多孔体太阳空气集热供暖系统热性能实验研究

设计一种多孔体型太阳空气集热器建筑供暖系统。实验研究不同孔径集热板形式和空气循环流动方式对建筑供暖系统热性能及其室内热环境的影响。实测结果表明,集热器进、出风口空气平均温差达24.0℃以上;强制循环方式下孔径1.6mm、孔间距12mm的集热板较孔径5.0mm、孔间距25mm的集热板中心点和出风口温度高6.0℃和4.7℃,集热效率仅相差0.045～0.060;增大孔径对提高集热效率作用不明显;单台1.85m2集热面积晴好天气可使实验房白天室内温度较对比房高约7.0℃,可满足冬季室内温度要求。     

无盖板渗透型太阳能空气集热器热性能的实验研究

无盖板渗透型太阳能空气集热器是一种易于实现建筑一体化的高效新风预热及干燥装置。为了掌握无盖板渗透型集热器在实际工况下的热性能,建造了集热面积为2.2 m2的太阳能空气加热系统实验台,并在2009年2月至2009年4月对其热性能进行了户外瞬态实验研究。实验结果表明出口空气温度随辐射强度的增加而升高,太阳辐射强度是影响集热器出口空气温度的最重要因素,而室外空气温度的影响极小。空气温升随风量的增加而减小,集热器热效率随风量的增加而增大。在三个测试日中集热器的平均热效率分别为58%、63%和72%,高于普通平板太阳能空气集热器。     

利用条缝射流强化无盖板型太阳能集热器性能

为提升无盖板型太阳能空气集热器热性能，设计一种条缝射流型太阳能空气集热器，并利用数值模拟和实验验证对其热性能进行分析。集热器内部流动及换热特性的模拟结果表明，利用圆孔和挡片形成的条缝射流能对集热板形成有效覆盖，进而提高进气与集热板的对流换热。射流条缝存在最优结构参数，当圆孔直径为25 mm时，条缝宽度在3 mm处接近最优；集热效率则随挡片直径的增大而增大，是由于射流贴附效应在变强。实验结果表明，条缝射流型集热器的全天热效率稳定且高效。当处理气量为39 m3/h时，该集热器全天热效率稳定在约48%，优于传统的无盖板渗透型太阳能集热器。     

全玻璃真空管太阳空气集热器

简要介绍了全玻璃真空管太阳空气集热器结构、工作原理和对其进行测试的结果，在空气流量为60m^3／h和90m^3／h时，瞬时效率曲线分别为η=0．73-5．54(Tm-Ta)／I和η=0．78-5．45(Tm-Ta)／I。实验结果表明：内插管式全玻璃真空管太阳空气集热器具有较好的集热性能。     

非均匀多孔太阳能新风预热墙热性能实验研究

该新风预热墙是一种兼顾供暖和新风预热需求的太阳能墙体,由渗透型集热板、空气夹层、出风口、保温墙体等组成。通过人工气候室实验测试的方法,分析该太阳能墙系统在不同太阳辐射强度、开孔高度和集热板高度比例、抽吸速度以及渗透孔径等工况下各运行阶段集热板、出风口等热性能。结果表明:随着太阳辐射强度、开孔高度和集热板高度比例的增加,系统的热效率和新风温度显著提升,集热效率最高达到75%,最高温升约为15.0℃;并根据风温和风量需求,给出合理的风机抽吸速度和渗透孔径取值,可为太阳能墙体的实际应用提供依据。     

基于平板热管的太阳能-空气能双源集热蒸发器性能实验研究

设计一种基于平板热管的太阳能-空气能双源集热蒸发器及由其组成的新型直膨式热泵系统,并对其进行实验研究与分析。实验测试平板热管在制冷剂低温取热条件下的均温性与导热性能,热泵运行工况下集热蒸发器表面温度分布、光电光热性能,以及在不同天气条件不同运行模式下热泵系统性能。结果表明,平板热管在低温取热条件下当量导热系数可达6.8×10⁵W/(m·℃),集热蒸发器运行时纵向最大温差为3.9℃;在夏季晴朗天气条件下运行太阳能模式制热水时热泵平均COP为3.62;在低辐照阴天下运行太阳能-空气能双源模式与太阳能模式相比,单位面积集热功率提高18.8%,系统平均COP提高5.7%;在无辐照的夜晚,运行空气源模式系统COP为2.54。     

