和条件,确定了对核桃壳过滤器滤料漏失影响较大的二个因素:反洗流量、搅拌和反洗时间,围绕这两因素进行正交分析,找出其对核桃壳过滤器滤料漏失影响重要性的主次关系,并确定核桃壳过滤器反洗工况的最佳因素组合,结果表明,反洗流...     

反洗酸浴过滤器的新方法

介绍一种反洗酸浴过滤器的新方法,该方法具有操作简便、节能、反洗效果好等优点。这种新方法的实施需先对酸浴过滤系统进行改造。对传统的酸浴过滤器反洗方法与新的酸浴过滤器反洗方法做了具体对比。     

丝束悬挂式过滤器

分析了粘胶纤维厂酸浴过滤使用的微孔过滤器和丝束过滤器的缺点。介绍了唐山三友化纤公司设计的丝束悬挂式过滤器的结构、特点、工艺过程和工艺操作及应用效果,该过滤器所有过滤内件均采用FRPP材料,内件重量仅是常规丝束过滤器的1／3,且解决了滤器泄漏问题。     

核桃壳过滤器反洗降频研究

CEP平台核桃壳过滤器处理能力设计值38400m³/d,未达处理量上限时,反洗频率应低于1 8个/天。某年4～6月保持处理量30000m³/d,反洗频率由1 6个/天上涨到2 4个/天,超设计值后增加了流程处理压力和工作量。经分析出口水质化验结果和运行机理,确定主要因素是悬浮物含量升高,次要因素是上游加气浮选器溶气量和核桃壳反洗时间的不合理。通过调整上游注入化学药剂配比,优化气浮溶气量和核桃壳反洗时间,配合物理除油,降低反洗频率及水中含油。     

自动反洗表面过滤器在硫酸装置稀硫酸过滤上的应用

硫酸净化工序斜板沉降器出来的污酸用自动反洗表面过滤器进行清污分离,介绍处理工艺流程及主要设备。每年可以回用硫酸1400t（折标酸）,年经济效益约为86．19万元。     

三种纤维过滤器在火电厂水处理中的应用

对下进水囊式纤维过滤器、下孔板浮动型纤维过滤器、上孔板浮动型纤维过滤器的优缺点和运行效果进行对比分析,指出3种过滤器适合应用的水质;并且探讨了提高纤维过滤器反洗效果的方法.     

酸浴过滤器酸反洗和出渣工艺

采用酸浴反洗酸浴过滤器工艺，与水反洗酸浴过滤器相比，可明显降低运行成本和减少酸性废水排放。介绍了酸浴滤器酸反洗和出渣工艺的设计及设备选择和管路布置，分析了使用过程中易出现问题的原因。     

一种新型滤料──炉渣滤料性能研究

针对炉渣滤料的过滤性能作了系统的实验研究。实验表明，炉渣滤料具有较大的悬浮物脱除效率和截泥量，且系废料利用，因而具有很大应用价值。在实验的基础上，得到了炉渣滤料阻力损失的模型和过滤模型中的参数，并开发了过滤过程模拟计算软件，可作为新型滤料工艺设计或核算之用。     

孔径梯度分布对亲油型滤材气液过滤性能的影响

在天然气净化、大型旋转机械曲轴箱通风和压缩空气过滤等领域,气液聚结过滤器具有广泛的应用。利用滤材过滤性能实验装置,分析了气液过滤过程中不同孔径梯度分布的亲油型滤材的压降、穿透率和饱和度变化,比较了其过滤性能、内部液体分布特性以及对液滴二次夹带现象的影响。结果表明：在气液过滤过程“通道压降”阶段,孔径递增滤材压降和0.8 μm以上液滴穿透率的变化曲线具有明显的分层特征。不同孔径梯度分布滤材的稳态过滤性能存在明显差异,主要原因是滤材内部存在液体运移通道的传递现象。通过与孔径递减和孔径均匀分布滤材的稳态过滤性能对比,发现孔径递增滤材在保证较低压降的同时具有最高的品质因子,有利于减少液滴二次夹带现象的发生,且对0.8 μm以上不同粒径液滴均具有最高的过滤效率,即孔径递增滤材在气液聚结过滤器设计中更具优势。     

两种典型滤料厌氧氨氧化效果与工艺运行优化

为促进厌氧氨氧化在城市污水处理中的应用, 针对陶粒和火山岩两种典型滤料滤池的厌氧氨氧化脱氮效果和关键性工艺参数进行了研究。试验结果表明, 接种挂膜启动生物滤池, 10 d可实现稳定的厌氧氨氧化生物膜, 火山岩滤池生物膜量和EPS均高于陶粒。滤料和反冲洗对厌氧氨氧化滤池实现稳定脱氮具有重要影响, 低滤速条件下火山岩和陶粒滤池厌氧氨氧化效果基本相同, 火山岩滤池和陶粒滤池反冲洗周期均较长, 宜采用单独水冲方式;但高滤速条件下火山岩滤池比陶粒滤池更易堵塞, 滤层有效深度小, 反冲洗方式宜采用气水联合反冲方式, 并相应缩短反冲洗周期、延长反冲洗时间。火山岩和陶粒滤池滤速均不宜高于2 m·h^-1, 最高总氮负荷分别可达3.81 kg·m^-3·d^-1和3.56 kg·m^-3·d^-1。     

水厂过滤工艺水头损失计算与试验

基于水厂实际生产过程,利用堵塞计测定滤层中的压力值的方法进行了水头损失的计算,建立了水厂实际生产中水头损失的模型,并利用差分进化算法对模型进行了参数辨识,从而确定了滤池总水头损失的数学模型.结果表明:模型较为准确可靠.生产过程中可根据该模型实时计算出滤池总水头损失,为水厂过滤过程的优化运行打下了良好的基础.     

