小剂量顺式阿曲库铵复合依托咪酯或丙泊酚用于小儿气管异物取出术的比较

丙泊酚或依托咪酯脂肪乳剂联合舒芬太尼静脉全麻结合高频喷射通气行小儿支气管镜检查及异物取出术,临床效果满意。但呛咳、屏气等情况仍常发生,增加进镜及取异物难度,且易发生缺氧、气道损伤。本研究以小剂量顺式阿曲库铵复合依托咪酯脂肪乳剂或丙泊酚用于小儿气管异物取出术,并比较两者的麻醉效果,现报道如下。     

七氟醚复合芬太尼 顺式阿曲库铵在婴幼儿气管插管中的应用

<正>众所周知,婴幼儿的氧备能力较低,对气管插管期间无通气时间的耐受能力低于成人,因此需要快速安全的麻醉诱导且娴熟的气管插管技术,以尽可能缩短无通气时间。本院将七氟醚复合芬太尼、顺式阿曲库胺应用于2岁以下婴幼儿气管插管中取得了满意的临床效果,现报告如下。1资料与方法     

七氟醚在小儿气管异物取出术中的应用

目的观察七氟醚吸入麻醉在小儿气管异物取出术中的麻醉效果     

阿曲库铵在小儿气管异物取出术中的应用

目的观察小剂量阿曲库铵控制呼吸在小儿气管异物取出术中的应用;方法取我科2001年至2012年,1-8岁行气管异物取出术患儿共60例分两组,I组30例使用阿曲库铵加丙泊酚麻醉,II组30例使用氯胺酮＋γ-羟丁酸钠麻醉,分别统计记录两组的手术时间,麻醉恢复时间及麻醉的满意度;结果I组：麻醉时间短、麻醉满意度高、且苏醒时间快;结论小剂量阿曲库铵复合丙泊酚控制呼吸在小儿气管异物取出术是一种可取的麻醉方法。     

不同剂量顺式苯磺酸阿曲库铵与呼吸机辅助用于小儿气管异物取出术麻醉处理的效果

目的 探讨不同剂量顺式苯磺酸阿曲库铵与呼吸机辅助用于小儿气管异物取出术麻醉处理的效果.方法 选择收治的132例行气管异物取出术治疗的患儿,随机分为A、B、C、D四组,各33例.所有患儿入室后均给予8％ 七氟烷诱导,静脉缓推0.01 mg·kg-1咪达唑仑、2 mg·kg-1丙泊酚、0.2μg·kg-1舒芬太尼.在此基础上,A、B、C组诱导麻醉时分别给予0.15、0.2、0.3 mg·kg-1顺式苯磺酸阿曲库铵静脉泵入,D组给予静脉泵入0.15 mg·kg-1生理盐水,均以呼吸机辅助呼吸并以静脉泵入10 mg·kg-1·h-1丙泊酚,七氟烷持续吸入维持.待脑电双频指数(BIS值)降至40左右时,置入硬性支气管镜,SICU室监测体征后转入普通病房.比较四组患儿置镜满意率、不同时间点各体征指标变化情况、恢复时间、术中不良反应发生率,同时观察A、B、C三组不同时点肌松程度.结果 A、B、C三组置管满意率组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),以上三组与D组比较满意率均显著较高(P<0.05);四组血氧饱和度(SpO2)、心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)组内各时点及组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);A、B、C三组起效时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表现为剂量越高,起效时间越短,三组术中最低值、气管插管时、置入硬性支气管镜时第一个肌颤搐(T1)值及拔管时4个成串刺激(TOF)值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A→B→C→D组麻醉至气管插管时间、停药至自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间呈现递增趋势,A组患儿恢复情况最佳;C组术中不良反应发生率最低,但与A、B组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A、B、C组术中不良反应发生率均显著低于D组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 顺式苯磺酸阿曲库铵联合呼吸机辅助是一种小儿气管异物取出术麻醉的良好选择,小剂量顺式苯磺酸阿曲库铵可基本满足小儿气管异物取出术的肌松需要,可使恢复时间缩短,临床应用可行.     

