水飞蓟种壳中水飞蓟素提取及生物活性的研究

以水飞蓟种壳为材料,研究乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮对水飞蓟素的提取效果、生物活性,采用高效液相色谱检测水飞蓟宾的含量。超声波法中95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮提取得到水飞蓟宾含量16.02、8.56、9.86 mg/g,以无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮为溶剂多次回流提取得到水飞蓟宾含量18.53、17.10、15.66 mg/g。无水乙醇为溶剂有机溶剂多次回流得到的水飞蓟宾含量最多,有一定的抗菌抗氧化能力。     

正交优化水飞蓟素固体分散体制备工艺研究

探究了制备水飞蓟素固体分散体的最佳工艺,通过溶剂法制备其固体分散体,用正交设计实验对水飞蓟素-SD制备工艺进行优化。以水飞蓟宾20 min内的累积溶出率为评价标准,确定最佳制备工艺。通过正交实验和方差分析得出,溶剂法制备水飞蓟素固体分散体最佳工艺条件是:以甘露醇为载体、载体用量为主药的6倍、乙醇浓度为80%、制备温度为30℃时,制备得到的固体分散体溶出速率和累积溶出率较好。     

毛细管电泳法测定水飞蓟宾的含量

采用高效毛细管电泳法(HPCE)测定水飞蓟宾的含量.以未涂敷熔融石英毛细管柱(50 cm×75μm,有效长度45 cm)作为分离通道,缓冲溶液为10 mmol·L-1硼砂(pH为6.0),分离电压为15 kV,检测波长288 nm,虹吸进样,高度差10 cm,进样10 s,柱温25℃的条件下,水飞蓟宾分析时间在4 min内.水飞蓟宾质量浓度在50～200μg·mL-1与峰面积的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9972.检测限(S/N=3)为7μg·mL-1,定量限(S/N=10)为18μg·mL-1,加样回收率为98.8％～112.8％,相对标准偏差为0.5％～2.1％.该方法操作简单可靠,可用于水飞蓟宾的含量测定.     

水飞蓟宾精制方法的比较与改进

比较了精制水飞蓟宾的两种方法，即柱色谱法分离和传统的重结晶分离。通过对比实验，分别确定最佳的实验条件。此外，应用超声波辅助手段对重结晶实验进行了改进。柱色谱条件：100．200目硅胶拌样，n（氯仿）：n（甲醇）=20：1作洗脱剂。改进后重结晶条件：超声时间45win，超声温度60℃，超声功率100％，乙醇作溶剂。考虑产率、毒性、价格和实验条件等因素，确定超声波辅助重结晶为分离水飞蓟宾的最佳方法。     

在线测量系统在微波干燥装置的应用

本研究研制出一套在线测定物料温度和重量的微波干燥装置。通过水飞蓟素微波干燥实验,在4～12min内,湿物料水飞蓟素的含水量由0.5g/g降到0.05g/g以下。而热风干燥对照实验(100℃,130min)中,湿物料水飞蓟素的含水量由0.5g/g降低到0.20g/g左右,证明本套装置具有干燥速度快、实时采集数据、测量精度较高的优点。通过红外对微波干燥前后的水飞蓟素进行表征,证明微波干燥不会影响干燥物料的性质。     

水飞蓟素提取纯化工艺研究

水飞蓟素是一种重要的医药原料,本文对提取纯化水飞蓟素的多种工艺进行了研究,最终得出了一种适合工业化生产的新工艺,提高了水飞蓟素的提取率和溶剂回收率,降低了生产成本。     

水飞蓟宾与水杨酸、丁香酸、水杨酰胺的共晶

水飞蓟宾在水和脂质介质中溶解性较差，生物利用度低，而药物共晶给药技术可在不改变药物药效的前提下提高药物溶解度、溶出速率、生物利用度和稳定性等理化性质。采用溶剂蒸发法在不同溶剂中成功制备出水飞蓟宾-水杨酸、水飞蓟宾-丁香酸、水飞蓟宾-水杨酰胺3种共晶。通过X-射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光耦等表征手段确定了共晶的形成，且对3种共晶进行溶解度测定，结果表明3种共晶增加了水飞蓟宾在水中的溶解度。     

酶-微波辅助提取紫薯花青素的工艺研究

以紫薯为原料,0.3%盐酸-90%乙醇为溶剂（酸醇比为50∶50）,在料液比为1∶10 g/mL时,采用单因素实验法对提取工艺条件进行优化,确定了纤维素酶-微波辅助提取紫薯中花青素的最佳工艺条件为：纤维素酶用量3 mg/g,纤维素酶提取温度40℃,酶提取时间15 min,微波平均辐射功率600 W（温度70℃）,微波辐射时间7 min。对比实验结果表明,酶-微波辅助提取法较单纯盐酸乙醇浸提法,花青素的产率提高了1.86倍,而提取时间缩短了82%。     

