Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser additive manufactured novel titanium alloy after heat treatment

A novel α+β titanium alloy with multi-alloying addition was designed based on the cluster formula 12[Al-Ti₁₂](AlTi₂)+5[Al-Ti₁₄](AlV_1.2Mo_0.6Nb_0.2) which was derived from Ti-6Al-4V.The nominal composition of this novel alloy was determined as Ti-6.83Al-2.28V-2.14Mo-0.69Nb-6.79Zr.In this study,the novel alloy and Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples were prepared by laser additive manufacturing.The microstructure,micro-hardness,room/high temperature tensile properties of the as-deposited samples were investigated.Compared to Ti-6Al-4V,the novel alloy has much higher room and high temperature (600℃) tensile strengths,which are 1,427.5 MPa and 642.2 MPa,respectively;however,it has a much lower elongation (3.2%) at room temperature because of the finer microstructure.To improve the elongation of the novel alloy,heat treatment was used.After solution at 960℃ or 970℃ for 1 h followed by air cooling and aging at 550℃ for 4 h followed by air cooling,a unique bi-modal microstructure which contains crab-like primary α and residual β phase is obtained,improving the compression elongation by 80.9% compared to the as-deposited samples.The novel alloy can be used as a high-temperature and high-strength candidate for laser additive manufacturing.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Fe alloys prepared by semi-solid formation

The effects of alloying elements, electromagnetic stirring, reheating and semi-solid formation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Fe alloys prepared by semi-solid formation were studied. It was found that alloying elements and electromagnetic stirring can alter the morphology and growth mode of the iron-rich phase in Al-Fe alloys; and effectively refine the primary Al3Fe phase. In contrast to the microstructure obtained in conventional casting, the Al3Fe phase becomes thin short rod-like instead of thick needle-like; and the dendritic grain structure almost disappears in the semi-solid formation. The Al3Fe phase can be further refined through being dissolved or fused during subsequent reheating. It was also found that the larger extrusion ratio of semi-solid formation causes a greater crushing effect and therefore the Al3Fe phase is more refined and has more uniform distribution. Moreover, Al-Fe alloys prepared by semi-solid formation exhibit excellent mechanical properties at both room and high temperatures.     

退火工艺对增材制造TC18钛合金力学性能和组织的影响

采用显微组织观察和力学性能测试等方法研究了退火工艺参数对增材制造TC18钛合金力学性能和组织的影响。结果表明,增材制造TC18钛合金试块宏观形貌平整,表面没有裂纹等缺陷,表面呈均匀的银白色。试样经600 ℃退火保温2 h后的各项力学性能均满足GJB 2744A—2007指标要求,其规定塑性延伸强度为1036 MPa,抗拉强度为1084 MPa,断后伸长率为9.8%,断面收缩率为30%。增材制造TC18钛合金的组织为典型的柱状晶组织,粗大的β相柱状晶粒内为细长的针状α相及编织细密的α+β相板条组织;随着退火温度的升高,β相柱状晶内的针状α相逐渐粗化。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser additive repaired Ti17 titanium alloy

Laser additive manufacturing technology with powder feeding was employed to repair wrought Ti17 titanium alloy with small surface defects. The microstructure, micro-hardness and room temperature tensile properties of laser additive repaired (LARed) specimen were investigated. The results show that, cellular substructures are observed in the laser deposited zone (LDZ), rather than the typical α laths morphology due to lack of enough subsequent thermal cycles. The cellular substructures lead to lower micro-hardness in the LDZ compared with the wrought substrate zone which consists of duplex microstructure. The tensile test results indicate that the tensile deformation process of the LARed specimen exhibits a characteristic of dramatic plastic strain heterogeneity and fracture in the laser repaired zone with a mixed dimple and cleavage mode. The tensile strength of the LARed specimen is slightly higher than that of the wrought specimen and the elongation of 11.7% is lower.     

丝材电弧增材制造TA15/TC11梯度结构材料的显微组织和力学性能

利用丝材电弧增材制造的方法制备从TA15过渡为TC11的梯度结构材料,并对该梯度结构材料的晶粒形态、化学成分、显微组织和力学性能沿沉积方向的变化情况进行表征和研究.结果表明,从TA15到TC11,晶粒尺寸减小,并且发生从柱状晶到等轴晶的转变.合金元素的含量在短距离内变化很大,突变区的宽度为800μm.TA15区域和TC...     

