Simulation of the cyclic behavior of J-shaped steel hysteresis devices and study on the efficiency for reducing earthquake responses of space structures

This paper discusses the availability of a nonlinear finite element program to predict the nonlinear cyclic behavior of a new steel hysteresis device, called a J-damper, which experiences large deformation under severe earthquakes. The validity of this in-house program is confirmed by comparison of the simulated results with the corresponding experimental ones of a J-damper. In addition, it is shown that these devices interposed between an upper structure and its substructure can reduce the earthquake-induced forces through dynamic analysis of a mass-spring model assumed approximately equivalent to a spatial structure.     

基于ABAQUS平台的空间框架结构参数化建模开发与应用

基于有限元软件ABAQUS计算平台提供的二次开发脚本程序接口,开发了适用于空间框架结构的参数化建模脚本程序Frame-3D。并在ABAQUS中利用该脚本程序对空间钢框架和钢管混凝土框架结构建模,通过算例计算分析验证了Frame-3D具有较高的建模效率以及其合理性。     

Finite element analysis and experimental study on high strength bolted friction grip connections in steel bridges

High strength bolted friction grip (HSFG) joints are widely used in steel bridges. Through finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental study, the mechanical behavior including slip-load relationship, load transfer factors, stress state, and friction stress distribution of this type of joints was studied in detail. Both FEA results and experimental results show that the loads resisted by bolts in the edge rows are larger than the ones by bolts in the middle rows. The stress distributions in the connected plate and cover plate are wave-like with large stress and small stress alternate in different locations. Good agreements existed between the test results and the FEA results which verified the accuracy of the FEA. The numerical simulation method of the HSFG joints is proved to be a feasible and time efficient method for connection design.     

A parametric finite element study of cracked plates and shells

The overall behavior of plates and shells as affected by the presence of a through crack in the elastic range has been studied. Due attention has been paid to finite element modeling aspects of the problem. Forty different cracked plate and shell FE models have been generated and analyzed by a special computer program developed for the purpose of this study. The significance of various parameters such as the order of mesh refining at the crack tip, the effect of boundary conditions, Poisson's ratio, crack length and shell curvature are studied. FE model consisting of isoparametric 4-noded shell elements moderately refined at the crack tip predicted the overall stress and displacement field with acceptable precision.     

钢管混凝土框架结构力学性能非线性有限元分析

在考虑材料非线性和几何非线性的基础上进行了钢管混凝土柱-钢梁平面框架结构力学性能的非线性有限元分析,核心混凝土采用考虑钢管约束效应的应力-应变关系,钢材采用二次塑流模型或线性强化模型,通过在有限元公式中引入几何刚度矩阵,并在荷载步中更新坐标描述二阶效应来反映框架结构的几何非线性效应。基于近似修正的拉格朗日表述来反映框架结构变形前后位形之间的关系,利用虚功原理建立相应的增量平衡方程,并采用位移增量法求解非线性有限元方程,理论计算结果得到试验结果的验证。分析表明,基于非线性纤维梁-柱单元理论的分析方法可以反映钢管混凝土框架在受力过程中构件屈服和塑性分别沿截面和杆长两个方向扩展的分布塑性特征,并考虑初始缺陷、残余应力等,因此可较好地反映钢管混凝土框架的力学性能。在此基础上对影响钢管混凝土框架力学性能的主要因素进行了参数分析,分析的具体结果可供有关研究或工程应用参考。     

Finite element parametric study of the performance of a deep excavation

Deep excavations are widely used for the development of underground space. The structural performance of any deep excavation is influenced by details of the soil behaviour, the form of the retaining and support structures that are employed and also the sequence of construction. Finite element analysis is potentially an effective tool for considering both the geotechnical and structural aspects of the design of deep excavations. To capture the main features of the excavation behaviour, a finite element model is required that is able to represent the principal deformation and structural mechanisms at an appropriate level of detail. The current paper explores the various modelling assumptions that need to be considered when developing detailed 3D finite element models for the design of deep excavations. A parametric study is described, based on an idealised square excavation, to investigate the influence that certain key features of the model can have on the quality of the computed results. The study includes the choice of element type to model the structural components, the selection of appropriate material parameters, the choice of procedures to model post-cure shrinkage of the concrete elements and the choice of procedure to model the soil/structure interfaces. The results of this parametric study provide guidance for the development of finite element models for practical design purposes.     

Structural parameter identification and damage detection for a steel structure using a two-stage finite element model updating method

A two-stage eigensensitivity-based finite element (FE) model updating procedure is developed for structural parameter identification and damage detection for the IASC-ASCE structural health monitoring benchmark steel structure on the basis of ambient vibration measurements. In the first stage, both the weighted least squares and Bayesian estimation methods are adopted for the identification of the connection stiffness of beam-column joints and Young’s modulus of the structure; then the damage detection is conducted via the FE model updating procedure for detecting damaged braces with different damage patterns of the structure. Comparisons between the FE model updated results and the experimental data show that the eigensensitivity-based FE model updating procedure is an effective tool for structural parameter identification and damage detection for steel frame structures.     

