Ti6Al4V微弧氧化TiO2/W复合膜的制备及摩擦学性能

目的提高Ti6Al4V合金的摩擦学性能。方法在硅酸盐-磷酸盐电解液中添加不同浓度的纳米W粉,利用微弧氧化技术在Ti6Al4V基体表面制备出氧化陶瓷膜。利用FE-SEM、EDS和XRD研究了在不同浓度W粉参与下的微弧氧化膜表截面微观形貌、元素分布及膜层相组成。通过旋转摩擦磨损试验评估了膜层的摩擦学性能。结果电解液中加入纳米W粉可以促进膜厚增长,尤其在含0.5～2 g/L纳米W粉时,膜厚呈近似线性增长;但W粉在膜层表面的附着会导致粗糙度的增大。在纳米W粉参与下,微弧氧化膜中除了锐钛矿、金红石和Al_2TiO_5相之外,W含量也随电解液中颗粒含量的增加而提高。在6 g/L纳米W粉复合下,微弧氧化膜的摩擦系数、比磨损率分别减小了约13.33%和3.53%。结论 W粉颗粒以机械啮合附着在氧化膜表面,部分颗粒随熔融氧化物包裹进入膜层并发现熔化迹象。W粉含量为6 g/L时,制备的氧化膜表面质量有所改善,即微孔和裂纹等有所减少,耐磨性较佳,摩擦系数和比磨损率较不含W粉的膜层均有所减小。     

氧化时间对Ti6Al4V微弧氧化膜结构及耐腐蚀性能的影响

在磷酸盐体系中采用恒压微弧氧化工艺对Ti6Al4V(TC4)合金进行微弧氧化,研究了不同氧化时间对微弧氧化膜层的表面形貌、硬度、粗糙度以及物相生成的影响,并对不同氧化时间的膜层耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明：随着微弧氧化时间的延长,氧化膜表面微孔径增大,膜层厚度与表面硬度值先增加后又降低,膜层由金红石、锐钛矿及钙磷化合物组成,且主晶相为钙磷化合物,金红石及钙磷化合物含量均随微弧氧化时间的延长而增加;微弧氧化膜层表面Ca/P摩尔比值为1.56,接近人体羟基磷灰石比值,O/Ti原子比值为2.0,膜层表面主要组成为TiO₂;微弧氧化膜层腐蚀电位逐渐减小,腐蚀电流逐渐增大。     

Ti6Al4V合金微弧氧化/Cr2O3复合膜的生长特征与摩擦学性能

在电解液中加入Cr2O3微粒,以共生沉积方式在Ti6Al4V表面制备微弧氧化/Cr2O3复合膜。利用SEM、XRD、EDS等研究复合膜的生长规律及Cr2O3微粒的沉积方式,通过摩擦试验分析不同生长阶段的复合膜的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:在0~30min内,复合膜呈近线性增长,之后生长速率明显变缓,膜层表面也出现了大块Cr2O3团聚体。复合膜主要由金红石TiO2、锐钛矿TiO2及Cr2O3相组成。随氧化时间的延长,锐钛矿TiO2逐渐减少,金红石TiO2含量先增加后趋于稳定,而Cr2O3的衍射峰一直增强,复合膜的耐磨性也先增后降;氧化20min时,复合膜的耐磨性最好,摩擦系数最小,仅为0.05~0.2。在微弧氧化过程中,Cr2O3微粒或直接吸附在熔融态的氧化膜表面,或被捕捉、锁定到氧化膜的表面微孔中;也有部分Cr2O3微粒被高温放电产生的熔融物裹覆并一起遇冷凝固到氧化膜中。     

超声处理对Ti6Al4V合金微弧氧化涂层结构和性能的影响

目的提高钛合金植入体的生物活性。方法采用Ti6Al4V合金在0.18 mol/L的Ca(CH_3COO)_2·H_2ONH_4H_2PO_4电解液体系中进行微弧氧化处理,并同时采用40 kHz和70 kHz的超声波分别对电解液进行超声振动处理。采用SEM、EDS、XRD技术分析超声辅助微弧氧化涂层的Ca/P比、相组成、表面形态和抗腐蚀性能。结果超声处理可降低微弧氧化起弧电压,处理时间5 min时降低了涂层的生长速度,而处理时间5 min时促进了涂层的生长。超声处理促进了阳极氧化速度,增加了等离子放电通道,降低了放电微孔直径,从而提高了疏松层的密度,促使疏松层和致密层界面处产生大量孔穴,涂层发生震碎和裂纹,并且增加了微弧氧化涂层的Ca/P比,促进了金红石相的生成,但对提高涂层耐蚀性效果不明显。结论超声处理改变了涂层成分、相含量及表面结构,且保持了涂层较好的耐蚀性,有利于提高涂层的生物活性。     