热处理对激光增材制造Ferrium M54钢微观组织及力学性能的影响

采用激光增材制造技术制备了Ferrium M54钢,研究了传统热处理对其组织和力学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉伸试验机及维氏硬度计分析了沉积态和热处理后试验钢的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,激光增材制造M54二次硬化钢是由沿沉积方向生长的柱状晶构成,沉积态试样纵向的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为1832 MPa和997 MPa,断后伸长率和断面收缩率分别为9.5%和28%;经过传统热处理后,定向凝固形成的胞状结构消失,得到马氏体组织。经1075 ℃固溶+1060 ℃油淬+-73 ℃深冷+510 ℃时效处理后激光增材制造 Ferrium M54钢的性能最好,抗拉强度为1863 MPa,屈服强度为1594 MPa,断后伸长率为15%,断面收缩率为59%,硬度为603 HV。     

CMT增材X80钢组织和性能与韧性调控措施

针对油气管道在线修复需求,采用自主设计的低碳微合金焊丝,进行X80管线钢管的冷金属过渡(CMT)增材修复工艺优化研究。在管道服役后的X80管线钢管基板上制备增材体,观察显微组织形貌,并进行显微硬度、冲击试验和拉伸试验测试。试验结果表明,CMT增材体微观组织为板条贝氏体和少量准多边形铁素体。随着向基板过渡,板条铁素体逐渐转变为粒状贝氏体。CMT增材修复后X80管线钢基板热影响区没有发生软化。CMT增材体显微硬度是基板的119%;CMT增材体不同方向室温冲击吸收能量平均值约为基板的74%;CMT增材体不同方向断后伸长率平均值约为基板的66%,抗拉强度从大到小依次为扫描方向、搭接方向、垂直方向,其数值为基板抗拉强度的103%～114%。建议通过控制CMT增材体横截面上焊道边界(鱼鳞纹线)分布特征,减少金属经历的高温热循环次数,进而在一定程度上改善增材修复增材体韧性。创新点： (1)系统研究了冷金属过渡(CMT)增材制造X80管线钢的组织和性能。(2)提出了通过控制增材体横截面上焊道分布特征来改善增材修复增材体韧性。     

激光增材制造GH3625高温合金激光焊接头组织及力学性能

对激光增材制造GH3625高温合金进行激光对接焊实验,分析了焊接接头的显微组织演变规律和力学性能。结果表明,在热影响区,仅在上层晶界处析出大量Laves相,导致晶界发生明显粗化。沿焊缝上层至下层,熔合区和中间区由上层的胞状晶、柱状晶和等轴细晶逐渐转变为下层的柱状晶,且紧贴熔合线生长的等轴细晶的数量逐渐增多,中心区均为树枝晶。细小颗粒状γ′相弥散分布于焊缝;大量Laves相在中间区枝晶间析出,且形态由上层的条状逐渐转变为下层的颗粒状。接头抗拉强度为872MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的98.2%,伸长率达到母材的90.7%。接头断面近似呈45°斜面,断裂形式为脆性和韧性混合断裂方式。     

激光沉积TC4/TC11梯度材料组织与疲劳性能研究

为了研究激光沉积TC4/TC11钛合金梯度材料的组织与疲劳性能,采用激光沉积制造技术制备两种不同过渡方式的TC4/TC11复合材料。观察不同过渡方式复合材料的显微组织,测试两种复合材料分别在550Mpa和800Mpa下的疲劳性能,并对疲劳断口进行分析。结果表明,相比直接过渡的复合材料,具有3层过渡层梯度材料的显微组织过渡界面不明显,过渡区组织结合紧密;具有3层过渡层的梯度材料在两种应力下的疲劳寿命均比直接过渡的高,低应力下相对提高了129.3%,高应力下相对提高了81.8%;直接过渡复合材料在裂纹扩展时沿着α片层集束开裂,滑移面较大,疲劳寿命较低;具有3层过渡层的梯度材料,裂纹扩展沿着单个α片层滑移开裂,滑移面小,裂纹扩展路径比较曲折,疲劳寿命高。     

不同Cr含量CuCr触头材料的组织与性能对比(英文)

为研究Cr含量对CuCr触头材料组织和性能的影响,采用真空熔铸法制备三种(CuCr25、CuCr30、CuCr40)不同Cr含量的触头材料,并对这3种材料的显微组织、物理性能及电流开断性能进行对比研究。结果表明:随着Cr含量的增加,CuCr材料微观组织的致密度提高,Cr颗粒得到细化,但是Cu基体中固溶的Cr含量增加;材料的电导率和密度均降低,硬度增加,抗拉强度呈线性增加;CuCr25和CuCr30的电流开断能力相当,CuCr40较低。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured W-Ni-Fe-Co composite produced by selective laser melting