Comparative performance of philic and phobic oil‐mist filters

The evolution of pressure drop, drainage rate, saturation, and efficiency of combined philic, and phobic oil mist filters in real‐time are examined. The experiments used four different filter configurations, with a combination of oleophobic and oleophilic fibrous filter media, and one oleophilic only reference. The effect of separating filter materials of differing wettability, with a mesh, was also explored. It was found that inclusion of a mesh between layers promoted increased drainage rates and resulted in a significantly lower pressure drop across the filter. The overall mass‐based filtration efficiency was also slightly higher for the configurations containing the mesh. Conversely, re‐entrainment of droplets from the rear face of the filter was only observed in filter configurations without the central mesh. Filters with oleophobic initial layers did not display a classical “depth filtration” pressure drop curve. The oleophobic media was found to possess lower steady‐state saturation than oleophilic media. Additionally, the steady‐state saturation of the oleophilic filter media, when placed at the rear of the filter, was lower when the central mesh was present. The saturation values were compared with recently published theory. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2976–2984, 2014     

Maximizing the capacity and life of depth-type filters

An analytical expression has been derived for the variation of the filtration coefficient of depth-type filters with fractional depth from the downstream to the upstream face of the medium which satisfies the condition of identical retention in every cross-section of the medium. A numerical example has been worked out for a fibrous filter where the porosity of the medium was varied to comply with the required variation of the filtration coefficient. It has been shown also that a filter consisting of three uniform layers of different porosities may adequately approximate the required continuous variation of the filtration coefficient. After a retention of 10% pore volume of dust the permeability of the three-layer medium is about 4 times greater than that of a medium of uniform initial porosity characterized by identical initial collection efficiency, thickness and fiber diameter.     

臭氧-活性炭和BAF-生物强化过滤工艺处理微污染水源水的对比试验研究

以广州东江某水源水为试验水质,从主要污染物的去除效果、装置的运行维护及经济效益等方面,对比研究了臭氧-活性炭深度处理与BAF-生物强化过滤的中试工艺。结果表明:氨氮去除率方面,两种工艺分别为95.8%和91.7%;亚硝酸盐氮去除率方面,分别为97.5%和92.5%;CODMn去除率方面,分别为61.0%和62.2%。两种工艺在运行维护方面,各有优劣。但采用BAF-生物强化过滤工艺工程投资减少20%以上,运行费用降低60%以上,更适于普遍推广。     

Performance of fibrous filters during nanoparticle cake formation

Fibrous filters are highly efficient in removing micrometer particles, but their performance in the nanometer particle range is still little known. The aim of this study was to evaluate pressure drop and collection efficiency during nanoparticles cake formation using commercial fibrous filters. The filter media used were High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) and polyester filters. The aerosols were generated by a commercial inhaler using a 5 g/L solution of NaCl and the particles produced were in the size range from 6 to 800 nm, with a peak at around 40 nm. A superficial velocity (v_s) of 0.06 m/s was employed. During the filtration, the maximum pressure drop established was ?P ₌ ?P_f +980Pa, where ?P_f is the initial pressure drop of the filter. The collection efficiency was determined for a clean filter and for intermediate pressure drops. The filtration curves obtained showed that the HEPA filter provided greater surface filtration, compared to the polyester filter. Comparison of the collection efficiencies for clean filters revealed that the HEPA filter was highly efficient, even in the absence of cake, while the polyester filter showed initial collection efficiencies of between 20 and 40% for particles in the size range from 100 nm to 1000 nm. However, after formation of the filter cake, the collection efficiencies of both filters were almost 100% during the final stage of filtration. This shows that the fibrous filter can be applied in several industrial processes with highly efficient nanoparticle separation, after the formation of a thin layer cake filtration.     

湿法磷酸过滤操作及我厂3种过滤机使用情况

介绍磷酸料浆过滤操作和基本要点及3种(带式、翻盘式、转台式)过滤机的优缺点,比较3种过滤机过滤前后磷酸P2O5浓度变化值(降低值)分别为0.37%、2.04%、1.48%。并提出了优化过滤操作的可行性建议。     

分光光度法测定水中悬浮物

分光光度法与重量法测定水中悬浮物进行准确性与精密度的比对实验。结果表明,用分光光度法测定水中悬浮物操作简便、精确、快速、及时,充分发挥仪器在检测中的作用,提高分析效率,值得在环境监测工作中推广应用。