TiO2/Al2O3微弧氧化复合涂层的制备及耐磨性研究

本文主要利用微弧氧化方法在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备TiO2/Al2O3复合涂层,并揭示了O2-、AlO2-,和Ti4 在涂层生长过程中的作用机制。在高温高电压条件下,Ti-6Al-4V合金表面首先生成TiO2、Al2O3和Al2TiO5,不断放电引起的高热能导致Al2TiO5进一步分解成TiO2和Al2O3,且XRD分析表明涂层的物相组成主要是A-TiO2、R-TiO2和α-Al2O3。耐磨性测试结果表明,与基体相比TiO2/Al2O3复合涂层的显微硬度提高到1100HV,且耐磨性显著提高,磨损量降低了9.5倍。     

CuO/Al2O3微弧氧化复合膜层的制备及催化性能

采用电解液修饰法,利用微弧氧化技术直接在铝基体上制备CuO/Al2O3微弧氧化复合膜层,研究复合膜层表面元素的结合状态以及电参数对复合化膜层表面形貌和孔径的影响,探讨复合膜层对甲基橙溶液的催化降解作用。结果表明:利用微弧氧化技术可一步制备出CuO/A12O3复合膜层,且CuO晶格氧含量可达33.7%(质量分数);随着电压、占空比的增大和频率的减小,复合膜层表面微孔的孔径增加,孔数目减少,粗糙程度增加;复合膜层在常温常压下催化10 h可使甲基橙溶液降解率达到70%左右。     

Ti6Al4V表面电弧离子镀TiAlN涂层的高温防护性能

采用独立的高纯钛靶和铝靶，在TC4钛合金基材表面以电弧离子镀工艺沉积制备了TiAIN涂层。利用扫描电镜（SEM）对比分析了钛合金基体和涂层氧化前后的表面形貌，利用能谱仪（EDS）分析了氧化前后的表面成分变化，利用X射线衍射（XRD）分析了氧化前后的相结构。结果表明，TiAlN涂层表现出很好的高温稳定性能，显著改善了钛合金的高温抗氧化性。     

Ti6Al4V表面TiN/Ti复合膜的制备及摩擦学性能研究

采用直流磁控溅射法在Ti6Al4V表面制备TiN/Ti复合膜。分别用FESEM、GDEOS和XRD分析薄膜表面的成分及相结构;利用划痕仪分析膜基结合强度;通过球盘磨损机和轮廓仪测试磨痕形貌和磨损体积,评价膜层的摩擦学性能。结果表明,TiN/Ti复合膜表面致密光滑,呈金黄色金属光泽;膜基结合强度大于100 N;表面镀有TiN/Ti复合膜的Ti6Al4V合金虽没有减磨作用,但提高了耐磨性。     

脉冲频率及占空比对Ti6Al4V合金微弧氧化膜层微观结构及性能的影响

研究了脉冲频率及占空比对Ti6Al4V合金在Na₂SiO₃-Na(PO₄)₆电解液体系中制备的微弧氧化膜层微观结构及其性能的影响,采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、涂层厚度仪、激光共聚焦显微镜及显微硬度计对膜层形貌、元素分布、相组成、厚度、粗糙度及硬度进行测试表征。结果表明,Ti6Al4V合金微弧氧化膜层主要元素组成为Ti、O、Si等,物相组成主要为Rutile-TiO₂、Anatase-TiO₂及非晶相SiO₂,随脉冲频率增加,膜层中Anatase衍射峰强度先降低后增加,Rutile呈相反趋势;随脉冲占空比增大,Anatase衍射峰强度逐渐减小,而Rutile衍射峰强度逐渐增加。膜层表面均匀分布微米级孔洞,脉冲频率对膜层微观形貌及粗糙度影响较小,膜层厚度先增大后减小;随占空比增加,膜层快速增厚,但表面逐渐出现微裂纹及局部烧蚀等缺陷,膜层粗糙度大幅增加,600 Hz、20%占空比时膜层厚度达45.46μm,粗糙度R_a     

钛合金Ti6Al4V超声波焊接研究

结合超声波金属焊接方法的特性和钛合金的焊接性分析,得出超声波金属焊接方法极其适用于钛合金薄片的焊接;通过扫描电镜观察和撕裂试验,对Ti6Al4V钛合金在不同焊接工艺参数下的焊接接头的横断面形貌及其力学性能进行了分析.结果表明:随着焊接时间的增长(即焊接能量的增大)接头横断面的削减程度增大,焊接时间是焊件质量的决定性因素;在1144.53N的静压力下Ti6Al4V钛合金的最佳焊接时间为125ms,其界面结合强度最高.     

