AZ91D镁合金表面扩渗Ce组织及耐蚀性能

首先采用表面机械研磨的方法实现了AZ91D镁合金表面纳米化,然后研究了熔盐扩渗Ce对AZ91D镁合金表层组织及耐蚀性能影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)以及X射线衍射(XRD)对扩渗层形貌、成分及物相进行了分析,并利用电化学工作站测试了渗层在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的耐蚀性能。研究结果表明,经过表面纳米化及熔盐扩渗Ce后,AZ91D镁合金表面耐蚀能力明显提高,扩渗层厚度随着扩渗时间的延长而增加,扩渗层变得更连续、致密,表面扩渗层的主要富稀土相为Al2Ce金属间化合物。     

热扩渗铝工艺对碳钢表面渗铝层组织及性能的影响

采用二次正交同归试验方法,研究了碳钢的热扩渗铝温度、时间与铁铝金属间化合物层厚度的关系,得到最优的热扩渗铝工艺参数,并对热扩渗铝前后的试样浸铝层组织形貌与性能进行了分析.结果表明:理想的扩渗铝温度为950℃,保温时间为6 h.经扩渗铝处理后的试样表面获得了一定厚度的铁铝金属间化合物扩渗层,其硬度及高温抗氧化性能均优于未进行扩渗处理的试样.     

文献资源：文摘辑要——《材料保护》：2008年第11期

钢丝热镀Zn—Al—Mg合金层及其电化学腐蚀行为,纯镁材表面Zn,Al混合粉合金扩渗形成的机制,热浸镀锌钝化液能研究,不锈钢渗铝它的表面组织、成分及其耐熔锌腐蚀的性能,稀土铈和镁对热浸铝镀层耐蚀性能的影响,Zn-Ni—La合金镀层的耐蚀性研究……     

固态渗铝对AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金组织的影响

采用固态渗铝法在AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金表面制备了铝化物渗层。渗铝温度为900 ℃,时间为4 h。借助SEM、EDS、XRD和显微硬度计分析了渗层的显微组织、相组成和显微硬度。结果表明,铝化物渗层分为内外两层,基本无孔洞和裂纹,与基体结合良好。铝化物渗层的硬度达970 HV0.1,远高于基体。     

AZ91D镁合金表面渗锌渗层组织及其性能研究

采用zn与Al2O3固体混合粉末对AZ91D镁合金表面进行热扩渗处理,对渗层进行金相组织形貌、化学成分、物相组成分析以及对基体材料、扩渗试样进行盐雾腐蚀对比试验.结果表明,在400℃恒温热扩渗8 h条件下,扩渗层与基体材料表面之间能够形成由均匀细密的共晶态组织构成的渗层,厚度约为0.7 mm左右,扩渗层主要合金相由Mg7Zn3与Mg-Zn化合物共同构成.同时盐雾腐蚀试验结果表明,形成的扩渗层组织在一定程度上提高了AZ91D镁合金表面的耐腐蚀性能.     

强流脉冲电子束表面改性AZ31镁合金的耐磨耐蚀性能

选用强流脉冲电子束对AZ31镁合金进行表面改性处理,分析了改性后的AZ31镁合金表面显微结构,测量处理前后AZ31镁合金的耐磨性能和耐蚀性能。结果表明,脉冲电子束处理后AZ31合金表面出现了典型的熔坑形貌,同时熔坑周围有应力波作用产生的褶痕。由电子束快速凝固作用所产生的表层晶粒细化和固溶强化显著提高了AZ31合金的耐磨性。此外,电子束表面改性导致表层镁、铝元素含量及分布形式发生变化。样品表层铝元素的升高是改善其腐蚀性能的主要原因。     

表面热扩散渗铝锌处理对AZ91D镁合金性能和组织的影响

为了改善镁合金的表面性能,通过对AZ91D镁合金进行表面热扩散渗铝锌混合粉末热处理,得到了AZ91D镁合金表面渗膜层.对AZ91D镁合金表面热处理后得到的渗膜层表面、断面形貌、结构组成、耐腐蚀性能、显微硬度等进行了探讨及试验研究,结果表明:在470℃、6h空冷条件下进行表面热扩散渗铝锌,获得的表面渗膜层比较均匀细致.渗膜层增强了镁合金基体耐腐蚀性能,显著提高了镁合金基体的防护性能,AZ91D镁合金热处理后具有较高的表面显微硬度,扩大了镁合金的使用范围.     

AZ31镁合金盐浴渗铝改善耐蚀性机制分析

采用真空热扩散渗铝的方法对AZ31镁合金进行表面合金化处理,在不同参数下得到厚度不一的渗铝层,对渗层的显微组织、物相组成进行了分析,并分析了渗铝试样的耐腐蚀性能和显微硬度.绘制了AZ31镁合金基体以及经过400℃扩散渗铝4 h后的试样的极化曲线.结果表明,渗层主要由Mg₁₇Al₁₂,Mg₃Al₂和α-Mg等组成,渗层厚度随扩散温度提高而增加,400℃恒温热扩散4 h时,在基体表面获得了连续且均匀细密的渗铝层,显微硬度值从基体的53 HV提高到80~85 HV,同时,该方法使得镁合金的自腐蚀电位提高了约105 mV,而镁合金的自腐蚀电流密度降低了一个数量级,这表征着镁合金的耐蚀性能得到提高.     

不锈钢表面粉末包埋渗铝过程及渗铝层表征

采用固体粉末包埋法对00Cr17Ni14Mo2和1Cr18 Ni9Ti 不锈钢进行渗铝，形成富铝表层.阐述了不锈钢表面渗铝过程，并且对不锈钢渗铝层的成分、结构和形貌进行了表征.分析了合金中Ni元素对渗铝过程的影响.结果表明：渗铝层呈多层结构，渗层与基体及层间结合良好，界限明显、齐整.渗层组织主要由FeAl相组成，并含一定量的Ni3Al相.      

AZ91D镁合金热扩渗涂层研究

用固体粉末热扩渗法，对AZ91D镁合金表面实施纯Al及Al-Ce共渗处理。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、能谱分析以及硬度测试和极化曲线测量，研究了扩渗涂层的组织和性能。结果表明，本方法可在镁合金表面获得连续、致密的表面渗层，渗Al及Al-Ce共渗层均能提高镁合金的硬度及耐腐蚀性，Al-Ce共渗层的硬度及耐蚀性明显优于渗纯铝。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.