Shape functions of superconvergent finite element models

In structural dynamics superconvergent element models are obtained by eigen-value convergence analysis, or minimizing the discretization errors leading to maximum convergence rates in their eigen-solutions. The element formulations developed by these inverse strategies are obtained in local coordinates. As no shape functions are employed in their development transforming them to global coordinates is a challenge and prevents their use in practical finite element models. To remove this obstacle a new method is proposed to obtain shape functions for superconvergent element models attained directly from the eigen-value convergence analysis or discretization error analysis. The method employs series of trigonometric functions to obtain shape functions corresponding to the superconvergent element formulations. Using the proposed strategy, the shape functions for superconvergent rod, beam and transverse vibration membrane are obtained. It is shown transformation of the superconvergent element formulation to the global coordinates using the obtained shape functions does not affect the eigen-value convergence rates.     

Experimental and finite element study of profiled steel sheet dry board folded plate structures

Folded plate structures constructed with profiled steel sheeting connected to dry boards by self drilling, self tapping screws (known as the PSSDB system) are being proposed as an alternative to traditional forms of roof construction. This paper describes the analysis, testing, and the structural behaviour of such kind of structures. The proposed efficient and load bearing structural system consists of an assembly of individual PSSDB panels connected by steel angle plates at the ridges, formed to the required shape, width and span. An analytical model using finite element method has been proposed. The profiled steel sheeting was idealised as an equivalent homogeneous orthotropic thin shell plate elements of constant thickness. Two directional plate elements were proposed in modelling the connection between profiled steel sheeting and dry board to include biaxial shear deformation. The proposed analytical method has been used to analyse the results of full-scale folded plate PSSDB tests and is found to give good results.     

A coupled finite element genetic algorithm technique for optimum design of steel conical tanks

Steel conical tanks having an upper cylindrical section and supported by a reinforced concrete shaft are widely used for water containment in elevated tanks. During the past few decades, a number of conical tanks have failed as a result of buckling of the steel vessel due to inadequate selection of the shell thickness. In the current study a powerful numerical tool that couples a non-linear finite element model and a genetic algorithm optimization technique is developed specifically for the analysis and design of steel conical tanks. The developed numerical tool is capable of selecting the set of design variables which satisfies the structure safety requirements while achieving a minimum structure weight and consequently minimum cost.     

体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁力学性能研究

对一种新型的体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁与普通的钢箱-混凝土组合梁进行对比试验,研究这两种钢箱-混凝土组合梁受力过程中的应变分布、界面滑移、刚度、极限强度等力学性能的差异。试验证实,体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁比普通的钢箱-混凝土组合梁的刚度提高54．15％,极限强度提高27．72％。由于体外索的作用,减少了钢箱-混凝土组合梁的脆性破坏程度,提高了结构的强度与刚度,使钢箱-混凝土组合梁的应变分布和增长更为合理。因此,体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁具有更好的力学性能。试验表明,截面应变沿宽度方向呈非线性分布,剪力滞效应随荷载的增加而变化,并不是常量。研究还发现,体外索应力与混凝土翼板最大压应变有密切的关系。在试验研究基础上,建立了截面非线性分析模型和体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁极限强度计算公式,计算的极限强度与试验结果符合很好,这为体外索钢箱-混凝土组合梁极限强度的理论分析和工程实际应用提供了有意义的参考和研究途径。     

弦支式互承网格结构受力性能试验及有限元分析

互承网格结构是一种由杆件相互搭接所构成的空间结构,具有节点构造简单、安装快速、结构杆件与建筑表皮一体化等特点,但是存在结构刚度相对较小的问题。在不改变互承网格构形的前提下,为了改善其力学性能,提出了弦支式互承网格结构。该结构通过树状撑杆将上弦互承网格与下弦索相结合,实现协同工作。以跨度为4m的弦支式互承网格结构模型为研究对象,通过静力加载试验验证了该结构可行性,并分析了其在试验荷载下的受力性能。通过有限元分析了实际尺度弦支式互承网格结构模型的受力性能,通过参数分析研究了矢跨比和预应力对结构的影响。研究结果表明：在试验荷载下,弦支式互承网格结构可以有效降低互承网格的位移与应力,测点位移降幅为30%以上,测量截面应力降幅为15%以上;在均布荷载作用下,弦支式互承网格结构的上弦杆件最大应力具有旋转对称性,结构稳定承载力高于常规互承网格结构,相同荷载下位移明显小于常规互承网格结构;弦支式互承网格结构最大位移随着矢跨比增大而减小,矢跨比过大时会导致树状撑杆长度较大,导致结构稳定承载力下降。     

高温后型钢混凝土框架结构抗震性能及其有限元分析

考虑受火时间、柱轴压比的影响,进行了考虑火灾升降温作用影响的高温后型钢混凝土框架结构抗震性能试验,升降温过程中和高温后阶段均保持柱顶竖向荷载的恒定。通过试验对高温后型钢混凝土框架结构在反复荷载作用下的破坏形态及滞回性能进行了研究。在此基础上,考虑升温阶段、降温阶段以及火灾后三阶段材料本构关系的转化以及型钢与混凝土之间、钢筋与混凝土之间界面的黏结滑移特性,建立了型钢混凝土框架结构温度场以及火灾后抗震性能的有限元分析模型,所得温度场以及试件的破坏形态、滞回曲线的分析结果与试验结果基本吻合,验证了所提出模型的合理性。     