七氟醚联合异丙酚在小儿气管异物取出术中的应用

目的观察七氟醚联合异丙酚静吸复合全麻下行小儿气管异物取出术的麻醉效果。方法46例拟施气管异物取出术的患儿随机分为2组:七氟醚组(S组),羟丁酸钠组(R组)。观察支气管镜置镜条件满意度;记录麻醉至手术开始时间、手术时间及麻醉苏醒时间;观察各项生命指标的变化及并发症的情况。结果两组都能够达到良好的置入喉镜满意度;七氟醚组苏醒时间短且苏醒效果佳,与羟丁酸钠组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组均无明显的并发症发生。结论在急诊小儿气管异物取出术中应用七氟醚及异丙酚麻醉,可以达到良好的麻醉效果,是一种安全有效的麻醉方法。     

七氟醚复合丙泊酚在小儿气道异物取出术中的麻醉效果

目的观察七氟醚复合丙泊酚在小儿气道异物取出术中的麻醉效果。方法选择符合美国麻醉学会制定的Ⅰ-Ⅱ级标准、年龄1—4岁、行气管异物取出术小儿60例,随机数字表法分为七氟醚组和氯胺酮组,每组30例。七氟醚组采用吸入七氟醚诱导麻醉,术中维持药物选用丙泊酚1．5mg／（kg·h）微泵持续注入。间断吸入七氟醚;氯胺酮组静脉注射咪达唑仑0．1mg／kg和氯胺酮1．5mg／kg诱导麻醉,术中麻醉深度不足时分次静脉注射氯胺酮1．5mg／kg至麻醉满意。记录诱导前（T0）、麻醉诱导后术前1min（T2）、插入支气管镜时（T2）、拔支气管镜时（T3）、清醒时（T4）血压、心率及血氧饱和度。记录手术时间、苏醒时间和术中医生满意度,观察术中和术后患儿是否有支气管痉挛、呕吐、呼吸道梗阻、舌后坠等并发症。结果2组患儿T2时收缩压、心率较T0时明显升高。七氟醚组患儿T1时收缩压、心率较T0时明显降低;2组患儿血氧饱和度T1-T4各时段均较T0时明显升高;七氟醚组患儿苏醒时间显著快于氯胺酮组;七氟醚组患儿医生满意度较氯胺酮组高;术后氯胺酮组患儿舌后坠发生率明显高于七氟醚组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。2组患儿T0～T4各时段舒张压、血氧饱和度差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论七氟醚复合丙泊酚在小儿气道异物取出术中能提供良好的手术条件,术中麻醉平稳,术后患儿苏醒快且苏醒质量较高。     

七氟醚吸入全麻在小儿气管异物取出术中的临床应用

目的:观察小儿气管异物取出术中吸入七氟醚的效果.方法:40例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级1～2岁患儿均行七氟醚吸人全麻.监测氧饱和度(SpO2)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR),观察患儿吸入七氟醚后的镇静、肌松程度和麻醉诱导、维持期、苏醒期的精神反应情况.结果:七氟醚吸入全麻在小儿气管异物取出术中,对氧饱和度基本无明显影响,诱导及术中心率稍快,镇静、肌松程度良好,诱导期患儿较平静,术中血流动力学较平稳,术后苏醒快、质量较高.结论:七氟醚吸入全麻药,可产生良好的镇静、肌松作用,喉痉挛、呼吸抑制等并发症发生率低,可减少麻醉诱导、维持期、苏醒期的精神反应,适用于小儿气管异物取出术,效果满意,安全可靠.     

七氟醚在小儿气管异物取出术麻醉中的临床研究

目的分析并评价七氟醚在小儿气管异物取出术中的麻醉效果。方法对我院自2008年1月至2010年12月期间收治的36例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级气管吸入异物患儿实施气管异物取出术,术前采用七氟醚吸入进行全麻。结果本组全部36例患儿呼吸道异物均被成功取出。患儿在诱导期的意识消失速度较快,仅1例患儿出现哭闹现象,并有少量的呼吸道分泌物;患儿从吸入七氟醚直到入睡平均用时(1.17±0.37)min;术中HR与RR略有增加,SpO2与PETCO2未见显著变化,肌松程度及镇静效果理想,插入支气管镜过程顺利,全部36例患儿均一次性完成手术,用时5～15min,术后患儿停药直到苏醒平均用时(3.50±0.61)min。结论七氟醚在小儿气管异物取出术中作为吸入全麻药,具有理想的镇静及肌松效果,麻醉效果安全可靠,可作为小儿气管异物取出术麻醉的首选方法。     