无盖板渗透型集热器热性能的对比试验

利用太阳能空气加热系统实验台,对黑、深绿和深蓝3种颜色无盖板渗透型集热器的热性能进行了户外瞬态对比试验。试验结果表明:太阳辐射照度和风量是影响系统热性能的重要因素。在高档和低档两种风量下,黑色集热器的瞬时平均热效率分别为76.04%和67.50%,高于普通平板太阳能空气集热器;集热器表面颜色对其热性能有一定影响,在高档和低档两种风量下,深绿色和深蓝色集热器的瞬时平均热效率比黑色集热器低15%～22%,空气温升低3～4℃,但仍然优于普通平板空气集热器。从保持建筑立面美观考虑,无盖板渗透型集热器的集热板可以采用颜色较深的彩色,不会对系统热性能造成较大影响。     

带有间隙的V形肋片对太阳能空气集热器的传热及流动特性的影响

在吸热板上增设带有间隙的V形肋片可以有效地提高平板型太阳能空气集热器的传热性能。运用数值模拟方法在Re为6000~18000内,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,对带有间隙的V形肋片的相对肋宽比及间隙位置对集热器换热性能的影响进行了计算研究,分析了流场结构对传热的影响。结果表明:采用带有间隙的V形肋片可以引发通过间隙的二次流,从而破坏间隙下游处的热边界层,提高该处的局部Nu数。当间隙位置为d1/(w/2)=0.33,d2/(w/2)=0.33,相对肋宽比为W/w=5时,集热器具有较好的传热性能。     

开放式热管中温太阳能空气集热装置的试验研究

设计一种使用简化CPC(非追踪式复合抛物线聚光板)集热板和新型开放式热管组合的全真空玻璃集热管中温太阳能空气集热装置。每个集热单元包括一个简化CPC集热板,一根全真空玻璃集热管,在玻璃集热管内安装一个铜管和外部的一个蒸汽包连接构成一个开放式热管结构。蒸汽包内安装螺旋换热管加热通过换热管的流动空气工质。分别使用水和CuO纳米流体作为热管工质,以空气作为集热工质,对热管式中温空气集热器的传热特性进行了实验研究。分析了不同工作压力、不同工质及纳米流体质量分数对热管集热传热特性的影响,详细比较了热管水工质和纳米流体工质在集热传热性能上的优劣。试验结果表明:本系统只使用2根玻璃集热管构成集热器,空气最大出口温度在夏天可达到200℃,在冬天可接近160℃,系统平均集热效率达到0.4以上,整个系统表现了良好的中温集热特性。以纳米流体为工质的热管热阻比以水为工质时平均降低了20%左右     

太阳能空气集热建筑模块的运行控制策略

该研究利用可调控的风机和风门,对两种类型集热模块的热输送过程进行了优化实验研究,系统探讨了在供热模式下空气循环方式、模块类型以及质量流率等因素对模块内部空气升温速度、供热量及集热效率等的影响,并提出集热模块运行控制的基本策略。同时通过对模块的简化计算模型进行理论分析,提出了集热模块的运行控制参数方程,为实现模块运行的优化控制提供理论依据。     

CFD analysis of the thermal losses on the upper part of a flat solar collector

To investigate the reduction of heat losses on the upper part of a flat solar collector, a two‐dimensional study was carried out by CFD analysis using Fluent. For this purpose, the heat transfer behavior in the air gap over a wide range of thicknesses of the latter (1‐20 mm) and the addition of a second glass cover fixed at midheight of the air gap spacing have been investigated. For small thicknesses of the air gap (1‐8 mm), the heat transfer is essentially conductive. An increase in the thickness leads to the intensification of the natural convection which induces high thermal losses. The simulation results have shown that the addition of a second cover glazing leads to the weakening of the natural convection and thus to an average enhancement of the solar collector temperature over the range of thicknesses studied of approximately 17%. The overall thermal losses coefficient is then reduced by an average of 26% compared with the single‐glazed solar collector. They have also shown that the thickness of the air gaps resulting in the minimum overall heat losses is 8 mm and that the thickness of the second glass cover has no significant effect on these results. In addition, this study has highlighted the importance of taking into account the radiation heat transfer in establishing the thermal balance of a flat solar collector. Indeed, this consideration leads to an average decrease of the absorber temperature of about 30%.     

全玻璃真空管太阳能空气集热器热性能试验方法研究

全玻璃真空管空气集热器是一种热损较小的太阳能空气加热装置,该文对该类集热器热评价方法进行了研究,并对集热器的时间常数,热延迟常数,角系数修正因子及瞬时热效率的实验方法进行了初步的实验研究,研究表明,用热延迟常数比时间常数能更好地反映真空管集热器的性性能,真空管集热器的角系修正因子在垂直入射时最小。     

