斐豹蛱蝶线粒体基因组全序列的测定和分析(英文)

该研究对斐豹蛱蝶(Argyreus hyperbius)(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科)线粒体基因组全序列进行了测定和初步分析。结果表明:斐豹蛱蝶线粒体基因全序列全长为15156bp,包含13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA和2个rRNA基因以及1个非编码的A+T富集区,基因排列顺序与其它鳞翅目种类一致;线粒体全序列核苷酸组成和密码子使用显示出明显的A+T偏好(80.8%)和轻微的AT偏移(AT skew,?0.019)。基因组中共存在11个2～52bp不等的基因间隔区,总长96bp;以及14个1～8bp不等的基因重叠区,总长34bp。除COI以CGA作为起始密码子外,13个蛋白质编码基因中的其余12个基因是以ATN作为起始密码子。除COI和COII基因是以单独的一个T为终止密码子,其余11个蛋白质编码基因都是以TAA结尾的。除了缺少DHU臂的tRNASer(AGN),其余的tRNA基因都显示典型的三叶草结构。tRNA(AGN)和ND1之间的基因间隔区包含一个ATACTAA结构域,这个结构域在鳞翅目中是保守的。A+T富集区没有较大的多拷贝重复序列,但是包含一些微小重复结构:ATAGA结构域下游的20bp poly-T结构,ATTTA结构域后的(AT)9重复,以及位于tRNAMet上游的5bp poly-A结构等。这项研究所揭示的斐豹蛱蝶的线粒体基因组特征,不仅为认识蛱蝶科的遗传多样性贡献数据,而且对于该物种的保护生物学、群体遗传学、谱系地理及演化研究等具有重要意义。     

猫蛱蝶线粒体基因组全序列分析

采用PCR步移法对猫蛱蝶Timelaea maculata线粒体基因组全序列进行了测定和分析.分析结果表明:猫蛱蝶线粒体基因组全长15 178 bp,包括13个蛋白编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和一段长度为382 bp的A+T富含区,基因排列顺序与其它已知鳞翅目昆虫相同.猫蛱蝶线粒体基因组中存在很高的A+T含量(81.1％).13个蛋白编码基因中除CO Ⅰ以CGA作为起始密码外,其余蛋白质基因均以ATN作为起始密码子.COⅡ和ND4基因使用了不完全终止密码子T,其余基因均以典型的TAA、TAG为终止密码子.在所测得的22个tRNA基因中,除tRNAser(AGN)缺少DHU臂外,其余tRNA均能形成典型的三叶草结构.与其它多数鳞翅目昆虫一样,猫蛱蝶的A+T富含区中有一段由“ATAGAA”引导的保守的多聚T结构,长度为19 bp,并散在着一些长短不一的串联重复单元.     

柳紫闪蛱蝶线粒体基因组全序列及与相关蛱蝶类的比较分析(英文)

该文对柳紫闪蛱蝶Apaturailia(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科)的线粒体基因组全序列进行了测定,同时结合其它已知蛱蝶类的相应序列进行了比较分析。结果显示:柳紫闪蛱蝶的线粒体基因组(GenBankaccessionno.:JF437925)是一个15242bp的环状DNA分子,包含13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因和22个tRNA基因。13个蛋白编码基因中,除了COI基因的起始密码子是CGA外,其余12个蛋白编码基因都具有标准的ATN起始密码子;柳紫闪蛱蝶与其它已测的10种蛱蝶在基因定位和排列顺序方面几乎相同,只是在非编码序列上存在细微的差异,其核苷酸的构成及密码子使用频率都处于鳞翅目昆虫的范围之内。22个的tRNA基因中,除了tRNASer(AGN)缺少DHU臂,其余的tRNA基因都显示为典型的三叶草结构。基因组共存在9处基因间重叠区(总长度为33bp)以及12个基因间隔区(总长为155bp,最长间隔是49bp,最短的是1bp)。在ND6和Cytb间的间隔区中还发现有(TA)23似微卫星结构。与其他蛱蝶类相似,403bp的AT富集区包含有ATAGA,ATTTA二个保守模块(一个21bp的poly-T,一个10bp的poly-A),以及二个似微卫星的重复结构((TA)10和(TA)7)。     

武铠蛱蝶线粒体基因组全序列测定和分析

【目的】了解闪蛱蝶亚科属间及种间的分子系统进化关系。【方法】采用PCR步移法对武铠蛱蝶 Chitoria ulupi 线粒体基因组全序列进行了测定和分析。基于线粒体基因组13个蛋白质编码基因的核苷酸序列构建了38种鳞翅目昆虫的系统发育树。【结果】分析结果表明,武铠蛱蝶线粒体基因组全长15 279 bp,包括13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和一段长度为391 bp的A+T富含区,基因排列顺序与其他已知近缘种昆虫相同。武铠蛱蝶线粒体基因组中存在很高的A+T含量（79.9％）。13个蛋白质编码基因中,COII以TTG作为起始密码子,COI以CGA作为起始密码子外,其余均为昆虫典型的起始密码子ATN。COII和ND4基因使用了不完全终止密码子T,其余基因均以典型的TAA为终止密码子。在所测得的22个tRNA基因中,除tRNA^Ser(AGN)缺少DHU臂外,其余tRNA均能形成典型的三叶草结构。与其他多数鳞翅目昆虫一样,武铠蛱蝶的A+T富含区中有一段由ATAGAA引导的保守的多聚T结构,长度为21 bp,并散布着一些长短不一的串联重复单元。系统发育树结果显示,总科级别的系统发育关系为：卷蛾总科＋（凤蝶总科＋（螟蛾总科＋(夜蛾总科＋蚕蛾总科＋尺蛾总科)））;在蛱蝶科物种中,武铠蛱蝶与猫蛱蝶Timelaea maculate 亲缘关系最近。【结论】基于分子标记构建的鳞翅目昆虫系统发育关系与传统的形态学分类结果基本一致。     

