“新型旅游”视角下的乡村旅游发展策略探讨——以福州市周边乡村为例

基于对Poon的“新型旅游”概念及其形成背景和特征的归纳和总结,认为“新型旅游”具有体验性强、组织灵活、信息化程度高、形式新颖等特点.以此为基础,结合福州市周边乡村旅游发展的实际,提出了产品设计特色化、灵活化、环保化、体验化等产品开发原则,文章认为福州市乡村旅游发展可采取蓝色之旅、绿色之旅、农桑之旅和人文之旅等四大策略.     

小尺度环境地形相对高度认知及影响因素——以南京大学浦口校区为例

地形认知虽然是探讨人地互动的重要命题, 但目前研究甚少。本文选取南大浦口校园 为案例地, 在实验设计基础上, 采用非概率和分层比例抽样, 使用问卷调查和深度访谈的数 据收集方法, 历时两年, 共访谈调查了644名被试, 并运用定性与定量数据分析方法, 得出 小尺度环境地形认知一致性、参照体系特征、个体日常环境对认知的影响性等特点, 具体结 论如下:(1)认知一致性:被试在地形相对高度的认知方式与状况、地形特征点的辨识方面 具有较高一致性;且认知偏误率在空间上呈现一定的分布规律。(2)参照体系特征:被试使 用的环境参照物附近的地形多呈凹陷状且地势较低、空间临近特征显着, 并且它们多是被试 熟悉, 视觉通达性较好, 到访率较高的场所。(3)个体日常环境对认知的影响性:地形特征 的辨识及其相对高度认知受地理环境、认知、行为、情绪和态度等多方面因素影响, 其中决 定性因素是个体的日常生活环境。     

历史舆图与现代空间信息技术在大运河遗产判别中的运用——以大运河明清清口枢纽为例

对运河遗产进行判别与登录,是大运河遗产保护的基础性工作。对运河遗产基本特征与演变规律的揭示,则是深入认识运河遗产的根本要求。历史舆图直观地反映了古代运河及其沿河的自然环境与人文景观,对研究各历史时期的运河具有重要的参考价值。但由于历史时代的限制,历史舆图在表达位置、距离、形状等地理空间要素时准确性较差,给大运河遗产的判别工作带来了困难。历史舆图与现代空间信息技术结合是解决这一问题的重要途径。通过"舆图新绘"的方式对区域时空演变过程进行复原,从而直观地揭示出运河遗产的本质特征与演变规律,为运河遗产判别提供依据。并且,同步集成的历史地理信息与现状遗存信息数据库也为运河遗产的评估、保护与管理等后续工作提供了坚实的工作平台与数据基础。     

A Local Example of Land‐Use Change: Southern Illinois—1807, 1938, and 1993*

This article provides an analysis of a wetland site in southern Illinois from presettlement to the present. The study area is part of the Cache River‐Cypress Creek Wetland, which has international importance, as recognized by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Land‐cover data for 1807, 1938, and 1993 were created and analyzed with a geographic information system (GIS). Land‐use change by topographic setting (uplands, transitional, and bottomlands) and soil productivity was quantified and studied. Interviews with local experts informed this analysis. Results illustrate the complexity of environmental change and its driving forces. First, notable forest and swamp acreage was converted to cropland between 1807 and 1938 and, to a lesser degree, from 1938 to 1993. Second, there were land‐use variations by topographic region. Between 1807 and 1938, the largest transformation occurred in the uplands, with substantial acreage converted from forest to cropland. Between 1938 and 1993, however, agriculture decreased in the upland areas as hilly areas reverted to forest cover. At the same time, agriculture expanded in the bottomlands as this land was drained for farming. Third, there are interesting patterns within these categories of land‐use change, as soil productivity is an indicator of what lands were taken out of cropland and converted back to grassland and forest.     

A Geography of Children's Vulnerability: Gender,Household Resources,and Water‐Related Disease Hazard in Northern Pakistan*

Water‐related diseases continue to pose major threats to children's survival and well‐being in many places in the developing world. This article develops a theoretical perspective on the ways in which children's vulnerability to water‐related disease hazard is produced within the everyday circumstances of livelihood and child care. Central to this analysis is the role that household resources play in mediating or shaping particular microenvironments of health risk. Further, the effects of local geographies of gender on how household resources are accessed and on how child care is structured are examined. Children's vulnerability is evaluated in a community in the District of Gilgit in northern Pakistan, a region presently undergoing tremendous social and economic transformation. The case study highlights household‐level response and adaptation to child health risks associated with diarrheal disease transmission and infection in this mountain environment. The case study draws from ethnographic fieldwork involving qualitative household microstudies and interviewing to elicit mothers' resource and risk‐response strategies in the context of changes in livelihood systems and household dynamics.