非晶硅太阳能光伏/光热空气集热器性能对比实验研究

文章设计了新型非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器,该空气集热器能够解决传统太阳能PV/T热水器在高温波动情况下,晶硅电池热应力大的问题,同时避免了冬季管道发生霜冻的现象。文章通过实验对比,分析了非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器、单独非晶硅光伏电池和传统太阳能空气集热器的能量效率和[火用]效率的差异。分析结果表明:非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器的平均热效率为45.70%,比传统太阳能空气集热器的平均热效率降低了约25.88%;当空气质量流量增大至0.048 kg/s时,非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器中的非晶硅光伏电池的平均电效率高于单独非晶硅光伏电池,它们的平均电效率分别为4.70%,4.54%;非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器的总[火用]效率高于传统太阳能空气集热器的热[火用]效率和单独非晶硅光伏电池的电[火用]效率,非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器总[火用]效率最大值为7.14%。文章的分析结果为非晶硅太阳能PV/T空气集热器的推广提供了参考。     

多功能太阳能采暖集热器研究

本研究设计了一种可转换冬季与夏季功能的太阳空气集热器,该集热器的集热板为一组叶片,叶片由传动装置联接在一起,吸热板叶片可以转动,并且能够跟踪太阳能运行,最大限度吸收太阳辐射。吸热板背面涂以热反射涂层,夏季叶片翻转180,°反射红外辐射隔热降温。文章分析了影响太阳空气集热器的瞬时集热效率的各种因素,并对其热性能进行了试验。     

Energetic performance evaluation of a corrugated channel solar air heater: Experimental investigation,mathematical modeling,and solution procedure

The cost of manufacturing and electricity consumption are key considerations in encouraging the adoption of solar air heaters (SAH) in sunny and low-income areas. These parameters can have a significant impact on promoting the use of these devices. In this study, solar air heating was designed with the objective of achieving the highest possible efficiency/cost ratio. It is a corrugated channel SAH whose structure is equipped with two barriers perforated with a sufficient number of holes for a good airflow distribution. A new model was developed to evaluate the qualitative parameters that describe the thermos-energetic behavior of a heating system. These parameters were measured using experimental data obtained under real operating conditions. The thermal model assumes a uniform temperature for the glass, absorber, and insulation of the collector, while the temperature of the circulating air is assumed to vary linearly along the collector. To ensure that these assumptions were valid, the collector was cut into a number of 0.1 m sections in the direction of flow. By comparing the numerical results with the experimental data, the model was validated and then used to calculate the temperature profiles of the different elements of the collector, as well as to estimate the impact of certain operational parameters on its thermal performance. Relative percentage error values, between the numerical and the experimental results, of 1.7517%, 1.0750%, 0.8577%, 2.2371%, and 2.3637% for absorber plate temperature, outlet airflow temperature, useful power, thermal, and effective efficiencies, respectively, are recorded.     

Performance analysis of direct solar dryer driven by photovoltaic thermal energy recovery and solar air collector for drying materials and electricity generation

The direct-type solar dryer is characterized by very simple construction, less maintenance, cost-effectiveness, and is easy to handle. The present study aims to enhance the performance of a direct-type solar dryer. To achieve this, the photovoltaic (PV) panels with thermal energy recovery and solar air collector were integrated with the direct-type solar dryer. In this study, the PV panels with thermal energy recovery and solar air collector were utilized as preheating units to raise the air temperature before entering the direct solar dryer. Moreover, the PV panels were utilized to drive the air blower. In this study, three incorporated models are suggested to study the performance of the solar dryer integrated with PV panels with thermal energy recovery and solar air collector. The model of each component was validated by the previously recorded empirical data. The results confirmed that the dual utilization of the PV panels with thermal energy recovery and solar air collector as a preheating unit raised the air temperature entering the direct solar dryer by the rate varying between 29°C and 42°C within the period 9:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m. Also, the moisture content of banana samples inside the direct solar dryer reduced from the initial value of 72% (wb) to the value of 33.4% (wb) within 7 h (9:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m.). During this operating period, moisture removal from the banana samples varied between 110 and 400 g/h.     

不同地区住宅能耗与太阳能吸收式空调系统匹配性分析与模拟研究

为了满足农村住宅清洁用能的需求,多种形式的能源系统逐渐开始应用于广大的农村地区。随着太阳能集热器集热效率的提高,热驱动机组各项性能不断改善,这样有利于太阳能吸收式空调系统在农村地区的应用。为了研究太阳能吸收式空调系统与农村住宅全年能耗的匹配问题,文章首先建立了DeST住宅模型,然后利用TRNSYS软件建立了太阳能吸收式空调系统模型,最后根据模拟结果对国内不同气候区内农村住宅供热季、供冷季的平均热负荷值,以及全年的能耗进行分析。此外,文章还分析了典型日太阳能吸收式空调系统的运行策略与效果。分析结果表明:在无辅助热源的条件下,太阳能集热器的集热温度会大于80℃,满足空调机组的热驱动温度,因此可以作为太阳能吸收式空调系统的的热源;当启动温度为85℃时,空调机组的制冷量可以达到8 kW,性能系数COP为0.733。