Al2O3/Ti生物相容连接接头微观组织及力学性能

文中对Al₂O₃陶瓷和金属Ti表面磁控溅射Mo和Ti金属层,以纯Au箔钎料,研究连接工艺及Ti金属化层厚度对连接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝主要由Au钎料和（Au,Mo） ss构成,（Au,Mo） ss中含有少量（Ti,Mo） ss和TixAuy金属间化合物.另外,在Al₂O₃/钎料界面处及焊缝中存在少量呈条状分布的TiO₂和Ti_xAl_y金属间化合物.连接工艺及Ti金属化层厚度主要影响各物相的数量及分布状态,通过影响焊缝中固溶体的分布均匀性及金属间化合物的数量而影响接头抗剪强度.当连接温度为1 080℃、保温时间为5 min、Ti金属化层厚度为0.2 μm时,接头的抗剪强度达到最大值138 MPa.     

Amorphous sol-gel SiO2 film for protection of Ti6Al4V alloy against high temperature oxidation

Amorphous SiO₂ thin films were deposited on Ti6Al4V alloy by sol-gel processing. Isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests of the coated and uncoated specimens were performed at 700 and 800 °C. The SiO₂ film exhibited beneficial effects on the oxidation resistance of the alloy. Titania scales formed on the uncoated specimens, and severe spallation and stratification of the scales were observed. The oxidation rates of the silica coated specimens were decreased significantly. The silica film shrunk to about a quarter in thickness, probably by mechanism of crystallization of silica and evaporation of the organic additments. The oxide scales formed on the coated specimens were multilayered. Beneath the silica film, formation of a thick rutile titania layer followed by a thin alumina layer occurred. Above the silica film, alumina plus minor titania layer formed. It is deduced therefore that the growth of the multilayered and mixed oxide scales was dominated by both outward diffusion of metal and inward diffusion of oxygen.     

国外多孔基体氧化铝/氧化铝复合材料工程应用进展

氧化铝/氧化铝复合材料(Al2O3/Al2O3)是20世纪90年代兴起的一类连续陶瓷纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料,已经发展为与SiC/SiC、C/SiC等非氧化物陶瓷基复合材料并列的一类陶瓷基复合材料。与非氧化物陶瓷基复合材料相比,Al2O3/Al2O3具有长时抗氧化、高温耐腐蚀、低成本等独特优势,已经在航空发动机、地面燃气轮机等军民两用热结构材料领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文从材料应用的角度出发,系统分析阐述了目前在Al2O3/Al2O3占主导地位的多孔基体Al2O3/Al2O3(P-Al2O3/Al2O3)的增韧机制、成型工艺和性能特点,重点归纳了国外近年来P-Al2O3/Al2O3的工程化应用进展及前景,最后指出了P-Al2O3/Al2O3存在的局限性并展望了未来发展方向,旨在为国内Al2O3/Al2O3体系发展提供借鉴和参考。     

Preparation, microstructure and properties of molybdenum alloys reinforced by in-situ Al2O3 particles

The conventional molybdenum alloys, lacking of hard particles enhancing wear property, have relative poor wear resistance though they are widely used in wear parts. To resolve the above question, Mo alloys reinforced by in-situ Al₂O₃ particles are developed using powder metallurgy method. The in-situ α-Al₂O₃ particles in molybdenum matrix are obtained by the decomposition of aluminum nitrate after liquid-solid incorporation of MoO₂ and Al(NO₃)₃ aqueous solution. The α-Al₂O₃ particles well bonded with molybdenum distribute evenly in matrix of Mo alloys, which refine grains of alloys and increase hardness of alloys. The absolute density of alloy increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of Al₂O₃ content, while the relative density rises continuously. The friction coefficient of alloy, fluctuating around 0.5, is slightly influenced by Al₂O₃. However, the wear resistance of alloy obviously affected by the Al₂O₃ particles rises remarkably with the increasing of Al₂O₃ content. The Al₂O₃ particles can efficiently resist micro-cutting to protect molybdenum matrix, and therefore enhances the wear resistance of Mo alloy.     

