基于大数据分析的架空配电线路故障定位研究

故障定位是架空配电线路故障维修的基础工作,但是现行方法定位不够精准,错定率较高。文章针对现行方法存在的问题,提出基于大数据分析的架空配电线路故障定位研究。收集海量架空配电线路电流和电压数据信息,建立线路状态数据集,通过生成架空配电线路拓扑模型,得到线路设备的拓扑连接关系,并对线路区段划分;利用大数据分析技术对每个区段对应的状态量进行挖掘,判断区段状态,输出故障状态线路区段编号,以实现基于大数据分析的架空配电线路故障定位。经实验证明,文中方法错定率在1%以内,定位精度较高,在架空配电线路故障定位方面具有良好的应用前景。     

基于改进萤火虫算法神经网络的刮板输送机减速器故障诊断

为了对刮板输送机减速器故障进行准确诊断研究,提出了一种基于改进萤火虫算法优化神经网络故障诊断方法。首先对刮板输送机减速器故障特征参数进行特征提取,其次应用特征数据样本进行基于神经网络的故障诊断模型训练,利用改进萤火虫算法对神经网络权值、阈值进行优化,加快目标的优化求解,得到最优的网络模型。初步研究表明将改进萤火虫算法与BP(back propagation)神经网络结合可以有效地解决神经网络收敛速度慢,易陷入局部最优等问题,可以对刮板输送机减速器的故障进行准确诊断。     

架空输电线路磁场模型的建立及仿真

架空输电线路发生短路故障时,产生高频暂态行波信号,为了通过各向异性磁阻传感器测量架空输电线路短路故障时周围的磁场,实现故障行波信号的检测,对架空输电线路磁场模型做了合理化的假设及建立。基于该磁场模型的建立,利用MATLAB对架空输电线路发生的短路故障进行了仿真分析。结果表明,架空输电线路发生短路故障时,基于该磁场模型的建立能够识别不同的故障类型,有效的检测到故障行波信号,验证了该磁场模型建立的正确性。     

故障传播模型的飞机电源系统故障诊断研究

研究了基于故障传播模型的故障诊断方法,并将其应用于飞机电源系统,建立了故障诊断模型,用Warshall算法实现了邻接矩阵到可达矩阵的转换,采用改进的CWSE-Tree算法产生候选诊断,最后利用基于贝叶斯理论的方法计算得到候选诊断的后验概率,由此确定检修的先后顺序。结果表明,根据该检修顺序进行检测可以快速而准确的定位故障,具有一定的应用和参考价值。     

共轭斜量法在发动机故障诊断中的应用

提出了基于主因子模型的发动机故障诊断共轭斜量算法,该算法可以有效地解决发动机故障诊断算法中由于故障方程存在多重共线性所引起的误诊与多解问题。某型发动机的故障诊断结果表明,共轭斜量法能够有效地反映出实际的故障部件,相比于最小二乘法,其诊断精度有大幅度提高,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

深度卷积长短期记忆网络的轴承故障诊断

针对传统数据驱动故障诊断方法难以从轴承信号中自适应提取有效特征、没有充分利用故障数据的时序特点以及缺乏自适应处理动态信息能力的问题,提出了一种深度卷积神经网络与长短期记忆网络相结合的智能故障诊断方法.本文方法构建的深度模型能够从轴承原始信号中自适应地提取鲁棒性特征,然后利用长短期记忆网络学习特征中的时间依赖关系实现了高准确度的轴承故障诊断.该方法克服了传统特征提取方法依赖专家经验和信息利用不完全等问题,实现了故障的智能、准确诊断.实验结果表明,该方法可以提取更准确的特征而且由于利用了故障演变过程中的时序信息,使得故障诊断更加智能、可靠.     

SWE-IPCA方法在传感器故障诊断中的应用

针对目前油田传感器设备故障诊断广泛采用的主元得分向量平方和与平方预测误差方法,在进行在线故障诊断过程中,往往存在对实际生产过程中产生的弱故障诊断不灵敏,甚至无法有效进行故障识别的问题,同时考虑到油田生产过程的特点,提出一种基于平方加权预测误差的迭代主元分析进行故障检测的方法,在不同的残差空间中对故障进行分析,提高了系统对弱故障诊断的准确性.运用迭代算法更新主元分析算法模型,通过残差空间的平方加权预测误差变量重构确定故障,实现对油田生产传感器设备故障的动态在线诊断.最后利用油田生产的实际数据对该方法进行了在线故障诊断实验,实验结果表明,该方法对油田生产传感器设备可以有效地进行故障诊断.     

基于边界辅助判别的滚动轴承故障特征增强及诊断方法

滚动轴承作为机械设备重要部件,对保障设备安全稳定运行具有重要意义。针对实际诊断中的滚动轴承故障数据不平衡问题,提出了一种基于边界辅助判别的辅助分类生成对抗网络模型(BD-ACGAN)。首先,设计了一种可用于提取故障样本边界细节特征的边界辅助判别器,以引导生成器生成更真实的样本,并采用该生成样本解决了数据不平衡的问题;其次,采用了自适应权重损失模块,动态调整了损失权重,使该模型更加关注重要的特征信息,从而提高了该模型的生成质量和特征表达能力;利用生成样本和真实样本数据对BD-ACGAN模型进行了增强训练,提高了该模型的泛化能力和诊断能力;最后,进行了消融实验及对照实验,对BD-ACGAN模型的特征增强能力和诊断效果进行了验证,分别采用美国凯斯西储大学和西安交通大学滚动轴承数据集对模型进行了实验验证。研究结果表明：该BD-ACGAN模型能够有效利用故障样本的边界特征解决数据不平衡问题,并且故障诊断精确度为98.79%,优于其他对照模型,为滚动轴承故障诊断提供了一种新的方法。     

一种基于GIS的高压线故障监控显示技术研究

GIS是获取、存储、分析和管理地理空间数据的重要工具.通过GIS技术在Delphi环境下的应用,设计并实现了一个架空高压线故障监控显示方案.可实现短路、断路、接地故障等多种故障的监控,并可以实现故障节点和故障线路的显示.主要实现了基本的地图创建、节点和线路信息管理、线路拓扑结构生成、故障显示等.系统通过接收高压线上各个监控模块上传的基本故障信息,对故障信息进行分析,并在地图上显示出故障位置和类型,同时给予一定的故障提示.实验表明,该方案可以很好地对故障进行监控和显示.     

大数据样本与半监督环境下基于生成对抗网络的故障诊断

在大故障样本条件下,提出一种基于生成对抗网络模型的故障诊断方法研究.构建生成对抗网络模型,保证模型判别器输出数据的总体分布与原始故障集趋同,并基于空间测量工具对梯度函数进行优化,降低损失;采用故障集图像转换方式实现对原始信号的降维处理,利用判别器的神经网络结构训练输入数据,并提取出机械故障数据集中的故障特征点.实验结果表明,提出方法具有良好的分类诊断性能,故障诊断精度能够达到９９．４５％.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.