七氟醚复合丙泊酚在小儿气道异物取出术中的麻醉效果

Objective To observe the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane combined with propofol total general anaesthesia in children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal. Methods Sixty patients aged from 1 to 4 years admitted for tracheal foreign body removal were randomly divided into two groups : sevoflurane group (n = 30) and ketamine group (n = 30). In the sevoflurane group, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane and propofol [1.5 mg/(kg · h)] was administered continuously for anesthesia maintenance by micro-pump during operation. The ketamine group were pre-medicated with ketamine 6 mg/kg i. m for sedation, then an-aesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine 1.5 mg/kg i. v and was maintained with intravenous bolus of ketamine. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) ,heart rate(HR) and saturation of percutaneous oxygen(SPO2) were monitored in both groups before anaesthesia inducation (T0) , after anaesthesia inducation and before operation (T1), at the time point of bronchial endoscopy(T2) ,endoscope remoral (T3) ,con-sciousness recovery(T4). The operation condition was evaluated by surgeons, and the incidence of bronchial spasm, glossal drop, nausea and vomiting were recorded both during operation and after operation. Results The SBP and HR increased at the time point of bronchial endoscopy in two groups and decreased after anaesthesia inducation in aevoflurane group. The SPO2 increased in two group after anaesthesia inducation. Compared with ketamine group, the time of consciousness recovery was shorter markedly in sevoflurane group. The occurrence of postoperative glossal drop was higher in ketamine group. Conclusion Sevoflurane combined with propofol is safe and effective during general anaesthesia of children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal.     

七氟醚联合小剂量氯胺酮全麻在小儿眼科手术中的应用

目的研究七氟醚联合小剂量氯胺酮麻醉在小儿眼科手术中的效果。方法 50例年龄1～3岁择期行白内障手术的患儿,随机分为两组,七氟醚复合小剂量氯胺酮组(Ⅰ组)和氯胺酮组(Ⅱ组),观察两组诱导和苏醒时间,诱导时是否合作,喉痉挛、呕吐、术中体动和苏醒期躁动发生率。结果与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅰ组能较好接受诱导,诱导、苏醒时间短,术中体动及苏醒期躁动发生率低(P<0.05);两组呕吐和术中知晓发生率差异无统计学意义。结论七氟醚联合小剂量氯胺酮麻醉具有麻醉诱导、苏醒快,不良反应少,能较好地应用于小儿眼科手术。     

七氟醚复合丙泊酚在小儿气道异物取出术中的麻醉效果

Objective To observe the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane combined with propofol total general anaesthesia in children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal. Methods Sixty patients aged from 1 to 4 years admitted for tracheal foreign body removal were randomly divided into two groups : sevoflurane group (n = 30) and ketamine group (n = 30). In the sevoflurane group, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane and propofol [1.5 mg/(kg · h)] was administered continuously for anesthesia maintenance by micro-pump during operation. The ketamine group were pre-medicated with ketamine 6 mg/kg i. m for sedation, then an-aesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine 1.5 mg/kg i. v and was maintained with intravenous bolus of ketamine. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) ,heart rate(HR) and saturation of percutaneous oxygen(SPO2) were monitored in both groups before anaesthesia inducation (T0) , after anaesthesia inducation and before operation (T1), at the time point of bronchial endoscopy(T2) ,endoscope remoral (T3) ,con-sciousness recovery(T4). The operation condition was evaluated by surgeons, and the incidence of bronchial spasm, glossal drop, nausea and vomiting were recorded both during operation and after operation. Results The SBP and HR increased at the time point of bronchial endoscopy in two groups and decreased after anaesthesia inducation in aevoflurane group. The SPO2 increased in two group after anaesthesia inducation. Compared with ketamine group, the time of consciousness recovery was shorter markedly in sevoflurane group. The occurrence of postoperative glossal drop was higher in ketamine group. Conclusion Sevoflurane combined with propofol is safe and effective during general anaesthesia of children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal.     

七氟醚复合丙泊酚在小儿气道异物取出术中的麻醉效果

Objective To observe the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane combined with propofol total general anaesthesia in children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal. Methods Sixty patients aged from 1 to 4 years admitted for tracheal foreign body removal were randomly divided into two groups : sevoflurane group (n = 30) and ketamine group (n = 30). In the sevoflurane group, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane and propofol [1.5 mg/(kg · h)] was administered continuously for anesthesia maintenance by micro-pump during operation. The ketamine group were pre-medicated with ketamine 6 mg/kg i. m for sedation, then an-aesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine 1.5 mg/kg i. v and was maintained with intravenous bolus of ketamine. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) ,heart rate(HR) and saturation of percutaneous oxygen(SPO2) were monitored in both groups before anaesthesia inducation (T0) , after anaesthesia inducation and before operation (T1), at the time point of bronchial endoscopy(T2) ,endoscope remoral (T3) ,con-sciousness recovery(T4). The operation condition was evaluated by surgeons, and the incidence of bronchial spasm, glossal drop, nausea and vomiting were recorded both during operation and after operation. Results The SBP and HR increased at the time point of bronchial endoscopy in two groups and decreased after anaesthesia inducation in aevoflurane group. The SPO2 increased in two group after anaesthesia inducation. Compared with ketamine group, the time of consciousness recovery was shorter markedly in sevoflurane group. The occurrence of postoperative glossal drop was higher in ketamine group. Conclusion Sevoflurane combined with propofol is safe and effective during general anaesthesia of children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal.     

