Epidermoid cyst in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen: a case report

Ectopic splenic tissue in the abdominal cavity is a common entity, with a reported incidence of 10% in the general population. However, an intrapancreatic accessory spleen is a rare disease, and moreover cyst formation in it is exceedingly rare. A 58-year-old woman with a 25-mm multilocular cyst in the tail of the pancreas detected incidentally by ultrasonography was admitted for further evaluation. Because malignancy could not be ruled out, a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy was performed. The cut surface of the surgical specimen showed a multilocular cyst surrounded by brown solid tissue resembling normal spleen. Pathological examination revealed it was stratified squamous epithelium and was surrounded by splenic tissue. The final pathological diagnosis was epidermoid cyst in an accessory spleen in the pancreas. This cyst has no characteristic features on diagnostic imaging. Consequently, it is not possible to make a definite preoperative diagnosis in most cases. Epidermoid cyst in intrapancreatic splenic tissue is another lesion to be considered in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic tail tumors.     

Post-splenectomy intrapancreatic accessory spleen mimicking endocrine tumor of the pancreas

INTRODUCTION

Intrapancreatic accessory spleen is an uncommon congenital abnormality of the spleen with no indication for surgical intervention. Among the few cases reported, IPAS coexisted with a normal spleen. We here report the first case of IPAS arising a couple years after splenectomy with the appearance of an endocrine tumor of the pancreas.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 62-year-old female presented with a one-week history of left upper quadrant discomfort. She had splenectomy for the treatment of hypersplenism caused by cirrhotic portal hypertension two years before this admission. Her physical examination was unremarkable and laboratory data was within the normal range. Both the ultrasonography and magnetic resonance image revealed a small oval-shaped mass in the tail of her pancreas with the diameter 2 cm or less. A distal pancreatectomy was performed for the suspection of malignant neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas. An intrapancreatic accessory spleen was confirmed by the pathologic examination.

DISCUSSION

Intrapancreatic accessory spleen is one kind of congenital ectopic spleen without indication for operative intervention. We present the case to support that intrapancreatic accessory spleen may enlarge through a compensatory mechanism, and raise the awareness of this intrapacreatic entity to avoid unnecessary surgical operation.

CONCLUSION

IPAS should be highly considered as a differential diagnosis while the lesion is no more than 2.5 cm in diameter and/or other accessory spleens show around the splenic hilum.     

Epidermoid cyst of the spleen,a case report

IntroductionSplenic tumors are rare and are either primary or secondary, benign or malignant. Most have none to minimal symptomatology and are found incidentally. Splenic cysts can be infectious, congenital, or traumatic. Epidermoid cysts and parasitic cysts are examples of primary cysts and usually have a classic presentation on imaging. Despite advanced imaging modalities and patient's clinical presentation, it can be difficult to diagnose an epidermoid cyst without histological examination. The purpose of this paper is to discuss typical findings of primary splenic cysts on imaging, but how they may differ in appearance.Presentation of case51 year old female who presented with vague abdominal discomfort and was found to have a large splenic mass with cystic components on imaging which did not demonstrate a typical primary splenic cyst appearance. Patient underwent an uneventful hand-assisted laparoscopic total splenectomy and had an uneventful recovery with histopathology revealing an epidermoid splenic cyst.ConclusionPrimary splenic cysts are difficult to diagnose and differentiate with imaging alone. They have a variable presentation and can present like as a cystic mass. It is important to include them in the differential diagnosis of splenic masses since histopathology is the final determinant of the diagnosis.     

Epidermoid cyst in the renal pelvis

Epidermoid cysts are benign cysts localizingrarely in solid organs with an unclearpathogenesis. A 55 years old woman having anepidermoid cyst in the renal pelvis wasevaluated according to the literature.     

指骨表皮样囊肿一例

患者男 ,38岁 ,左拇指外伤 2 0年 ,局部肿痛 2 0天入院。查体 :左拇指指甲弯曲畸形 ,末节手指尺侧缘肿胀 ,轻压痛 ,似有波动感。Ｘ线片显示 :左拇末节指骨远端尺侧缘可见半圆形骨质缺损区 ,边缘光滑硬化 ,无骨膜反应。ＣＴ检查 :左拇末节指骨内缘被软组织肿块挤压呈弧形凹陷 ,软组织影呈抱球状 ,0 6ｃｍ× 0 6ｃｍ× 1 2ｃｍ大小 ,ＣＴ值 4 8Ｈｕ ,受压骨边缘光滑整齐有硬化缘。化验 :碱性磷酸酶、血沉、血常规均正常。初步诊断 :左拇指末节指骨表皮样囊肿。术中所见 :拇指末节手指尺侧缘皮下有一0 5ｃｍ× 0 5ｃｍ× 1 5ｃｍ包块 ,质软…     

Laparoscopic resection of an epidermoid cyst originating from an intrapancreatic accessory spleen: Report of a case