钢网格剪力墙力学性能试验研究及有限元分析

为解决现有加劲钢板剪力墙现场安装难度高、焊接工作量大等问题,提出了装配式钢网格剪力墙结构。为考察该抗侧力体系的静力性能和抗震性能,对2个缩尺模型进行了单调水平加载和低周往复加载试验。基于ABAQUS建立有限元分析模型,验证钢网格剪力墙有限元模型的准确性。研究结果表明：在单调荷载或低周往复荷载作用下,试验与有限元分析结果较为一致,试件均表现出良好的抗侧刚度、延性和耗能能力;其破坏过程为中间位置的T形钢构件首先出现全截面屈服,随着位移荷载的增大,靠近梁柱节点位置的较短T形钢构件开始局部屈服,最终所有T形钢构件均达到了全截面屈服,试件破坏形式为中部T形钢构件拉断,失效模式较为合理;试件破坏时的层间位移角均达到了3.6%以上,延性系数达到5.35以上,试件在每级荷载循环后的强度退化系数均在0.92以上,受力性能稳定。     

基于有限元分析的轻钢结构优化设计研究

以轻型钢结构中的门式刚架为研究对象,以门式刚架结构体系用钢量最少为目标函数,并设定合理的约束条件,借助有限元程序ANSYS进行优化设计,结果表明这种优化方法是可行的,可供工程实践参考。     

钢梁柱节点域受力性能影响因素的有限元分析

利用大型通用有限元软件，建立有限元模型，在单调加载作用下，分析了柱翼缘以及横向加劲肋的厚度变化对节点域受力性能的影响，得出相关的结论。     

基于有限元模型的结构状态评估

以工程中常见的预应力混凝土梁桥为例,在现场试验,有限元模拟的基础上提出了一种评估方法,先用有限元建模,然后根据测量数据调整模型参数,经过一系列调整,使试验结果和理论分析结果达到统一,此时的模型就可用来评估大桥了。     

Numerical parametric study of geosynthetic reinforced soil integrated bridge system (GRS-IBS)

A 2-D finite flement model was developed in this study to conduct a FE parametric study on the effects of some variables in the performance of geosynthetic reinforced soil integrated bridge system (GRS-IBS). The variables investigated in this study include the effect of internal friction angle of backfill material, width of reinforced soil foundation (RSF), secondary reinforcement within bearing bed, setback distance, bearing width and length of reinforcement. Other important parameters such as reinforcement stiffness and spacing were previously investgated by the authors. The performance of GRS-IBS were investgated in terms of lateral facing displacement, strain distribution along reinforcement, and location of potential failure zone. The results showed that the internal friction angle of backfill material has a significant impact on the performance of GRS-IBS. The secondary reinforcement, setback distance, and bearing width have low impact on the performance of GRS-IBS. However, it was found that the width of RSF and length of reinforcement have negligible effect on the performance of GRS-IBS. Finally, the potential failure envelope of the GRS-IBS abutment was found to be a combination of punching shear failure envelope (top) that starts under the inner edge of strip footing and extends vertically downward to intersect with Rankine active failure envelope (bottom).     

Back-analysis and finite element modeling of jacking forces in weathered rocks

Prediction of jacking forces has been well-established for pipe-jacking drives traversing soils. However, the accrual of jacking forces for drives negotiating weathered rock formations has not been well understood. Three pipe-jacking drives in Kuching City, Malaysia spanning weathered lithological units of sandstone, phyllite and shale were studied. In the absence of in-situ pressuremeter testing during the investigation stage, tunneling rock spoils were collected and characterized through direct shear testing. The “generalized tangential” technique was applied to the nonlinear direct shear test results to obtain linear Mohr–Coulomb parameters, c′_p and ϕ′_p. This allowed for back-analysis of frictional coefficient, μ_avg through the use of a well-established predictive jacking force model. The reliability of using c′_p, ϕ′_p and μ_avg was assessed through 3D finite element modeling of the studied pipe-jacking drives. Based on these parameters, the results obtained from the numerical analyses of the studied pipe-jacking drives show good agreement with the jacking forces measured in-situ. The outcome of this research demonstrates that the derived strength parameters from direct shear testing of tunneling rock spoils has the potential to be used as reliable input parameters in finite element modeling to predict pipe-jacking forces in highly weathered geological formations.     

残损木柱受力性能退化试验研究与有限元分析

梁、柱等构件存在腐朽等局部残损是现存古建筑木结构的普遍状况,其显著地降低了木结构受力性能.为研究残损木柱受力性能退化规律,采用局部去除腐朽木材的方法模拟木柱上的局部残损,对4根不同残损程度的矩形木柱进行了轴心受压试验,得到了残损木柱的荷载-侧移、荷载-应变关系曲线,分析了残损木柱的破坏模式、承载力及刚度退化规律.试验结...