七氟醚复合丙泊酚在小儿气道异物取出术中的麻醉效果

Objective To observe the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane combined with propofol total general anaesthesia in children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal. Methods Sixty patients aged from 1 to 4 years admitted for tracheal foreign body removal were randomly divided into two groups : sevoflurane group (n = 30) and ketamine group (n = 30). In the sevoflurane group, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane and propofol [1.5 mg/(kg · h)] was administered continuously for anesthesia maintenance by micro-pump during operation. The ketamine group were pre-medicated with ketamine 6 mg/kg i. m for sedation, then an-aesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine 1.5 mg/kg i. v and was maintained with intravenous bolus of ketamine. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) ,heart rate(HR) and saturation of percutaneous oxygen(SPO2) were monitored in both groups before anaesthesia inducation (T0) , after anaesthesia inducation and before operation (T1), at the time point of bronchial endoscopy(T2) ,endoscope remoral (T3) ,con-sciousness recovery(T4). The operation condition was evaluated by surgeons, and the incidence of bronchial spasm, glossal drop, nausea and vomiting were recorded both during operation and after operation. Results The SBP and HR increased at the time point of bronchial endoscopy in two groups and decreased after anaesthesia inducation in aevoflurane group. The SPO2 increased in two group after anaesthesia inducation. Compared with ketamine group, the time of consciousness recovery was shorter markedly in sevoflurane group. The occurrence of postoperative glossal drop was higher in ketamine group. Conclusion Sevoflurane combined with propofol is safe and effective during general anaesthesia of children undergoing tracheal foreign body removal.     

病态肥胖患者术中使用顺苯磺阿曲库铵剂量依据体重标准的研究

目的观察顺式阿曲库铵用于肥胖患者的肌松作用。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级、BMI≥35 kg/m2择期行腹腔镜胃减容(sleeve)手术的患者20例,随机分为IBW组和TBW组。ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜胆总管探查、T管引流术、BMI 20~24 kg/m2的10例患者为对照组,IBW组按照理想体重、TBW组与对照组按照总体重分别给予0.15 mg/kg顺苯磺阿曲库铵,采用肌松监测仪进行拇内收肌肌松监测。采用静脉快速诱导麻醉、静脉复合笑气维持麻醉。记录肌松药的起效时间[肌松药注毕后到T1抑制达到90%的时间(TOF中T2消失时)]、肌松药的持续时间(T1消失到T1%恢复到对照25%的时间)及气管插管条件评级。结果 TBW组起效时间明显短于IBW组和对照组(P<0.05),IBW组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TBW组的持续时间长于对照组,IBW组的持续时间短于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),三组的插管条件比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论择期行胃束带减容术的病态肥胖患者采用丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼复合笑气麻醉,所需顺苯磺阿曲库铵的剂量应该按照IBW计算,虽然延长起效时间,但不影响插管条件和手术操作,同时缩短了肌松恢复时间,不会造成肌松残余,有很好的临床应用价值。     

半开放式吸入七氟烷复合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼在小儿气管异物取出术中的应用

目的 观察半开放式吸入七氟烷联合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼复合静脉麻醉在小儿气管异物取出术中的麻醉效果.方法 选择40名小儿气管异物行气管异物取出术的患者随机双盲法分为2组,Ⅰ组：半开放式吸入七氟烷联合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼复合静脉麻醉组,Ⅱ组：单纯丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼复合静脉麻醉组.手术中麻醉以吸入七氟烷4%复合异丙酚25 μg/（kg·min）和瑞芬太尼0.05 μg/（kg·min）微量泵持续注射来维持麻醉.记录各时间心率、脉搏血氧饱和度、呼吸次数.结果 T2,T3时Ⅰ组心率次数、呼吸次数、脉搏血氧饱和度下降与二组比较有明显差别（P＜0.05）,II组患者四肢动度、呛咳与I组比较有明显差别（P＜0.05）.结论 在小儿气管异物取出术中七氟烷吸入联合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼复合静脉麻醉是一种很好的麻醉方式.     

玻璃体切割术联合异物取出治疗眼球后段异物

目的：探讨玻璃体切割术联合异物取出治疗眼球后段异物的方法和效果。方法：对46例48眼眼球后段异物行玻璃体切割术联合异物取出。结果：48例眼眼球后段异物全部一次手术取出，术后41眼视力较术前提高，矫正视力低于0．05者由术前34眼减少为术后17眼。结论：玻璃体切割术联合异物取出是治疗眼球后段异物的最佳方法，尽早手术和防治视网 膜脱离是挽救患者视功能的关键。