A 67-year-old man underwent an investigation of epigastric pain and weight loss. Preoperative imaging findings suggested the presence of a tumor, which developed as an epidermoid cyst and originated from an intrapancreatic accessory spleen; however, the possibility of malignancy could not be ruled out. We therefore performed a laparoscopic-assisted distal pancreatectomy with a splenectomy for both diagnostic and treatment purposes. Five laparoscopic ports were created. After the spleen and pancreatic tail were dissected from the retroperitoneum laparoscopically, they were pulled out through a 7-cm left subcostal incision and resected with an endoscopic linear stapler. The operative time was 227 min and the blood loss was 400 ml. The postoperative course was uneventful. The final pathological diagnosis was in agreement with the preoperative diagnosis. This case demonstrates that the minimally invasive approach of laparoscopic surgery can be used safely and successfully for difficult-to-diagnose pancreatic tumors. This is the first report describing a laparoscopic resection of an epidermoid cyst originating from an intrapancreatic accessory spleen.     

Accessory spleen in the greater omentum

Although accessory spleen is a frequently encountered entity, accessory spleen in the greater omentum is rare. A 22-year-old woman presented with dull pain in the left upper abdomen. Cross-sectional imaging studies with 3-dimensional reconstruction suggested the presence of a huge tumor in the greater omentum that was associated with the spleen. At laparotomy, the diagnosis of accessory spleen was made. This accessory spleen was unusual in its size and location. Awareness of this entity and familiarity with typical imaging findings is mandatory for preoperative diagnosis. The importance of recognition and appropriate confirmatory diagnosis of an accessory spleen is discussed.     

Epidermoid cyst of the phalanx of the finger caused by nail biting

Abstract

Intraosseous epidermoid inclusion cysts of the phalanx of the finger are rare, and are regarded as reactive or post-traumatic pseudotumours. We describe a case of an epidermoid cyst in the distal phalanx of the fifth finger caused by chronic nail biting, which was successfully excised.     

Management of an epidermoid cyst of the intrahepatic ducts

Epidermoid cysts of the biliary tree have not previously been described. A baby boy presented with a prenatally diagnosed echolucent intrahepatic cyst. Postnatal radioisotope study of the liver demonstrated that the cyst communicated with the biliary tree. Follow-up ultrasound at 6 months demonstrated that the cyst was filled with echogenic material consistent with either blood or biliary debris. Due to the potential for obstruction and cholangitis, surgery was planned. The cyst was located at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts and involved all of the common hepatic duct. The entire cyst was resected except for the patch containing 3 duct orifices: the opening of both hepatic ducts as well as the orifice leading to the common bile duct. A Roux-en-Y cyst jejunostomy was created to allow drainage of both left and right hepatic ducts. The connection also provided access to the cyst remnant through the common duct for future endoscopic monitoring of potential malignant transformation.     

Penile epidermoid cyst in an elderly patient

Although cutaneous epidermoid cysts are common lesions, penile localization of them is quite rare especially in elderly ages. A case of 70-year-old man with a rapidly growing penile epidermoid cyst that extended to under the symphysis pubis is reported. The cystic mass was excised totally and histopathologic examination revealed the epidermoid cyst. There has been no finding of recurrence for one year follow-up period.     

Unusual presentation of right-side accessory spleen mimicking a retroperitoneal tumor

Abstract:   An unusual case of right-side retroperitoneal accessory spleen is presented. A 68-year-old man visited our hospital for the management of incidentally detected retroperitoneal mass. The computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed the presence of a retroperitoneal tumor (4.0 × 3.8 cm) at the right suprarenal space. Laparoscopic excision was carried out with excellent results. On histological examination, the tumor exhibited a structure typical of splenic tissue. This accessory spleen was unusual in its size and location. Though it existed at the right side, surgeons should be aware of the possible existence of accessory spleens for the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumors.     

Torsion of huge wandering accessory spleen. Case report and review of literature

IntroductionAccessory spleens are found in 10–15% of the population, and are even more prevalent in patients with hematological disorders (Rudowski, 1985). It infrequently may become symptomatic due to torsion, spontaneous rupture or hemorrhage which may lead to death. Torsion of an accessory spleen is extremely rare, and requires prompt medical attention [2] (Coote et al., 1999).Presentation of caseWe report the case of a 27-year-old Mediterranean lady with thalassemia trait, who presented to the emergency department with an acute surgical abdomen due to torsion of a giant accessory spleen, measuring 13 cm. She was diagnosed with the aid of ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan and was treated surgically through resection of the spleen.Discussion and conclusionTorsion of an accessory spleen is not common, and is the surgical indication in about 0.2–0.3% of splenectomies (Mortele et al., 2004). It has variable clinical presentations, and is a difficult preoperative diagnosis due to lack of specificity of symptoms. Accessory spleens are usually smaller than 3 cm, with few cases being reported as larger than 10 cm larger accessory spleens have a higher rate of torsion. Knowledge of this pathology, and familiarity with its radiological findings are fundamental to accurately diagnosing and manageming this challenging condition.     