超声辅助法提取荞麦七总黄酮的工艺研究

以乙醇为溶剂,采用超声辅助法提取荞麦七中的总黄酮,并采用正交实验优化提取工艺。结果表明,在乙醇浓度50%、提取温度40℃、提取时间40 min、料液比1∶12 g/mL的条件下,荞麦七中总黄酮的提取率达0. 946mg/g,各因素的影响顺序为:提取温度>乙醇浓度>提取时间>料液比。     

五味子中总木脂素的提取工艺优化研究

用乙醇提取五味子中总木脂素,考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间和提取温度对总木脂素提取率的影响。结果表明,五味子中总木脂素最佳提取工艺条件为:采用70%的乙醇作为提取溶剂,以1∶14(g/mL)的料液比冷浸12 h后,超声提取30 min,提取温度为50℃。五味子中总木脂素提取工艺简便、合理,为总木脂素的分离纯化、含量测定及生理活性的开发研究奠定了基础。     

Composition of Catalpa ovata Seed Oil and Flavonoids in Seed Meal as Well as Their Antioxidant Activities

In view of the growing demand for vegetable oil, currently exploration of some non‐conventional oils is of great concern. This study firstly analyzed the contents of fatty acids, phytosterols, and tocopherols in Catalpa ovata seed oil collected from four different Provinces in China. Then the composition of flavonoids as well as their antioxidant activities in defatted seed meal was determined. The results showed that the relative oil content in C. ovata seeds ranged from 24.0 to 36.0 % and seed oil was mainly composed of fatty acids linoleic acid (43.4–50.1 %), α‐linolenic acid (23.8–24.4 %), and oleic acid (13.1–16.2 %). The content of unsaturated fatty acids was up to 85.0 %. Sterol in seed oil mainly contained campesterol, stigmasterol, and β‐sitosterol. β‐sitosterol accounted for 74.0 % of the total sterol. The tocopherol content was 173.0–225.7 mg/100 g. Defatted seed meal from Hubei Province showed the highest content of total flavonoids (11 mg/g) and the strongest activities for DPPH radicals scavenging, ABTS radicals scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power compared with other defatted seed meal in this study. Seven flavonoids were identified from C. ovata seed meal. These results suggest that C. ovata seeds may be developed as a new source of oil and can also be properly used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.     

Water soluble poly(ethylene glycol) prodrug of silybin: Design,synthesis, and characterization

Silybin, the main component of silymarin, is an antihepatotoxic agent. But it presents numerous challenges associated with its poor aqueous solubility which has been realized as the major problem in its dosage form development and clinical application. The objective of our study was to solubilize silybin by designing and synthesizing its aqueous soluble prodrug using high aqueous soluble polymeric carrier—poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). A novel soluble silybin prodrug was synthesized with a linear PEG and succinic ester linkage, and was extensively characterized using proton NMR, FTIR, and TOF‐MS. Furthermore, the prodrug was evaluated for its drug loading capability which was 6.65% and the solubility was 800 mg/mL. The results indicate significantly higher solubility of the prodrug in comparison with silybin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Nutritive value of defatted seed cake ofCleome viscosa

Defatted seed cake ofCleome viscosa was analysed for protein, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. It was found to be a fairly good source of protein and other nutrients. The most limiting amino acid of the protein in the defatted seed cake was tryptophan. Like otherCapparidaceous plants, seeds ofCleome viscosa contained thioglucosinolates. The concentration of which in defatted seed cake before and after detoxification was 3 and 0.12 mg per 100 g. Except for the loss of B-complex vitamins, on detoxification the nutrient composition of the defatted cake remained unaltered. Rats fed diets based on defatted cake containing the toxic compounds lost weight, but those fed detoxified cake showed improved growth. However, the relative protein value (RPV) of the processed cake was poor and suggested the presence of other antinutritional factors.     

水飞蓟素固体分散体的制备及溶解性能研究

筛选出高分子材料制备水飞蓟素固体分散体,提高水飞蓟素的溶解度和溶出速率。分别采用聚乙二醇6000（PEG6000）、聚维酮K30（PVPK30）为载体,制备水飞蓟素固体分散体。采用高效液相法进行含量测定,差示热分析法鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态,并进行溶解度、体外溶出速率实验。结果表明,两种载体的固体分散体均能增加水飞蓟素的溶解度和溶出速率,水飞蓟素在载体中以高度分散状态存在,而非晶型形态存在。以PVPK30为载体明显优于以PEG6000为载体的水飞蓟素固体分散体体外溶解度和溶出速率。     

