粗晶Mg-6.8Gd-4.5Y-1.1Nd-0.5Zr合金高温变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机研究粗晶Mg-6.8Gd-4.5Y-1.1Nd-0.5Zr镁合金在温度为623～803 K、应变速率为0.005～5 s-1条件下的高温变形行为。结果表明:流动应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加,在高温变形初始阶段,流动应力随应变的增加迅速增加,当应变超过一定值后,流变应力开始下降并逐渐趋于稳定,出现稳态流动特征;基于Arrhenius方程建立Mg-6.8Gd-4.5Y-1.1Nd-0.5Zr合金高温流变应力本构模型;在723 K、应变速率0.05 s-1条件下,显微组织出现大晶粒被细小晶粒包围的"项链"组织特征,局部晶粒交结处出现微裂纹与孔洞;根据实验结果,合金的热加工宜在773 K左右进行。     

Mg-11.8Gd-2.8Y-0.44Zr耐热镁合金热压缩变形行为研究

采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟机,对Mg-11.8Gd-2.8Y-0.44Zr耐热镁合金在温度为573～723 K,应变速率为0.001、0.010、0.100 s-1,应变量为60%的塑性变形行为以及热压缩后镁合金组织的变化进行了研究.分析了流变应力与应变速率和温度的关系.结果表明,合金的稳态流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,在恒应变速率条件下,合金的真应力水平随温度的升高而降低,根据试验分析,合金的热加工宜在623 K时进行.     

Mg-5Y-0.5Ce-0.5Zr合金的热压缩行为

在变形温度为300～450 oC、应变速率为0.01～1 s-1的条件下进行热压缩试验,对Mg-5Y-0.5Ce-0.5Zr镁合金的热变形行为进行了研究。结果表明,在热压缩变形过程中,该合金的流变应力随着变形温度和应变速率的变化而变化。在同一应变速率下,流变应力随着变形温度的增高而降低;在同一变形温度下,流变应力随着应变速率的减小而减小。该合金热压缩流变应力的本构方程可采用双曲正弦形式构建,热变形激活能Q为253 kJ/mol。     

Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.6Zr合金高温本构方程及加工图

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机,研究Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.6Zr合金在300℃~500℃、应变速率0.001s-1~1s-1时的高温流变行为,获得了合金的真应力-应变曲线。实验结果表明,随着温度上升、应变速率下降,合金的流变应力、峰值应力和峰值应变均减小。利用真应力-应变数据,进行数值拟合、回归计算,求得合金的热变形激活能Q为273.4kJ·mol-1,并建立该合金的流变应力本构模型,该模型结果与实验数据的最大误差小于5%。同时,根据动态材料模型,计算并得到了该合金在不同真应变下的热加工图,分析了其变化规律。并以真应变为0.7的热加工图为依据,结合材料的微观组织,确定了该合金的最佳变形工艺为480℃/0.01s-1。利用金相图解释了各失稳区的组织演变特点。     

Mg-8Li-2Al-1Zn合金的热变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机对Mg-8Li-2Al-1Zn合金进行热压缩实验,研究了变形温度为523~723 K、应变速率为0.01~10 s-1条件下的合金热变形行为,并建立了合金的流变应力本构方程及热加工图。结果表明:Mg-8Li-2Al-1Zn合金的流变曲线均属于动态再结晶型,流变应力随着温度升高(应变速率降低)而减小。显微组织的变化验证了动态回复和动态再结晶的发生。Mg-8Li-2Al-1Zn合金流变应力本构关系可以用双曲正弦函数和Z参数准确的描述,平均应力指数为4.62,平均热激活能为139.35 J/mol。根据建立的加工图,预测合金热变形的最佳工艺参数为:523~573 K,0.1~1 s-1。     

Mg-3.5Zn-0.6Y-0.5Zr合金高温压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟实验机,研究了Mg-3.5Zn-0.6Y-0.5Zr合金在变形温度为300~450℃、变形速率为0.002~1s-1及变形量为50%的条件下的高温压缩变形行为,分析了流变应力与应变速率、变形温度的关系,计算了高温变形时变形激活能和应力指数,建立了该合金的本构方程。结果表明:Mg-3.5Zn-0.6Y-0.5Zr合金在热变形过程中真应力随着温度的升高而降低,真应力随着应变速率的升高而升高。该合金的流动应力可以用双曲正弦函数来描述。     

Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金形变软化行为及本构方程建立

使用型号为Gleeble-3500的热压缩实验机进行热压缩实验,在实验中调控温度和应变速率,绘制流变应力曲线图并进行分析。对Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金在温度为360~480℃、应变速率为0.001~1 s^-1、并且热压缩试样的最大变形程度为60%条件下的形变软化现象进行了研究。经研究发现,Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金的形变软化行为主要受其在不同变形条件下的动态再结晶行为的影响。设定材料常数α、n、A和Q与应变构建影响关系,将应变考虑在内后,建立了Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金本构方程,其平均变形激活能为232.54 kJ·mol^-1。进行了误差检验,得到的峰值应力的实验值与计算值的平均相对误差的绝对值仅为5.5%,说明了建立的本构模型精度较高。     

生物医用镁锌钇钕合金热变形行为的研究

采用GLEEBLE 1500热模拟机对挤压Mg-2.3Zn-0.5Nd-0.4Y生物医用镁合金在温度为200~400℃、应变速率为0.001~0.100 s-1、最大变形程度为60%的条件下,进行压缩模拟实验研究,分析了实验合金在热变形时的流变行为。实验表明此合金是正的应变速率敏感材料。合金的峰值流变应力随应变速率的增大而增加,随温度的升高而降低;应力-应变曲线以动态再结晶软化机制为特征,热变形应力指数n为4.0035,变形激活能Q为108.04 kJ/mol,流变应力行为满足双曲正弦关系,本构方程为:??=A[sinh(ασ)]nexp[–Q/(RT)]=1.1498×107[sinh(0.0133σ)]4.0035exp[–108.04/(RT)],该本构关系模型的计算结果与实验值间相对误差小于10%,为确定该医用镁合金的后续热加工提供了理论依据。     

超细晶不锈钢/TiC复合材料的电化学腐蚀行为

采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机进行压缩试验,研究了Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金在变形温度250～450℃、应变速率0.001～10 s-1范围内的流变应力行为,采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建合金高温塑性变形的本构关系;并以热压缩试验为基础,建立并初步分析了Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金的DMM加工图.结果表明:Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金在热压缩过程中发生了明显的动态回复与动态再结晶,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随温度的升高而降低;流变应力的预测值与试验值较吻合;建立的加工图表明合金高温变形时存在2个失稳区域,而在温度325～425℃、应变速率0.01～0.365 s-1范围内出现1个非失稳区、功率耗散峰值区,该区域最适合Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金进行热加工.     

Mg-6Zn-1Mn镁合金的热压缩变形行为及加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机进行压缩试验,研究了Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金在变形温度250～450℃、应变速率0.001～10 s-1范围内的流变应力行为,采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建合金高温塑性变形的本构关系;并以热压缩试验为基础,建立并初步分析了Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金的DMM加工图。结果表明:Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金在热压缩过程中发生了明显的动态回复与动态再结晶,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随温度的升高而降低;流变应力的预测值与试验值较吻合;建立的加工图表明合金高温变形时存在2个失稳区域,而在温度325～425℃、应变速率0.01～0.365 s-1范围内出现1个非失稳区、功率耗散峰值区,该区域最适合Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金进行热加工。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.