Strengthening and toughening forming of Al/Al2O3 composite in pseudo-semi-solid state

A new technology—thixo-die-forging of the composite in pseudo-semi-solid state was proposed based on the powder metallurgy technology combing with semi-solid metal process, and the cup shells with Al/Al₂O₃  composite was prepared successfully. The metallographic analysis and performance test show that the microstructure of parts is dense and mechanical properties are excellent with the volume fraction of Al is 37 %. The bend strength and fracture toughness of the composite are about 570-690 MPa and 8.5-16.8 MPa m^1/2, respectively. Comparing with reaction in situ and high temperature oxidation technologies the bending strength and fracture toughness are improved greatly. At the same time, it shows that the technology parameters have great influences on the properties. So it is feasible to prepare metal/ceramics composites by the proposed technology.     

BN/Al2O3 复合粉末及其聚合物基复合材料的制备与导热性能

采用固-液相共混法制备了多种BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,通过冻融法和表面修饰法对BN进行了改性处理,改变表面修饰剂类型和摩尔比得到了前驱体和烧结态BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,并利用机械混合法制备了聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料,并测试分析了其导热性能。结果表明,经冻融处理的BN分散性和界面相容性明显优于未经冻融处理的BN。多巴胺对BN的改性效果优于聚乙二醇。采用多巴胺作为表面修饰剂且BN与Al(NO₃)₃的摩尔比为1:1时,能够得到纳米Al₂O₃均匀包覆的微米BN粉末,即BN/Al₂O₃微纳复合粉末,其聚合物基复合材料的导热系数可达0.62 W·m^-1·K^-1,是纯聚合物导热系数的3倍,是采用纯微米BN粉末制备的聚合物基复合材料导热系数的1.5倍。在BN表面附着的Al₂O₃可以形成层状热传导通道,能够有效提高聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料的热导率。     

Electroless ternary Ni-W-P alloys containing micron size Al2O3 particles

In the present investigation electroless ternary NiWP-Al₂O₃ composite coatings were prepared using an electroless nickel bath. Second phase alumina particles (1 µm) were used to codeposit in the NiWP matrix. Nanocrystalline ternary NiWP alloys and composite coatings were obtained using an alkaline citrate based bath which was operated at pH 9 and temperature at 88 ± 2 °C. Mild steel was used as a substrate material and deposition was carried out for about 4 h to get a coating thickness of 25 ± 3 µm. Metallographic cross-sections were prepared to find out the coating thickness and also the uniform distribution of the aluminum oxide particles in NiWP matrix. Surface analysis carried out on both the coatings using scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that particle incorporation in ternary NiWP matrix has increased the nodularity of composite coatings compared to fine nodular NiWP deposits. Elemental analysis of energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) results showed that codeposited P and W elements in plain NiWP deposit were 13 and 1.2 wt.%, respectively. There was a decrease in P content from 13 to 10 wt.% with a marginal variation in the incorporated W (1.01 wt.%) due to the codeposition of aluminum oxide particles in NiWP matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies carried out on as-plated deposits showed that both the deposits are X-ray amorphous with a grain size of around 3 nm. Phase transformation studies carried out on both the coatings showed that composite coatings exhibited better thermal stability compared to plain NiWP deposits. From the XRD studies it was found that metastable phases such as NiP and Ni₅P₂ present in the composite coatings heat treated at major exothermic peak temperature. Annealed composite coatings at various temperatures revealed higher microhardness values compared to plain NiWP deposits.     

热氧化温度对Ti6Al4V耐磨性的影响

在873~1023 K保温10 h条件下对Ti6Al4V进行热氧化处理。采用X射线衍射仪,辉光光谱分析仪和光学显微镜分析热氧化层的特征。借助MFT-R4000往复式摩擦磨损试验机研究热氧化温度对Ti6Al4V耐磨性的影响。结果表明:Ti6Al4V表面的热氧化层均匀、连续;热氧化温度对氧化层的形成、表面硬度和耐磨性有显著影响;973 K获得的氧化层表面硬度最高,磨损失重最低,磨痕宽度最小,耐磨性能最好。