Tungsten composites face severe challenges in machining complex structures due to tungsten's high melting temperature. To explore solutions that enable fabrication of complex W composite parts by additive manufacturing, W-6Ni-2Fe-2Co (W90), W-12Ni-4Fe-4Co (W80) and W-18Ni-6Fe-6Co (W70) composites were consolidated by selective laser melting (SLM). The effects of laser process parameters and chemical compositions on densification, microstructures, phases, and tensile properties were investigated. With the increase of laser energy density, the density of the composite increases. Near full density with an absence of cracks and pores was achieved in the SLM-processed W70 composites. The typical microstructure consisted of un melted polyhedral W particles and the surrounding W-Ni-Fe-Co matrix with W dendrites. Alternating layered fine dendrite and coarse dendrite zones were visible in side views of the composites. The tensile properties of the W70 composite had a pronounced improvement with the increase of laser energy density. A maximum ultimate tensile strength of 1198 MPa was obtained in the SLM-processed W70 composite with elongation of 9.5%. The SLM-processed W-Ni-Fe-Co composites pave the way for new refractory metal alloys and complex shaped parts fabrication by additive manufacturing.     

基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金力学和切削性能的影晌

研究基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金力学和切削性能的影响;采用阴极弧蒸发涂层工艺分别在均质和梯度硬质合金基体上制备TiN涂层:运用金相观察、扫描电镜分析、三点抗弯强度测试、显微硬度测试和切削性能测试,研究基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金组织结构、力学性能和切削性能的影响.结果表明:基体结构梯度化后,TiN涂层表面形貌由平整状变为网状结构,显微硬度提高19%,抗弯强度提高6.1%;基体结构梯度化后,涂层硬质合金的结构发生变化、力学性能得到提高,涂层刀片的抗冲击性能和切削性能分别提高10%和15%左右.     

直接激光沉积Fe-Cr-Ni梯度合金钢的组织与性能

采用直接激光沉积技术制备了具有外强内韧组织性能的12CrNi2Y-50Cr6Ni2Y-70Cr8Ni2Y梯度合金钢试样,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、硬度计、摩擦试验机等分析手段,对直接激光沉积的梯度合金钢试样的组织结构、界面结合性、硬度梯度分布及耐磨性等进行了研究。结果表明,在优化的激光沉积参数下,成功制备出了无裂纹夹杂缺陷、梯度过渡界面处呈现冶金结合的12CrNi2Y-50Cr6Ni2Y-70Cr8Ni2Y梯度合金钢试样。梯度合金钢的组织呈现出由粒状贝氏体+板条贝氏体+少量马氏体→板条贝氏体+板条马氏体→板条马氏体+片状马氏体的变化趋势,对应硬度呈356 HV0.2→551 HV0.2→712 HV0.2梯度分布,体积磨损率呈现2.01×10^-4 mm³·N^-1·m^-1→1.33×10^-4 mm³·N^-1·m^-1→0.71×10^-4 mm³·N^-1<...     

激光熔覆WC-Ni基超硬梯度复合涂层的组织与性能

利用激光宽带熔覆技术在45钢表面制备了WC-Ni基超硬梯度复合涂层.对激光熔覆层用SEM、EDS、XRD进行观察和分析.对比研究了单一熔覆层、梯度熔覆层的熔覆层形貌、缺陷状态、硬度及其分布.结果表明,单一熔覆层易出现宏观裂纹、界面处熔合差等缺陷;梯度激光熔覆层逐级过渡的结合形式缓解了应力集中,使应力合理分布.在优化的工艺参数下,通过连续控制微观结构要素,可以实现成分、组织的梯度变化,获得无气孔、无裂纹的梯度熔覆涂层.其中,梯度熔覆层组织主要是由γ-Ni、WC等相组成,涂层的硬度值从熔覆层至基体呈梯度降低趋势,外层平均硬度可达2000 HV0.1以上.     

Effect of Nd addition on microstructure and tensile properties of laser additive manufactured TC11 titanium alloy

Single-layer and multilayer laser additive manufacturing (LAM) for TC11 alloy with different Nd additions was conducted and the effect of Nd addition on microstructure and properties was studied. With the addition of Nd, the aspect ratio of melting pools of single-layer specimens increases and the columnar-to-equiaxed transition occurs. The original β grain size and α plate width of TC11?1.0Nd are significantly reduced compared with those of pure TC11 specimens. It is proposed that the evenly distributed fine Nd₂O₃ precipitates of about 1.51 μm are formed preferentially during rapid solidification of melting pool, and they serve as heterogeneous nucleation particles to refine the microstructure in the subsequent solidification and solid-state phase transformation. Due to the multiple effects of Nd on the microstructure, the ultimate tensile strength of TC11?1.0Nd increases, while the yield strength, ductility and microhardness decrease compared with those of pure TC11.     