SPEC 70 SLS阳离子树脂分离牛乳中乳铁蛋白

建立了乳铁蛋白和乳过氧化物酶的反相液相色谱检测法;并采用SPEC 70 SLS离子交换树脂,研究了一步法分离脱脂牛乳中乳铁蛋白和乳过氧化物酶的工艺条件。高效液相条件:波长220 nm,流速1 mL/min,乙腈体积分数在20 min内从25%增加到75%。SPEC 70 SLS树脂静态吸附条件优化:温度15℃,pH7.0,时间3 h。在此条件下,乳铁蛋白标准品的吸附量(质量比)为22.0 mg/g。乳铁蛋白吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,最大吸附量为21.73 mg/g。在静态脱脂牛乳吸附过程中,乳铁蛋白和乳过氧化物酶的吸附量分别为7.64,6.89 mg/g,优于CM Sepharose FF和SP Sepharose FF。     

Extraction of acetyl 11-keto-β-boswellic acids (AKBA) from Boswellia serrata using ultrasound

The present work establishes the application of ultrasund for intensification of extraction of acetyl 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a potent anti-inflammatory agent from Boswellia serrata. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) yield is also compared with Soxhelt and batch extraction techniques. The optimized batch extraction showed 4.8 ± 0.04 mg/g yield of AKBA with extraction time of 120 min. On the other hand, UAE required only irradiation time of 10 min for obtaining a highest extraction yield of 6.5 ± 0.05 mg/g AKBA under optimized conditions. UAE reduced operation time and enhanced extraction yield of AKBA. Therefore, UAE could be the best alternative to intensify extraction.     

Physiochemical Properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha curcas</Emphasis> Seed Oil from Different Origins and Candidate Plus Plants (CPPs)

The physicochemical properties of Jatropha seed oil from 9 geographical origins and 24 candidate plus plants (CPPs) were evaluated. The yield of seed oil obtained by Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane as solvent varied from 40.0% (Malaysia) to 48.4% (Vietnam) among seeds from different origins and 32.1% (CPP-17) to 48.8% (CPP-01) (w/w) among CPPs. Density, specific gravity, and refractive index of oil showed very little differences among all the seed sources. Oil from Borneo had the highest free fatty acid (FFA) content (2.3%) and a South African sample had the lowest FFA (0.4%), as oleic acids. Seed oil of CPP-13 had the highest FFA content (1.2%) and seed oil of CPP-17 the lowest (0.3%). Most of the CPPs in this study had an FFA content of less than 1%. Jatropha seed oil of Philippine origin had the highest iodine value (187.3 mg/g oil) and seed oil from Borneo the lowest (83.5 mg/g oil). The lowest saponification values were obtained from seed oil of Philippine origin (189.5 mg KOH/g) and CPP-22 (183.3 mg KOH/g oil) from Malaysia. The maximum higher heating value (40.3 MJ/kg) was obtained from seed oil from Borneo. The cetane numbers range from 25.4 (Indonesia) to 56.0 (Borneo) among the oils of base material and 46.4 (CPP-15) to 53.7 (CPP-06) among CPPs. This study gives basic information of relevance for biodiesel production using Jatropha seeds from various origins.     

马占相思树皮中原花色素提取工艺及其生物活性的研究

通过正交试验优化了马占相思树皮中原花色素的3种提取方法的最佳提取工艺条件。结果显示,传统溶剂提取法的最佳工艺为：60%乙醇、70℃、70 min、料液比1∶18（g∶mL,下同）,原花色素得率为7.42%;微波辅助提取法的最佳工艺条件为：60%乙醇、微波功率200 W、微波时间8 min、料液比1∶18,得率为7.05%;超声波辅助提取法的最佳工艺为：70%乙醇、超声波温度50℃、超声波时间50 min、料液比为1∶16,得率为8.57%。超声波辅助提取法效果最好,浸提温度低,得率高。进一步对超声波提取物不同溶剂萃取物的体外抗氧化活性和抗肿瘤活性进行了研究。结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取物对DPPH·清除效果最好,其半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）为17.94 mg/L,低于对照样维生素C（Vc）的IC₅₀值;乙酸乙酯萃取物对人肝癌细胞Bel-7404具有明显的抑制效果,IC₅₀值为4.86 mg/L,与抗肿瘤药依托泊苷效果相当。     

培养条件优化和菌种选育提高雷帕霉素发酵水平

研究了雷帕霉素发酵的最佳种子培养时间,发现60 h的种子液能够产生最高的发酵水平.系统地考察了发酵培养基中不同水平的碳氮源和各种无机盐对雷帕霉素发酵水平的影响,并确定最优的培养基配方.在以上优化后的条件下雷帕霉素原始菌的发酵水平从未优化时95 mg/L提高到170 mg/L左右,提高幅度达到79%,取得了明显的效果.然...