Laparoscopic splenopexy and cystectomy for an enlarged wandering spleen and splenic cyst

Wandering spleen is an uncommon condition, which can present emergently in children. Similarly, nonparasitic splenic cysts are also rarely encountered. In this report, we describe a massive wandering spleen (22 cm in longitudinal dimension) with a pseudocyst (4.6 × 2 cm) in the inferior pole in an asymptomatic 16-year-old adolescent. Only 4 similar cases have been reported in the literature; 2 of them have been in the pediatric age group. These 2 conditions were diagnosed while she was being evaluated for dysmenorrhea, and she was referred for surgical consultation. The cyst was excised laparoscopically, and the spleen was placed into an extraperitoneal pouch. To date, there are no other reports describing laparoscopic cystectomy and splenopexy in a teenager.     

Familial Epidermoid Cysts of the Spleen: Report of Two Cases

The familial occurrence of epidermoid cysts of the spleen is rare, with only six cases having ever been reported, to our knowledge. We recently diagnosed epidermoid cysts of the spleen in a mother and son. First, a 15-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital for management of blunt abdominal trauma. Computed tomography (CT) showed a ruptured large splenic cyst with an intraabdominal hematoma. We performed a splenectomy, and histopathological examination confirmed the existence of an epidermoid cyst of the spleen. About 2 years and 6 months later, the family physician found that the patient's 41-year-old mother had a large splenic cyst, and she was referred to our hospital for further investigation. CT showed a 10 × 8 cm cyst occupying most of the spleen. The patient underwent splenectomy, and a pathological diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst of the spleen was confirmed. Although the etiology of epidermoid cysts of the spleen is unclear, this familial occurrence may support the hypothesis of congenital malformation as a result of genetic change.     

胰腺异位副脾的CT与MRI检查特征

胰腺异位副脾（IPAS）临床少见,其影像学表现易与胰腺实质性肿瘤相混淆,总结其CT和MRI检查特征,将有助于提高对该病的诊断与鉴别诊断水平,避免不必要的手术。2007年8月至2012年8月宁波大学医学院附属医院和第二军医大学长海医院分别收治的5例和3例IPAS患者。8例患者均行CT检查。7例患者同时行MRI检查,其中5例行磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）检查。其结果显示：8例患者病灶均位于胰尾,4例呈卵圆形,3例呈类圆形、1例呈类三角形,最长径为（2．3±1．0）em,最短径为（1．4±0．6）cm。CT平扫：8例患者病灶密度与原位脾相近。CT增强扫描检查：动脉期：3例患者病灶呈均匀强化,5例患者病灶呈斑马纹样强化;门静脉期：8例患者病灶强化程度趋向均匀;延迟期：8例患者病灶强化程度均下降。三期动态增强扫描中,8例患者病灶强化方式与原位脾基本一致,7例患者病灶强化程度高于胰腺实质。MRI检查：7例患者病灶在T1WI、T2WI的信号强度与原位脾一致;在动态增强扫描各期6例患者病灶强化程度均高于胰腺实质。DWI检查：b=600s／mm2时,病灶呈显著高信号,ADC600值为（0．868±0．046）mm2／s,与相应原位脾的ADC600值（0．870±0．045）mm。／s比较,差异无统计学意义（t=0．522,P〉0．05）。2例患者合并肝硬化,其中1例伴原发性肝癌。2例患者发现脾脏周围存在其他副脾。因此,当影像学检查发现胰尾的类圆形或卵圆形病灶边界清楚,其密度、信号强度与脾脏相近时应考虑IPAS。CT和（或）MRI动态增强扫描联合DWI检查对IPAS的诊断具有重要价值。     

Digital intraosseous epidermoid inclusion cyst of the distal phalanx

Epidermoid inclusion cysts (EIC) of the bone are exceedingly rare. We present a case of an atypical EIC originating at the base of the distal phalanx of the index finger following a remote history of crush injury to the finger. The differential diagnosis of expansile, lytic lesions of the phalanges remains broad, and definitive diagnosis requires tissue histopathological analysis. At latest follow-up, the patient was pain-free and obtained an excellent clinical and radiographic outcome following intra-lesional curettage and bone grafting. Differentiation of EIC from other radiolucent digital lesions remains challenging, especially when classic radiographic findings are not seen. We review the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic diagnostic features of this lesion, as well as our current treatment algorithm.     

Squamous cell liver cancer arising from an epidermoid cyst

Squamous cell liver cancer (SCLC) arising from an epidermoid intestinal cyst is rare. Only 65 cases of this cyst have been reported since 1850, with 2 reported cases of squamous cell cancer. We describe here the case of a 21-year-old man who complained of mild pain, a feeling of fullness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, and fever and weight loss, who developed SCLC arising from an epidermoid intestinal cyst. The clinical presentation, management, and pathological findings are discussed. Received: March 21, 2001 / Accepted: August 1, 2001