ZL205A电弧熔丝增材制造堆积体的组织与性能

用电弧熔丝增材制造技术(WAAM)进行ZL205A铝合金的堆积实验。通过金相、SEM、EDS及拉伸试验,考察堆积体的微观组织和力学性能等,并与金属型铸造试样进行对比。结果发现,堆积体厚度均匀,表面平整,堆积体中元素B和Cd的烧损率分别达到60%和50%。与金属型铸造铸态试样相比较,WAAM直接堆积态晶粒大小更均匀,晶粒尺寸更小,析出相在晶内和晶界上均匀分布。T6热处理后,θ相完全固溶到Al基体中,在晶界上均匀分布着复熔T相,堆积体T6的力学性能达到抗拉强度500Mpa,屈服强度450Mpa,延伸率10%,均高于金属型铸造试样的水平,且试样在横纵两个方向上力学性能一致。     

激光增材制造TC4/GH4169梯度结构微观组织分析

目的 提高TC4/GH4169梯度过渡界面的元素分布均匀性,削弱界面效应,制备二维TC4/GH4169梯度结构。方法 利用激光增材制造技术,采用TC4-90%TC4+10%GH4169-GH4169的梯度过渡方式制备TC4/GH4169一维梯度材料,并在一维梯度的基础上设计二维梯度结构,制备TC4/GH4169二维梯度材料。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对TC4/GH4169一维和二维梯度材料内的析出相以及各梯度过渡界面的组织形态进行分析,利用能谱仪对各梯度过渡界面处的元素分布进行分析。结果 一维梯度90%TC4+10%GH4169-GH4169界面相比于TC4-90%TC4+10%GH4169界面材料相互渗透程度更高。由于TC4内Ni元素的加入,在90%TC4+10%GH4169内生成了较多的呈交联网状分布的Ti2Ni析出相。二维梯度样件在水平方向的界面波动程度以及材料相互渗透程度相比于沉积方向更高,其中二维梯度水平方向TC4-90%TC4+10%GH4169界面两侧元素充分扩散,相比于一维梯度TC4-90%TC4+10%GH4169界面处的元素分布均匀性显著提高。结论 通过合适的梯度过渡...     

激光熔化沉积2195铝锂合金微观组织演变及力学性能

采用激光熔化沉积技术对2195铝锂合金进行制备,通过单道以及搭接试验分析激光熔化沉积2195铝锂合金的最佳工艺参数,并利用光学显微镜(OM)等表征方法对其微观组织进行系统研究。结果表明,最佳沉积工艺参数为扫描功率1400 W,扫描速度480 mm/min,扫描间距1.6 mm。利用最佳工艺参数进行5层堆叠块体打印所得激光熔化沉积2195铝锂合金的微观组织中会出现沿晶界分布的析出相TB(Al₇Cu₄Li)相;激光熔化沉积2195铝锂合金经450℃固溶2 h后,合金中的第二相发生回溶;155℃时效32 h水冷后,合金中的不稳定过饱和固溶体Al₇Cu₄Li相会析出稳定的第二相,形成稳定时效态组织,硬度比固溶处理试样明显增加。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn alloy with erbium

The effect of trace element Er on the microstructure and properties of Al-6Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Cr-0.15Ti alloy was investigated. The results show that the ultimate room-temperature and high-temperature strength sof the alloy have not increased obviously with the addition of erbium, but the uniform elongation of alloys decreases from 9% and 27.5% to 5.5% and 22.5%, respectively. The reason is that the addition of Er will first react with Ti, Cr to form Al20Ti2Er, Al8Cr4Er phases. The precipitation strengthening make...     

Al-10％Fe合金梯度材料的组织与性能

采用离心铸造技术成功地制得了过共晶Ａｌ－１０％Ｆｅ梯度材料,离心机转速每分钟１４００转,金属模具预热温４５０℃,浇注温度１０００℃,采用金相及扫描电子显微镜、ＨＶ－５小负荷维氏硬度计及销盘式ＭＬ－１００型磨粒磨损试验研究了梯度材料组织、硬度及耐磨性的分布规律,结果表明由于初晶Ａｌ３Ｆｅ密度比Ａｌ液密度高,在离心力场初中晶Ａｌ３Ｆｅ向试样外侧移动。Ａｌ－１０％Ｆｅ合金梯度材料的组织分布为最外层初晶Ａ