大紫蛱蝶线粒体基因组全序列分析

通过PCR步移法对大紫蛱蝶Sasakia charonda coreana线粒体基因组全序列进行了测定和分析。分析结果表明:大紫蛱蝶线粒体基因组全长15233bp,包括13个蛋白编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因以及长度为381bp的非编码区。A、T、C、G碱基含量分别为39.7%、40.2%、12.2%、7.9%。9个蛋白编码基因和14个tRNA基因在J链编码,其余4个蛋白编码基因和8个tRNA基因在N链编码,基因排列顺序与其它已知鳞翅目昆虫相同。13个蛋白编码基因中除COⅠ以CGA作为起始密码外,其余蛋白质基因均以ATN作为起始密码子,终止密码子多数为典型的TAA、TAG,只有COⅡ和ND4以单独的T作为终止密码子。在所测得的22个tRNA基因中,除tRNA Ser(AGN)缺少DHU臂外,其余tRNA均能形成典型的三叶草结构。与其它多数鳞翅目昆虫一样,大紫蛱蝶的非编码区序列中散在着一些长短不一的串联重复单元,在与其近缘物种非编码区的比较当中并未发现共同的保守序列区。     

丝带凤蝶线粒体基因组全序列及其系统学意义(英文)

锯凤蝶类与凤蝶科其他类群的系统发生关系及其分类学地位一直存在争议。本研究采用PCR和long PCR技术测定了属于锯凤蝶类的丝带凤蝶Sericinus montelus线粒体基因组全序列; 结合已有的其他凤蝶科物种的相应序列数据, 基于13个蛋白质编码基因重建了凤蝶科主要类群的系统发生树, 探讨了它们之间的系统发生关系。基因组分析结果表明： 丝带凤蝶线粒体基因组全长15 242 bp, 包括13个编码蛋白基因(ATP6, ATP8, COⅠ-Ⅲ, ND1-6, ND4L和Cytb)、 22个tRNA基因、 16S和12S rRNA基因以及非编码的控制区; 基因组A, T, G和C含量分别为40.1%, 40.8%, 7.4%和11.7%, 表现出明显的AT偏倚。所有的蛋白质编码基因都使用标准的起始密码子(ATN); 除ND4 和 ND4L基因使用单个的T作为终止密码子外, 其余蛋白编码基因都使用了标准的终止密码子(TAA)。除丝氨酸 tRNA的二氢尿苷突环缺失外, 所有tRNA基因都形成典型的三叶草型结构。基因组中共存在12个大小介于2~65 bp之间的基因间隔区以及15个大小介于1~8 bp之间的基因重叠区, 其中, 存在于COⅡ和tRNA^Lys之间的24 bp的间隔区在其他鳞翅目昆虫中未曾见到。以邻接法和最大简约法并基于13个蛋白质编码基因序列对凤蝶科进行了系统发生分析。结果显示, 丝带凤蝶和中华虎凤蝶Luehdorfia chinensis先构成一个支系, 再和冰清绢蝶Parnassius bremeri构成姊妹群; 表明锯凤蝶类应作为族级分类单元归于凤蝶科下的绢蝶亚科。     

大卫绢蛱蝶线粒体基因组全序列测定和分析

目前有关蝶类线粒体基因组全序列及其分子进化的研究报道还不多见。本文利用long PCR和引物步移法得到大卫绢蛱蝶Calinaga davidis的线粒体基因组全序列, 同时就其基因组成和结构特点作了初步分析。结果显示： 其基因组全长为15 267 bp (GenBank登录号为HQ658143), 包括13个蛋白质编码基因(ATP6, ATP8, COI-III, ND1-6, ND4L, Cytb)、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因(16S和12S)以及非编码的控制区。与其他鳞翅目昆虫相一致, 其基因组未出现基因重排现象。基因组共包含11个基因间隔区,总长度为130 bp, 间隔长度1~46 bp, 最大间隔在tRNA^Gln与ND2基因之间; 基因间共存在13处重叠, 总长度为66 bp, 重叠碱基数1~35 bp, 最长的重叠区位于COII与tRNA^Lys基因。lrRNA和srRNA基因长度分别为1 337 bp和773 bp; 除tRNA^Ser(AGN)缺少二氢尿嘧啶臂(DHU stem), 在相应的位置上只形成一个简单环外, 其余的tRNA基因都能形成典型的三叶草结构。13个蛋白编码基因总长度为11 247 bp, 共有3 737个密码子, 它们的碱基组成和密码子的使用具有明显的偏倚性; 除COI外(起始密码子TTG), 其余的12个蛋白质编码基因都以标准的ATN作为起始密码子; COI基因终止密码子为不完全T, ND4基因终止密码子为不完全TA, 其余基因都以TAA为终止密码子。A+T丰富区全长为389 bp, A+T含量高达92.0%, 其中存在2段类似微卫星的重复序列(TA)₆和(AAT)₄。本文的研究结果为探讨绢蛱蝶亚科在蛱蝶科中的系统学地位及其与其他亚科间的系统发生关系等问题提供了重要的分子生物学数据。     

利用线粒体COII基因序列对中国尾蛱蝶属系统分化的研究(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科)

利用线粒体C0II基因序列分析法,研究了我国尾蛱蝶属5种蝴蝶的系统分化.结果表明,在尾蛱蝶属5个种的12个样品中,405 bp长的COII片段有11.4%的位点为多态性位点,大部分的碱基改变是转换.各物种内不同个体间的差异明显小于不同物种间的差异,种内个体间的差异一般为0.5%～1.5%,各物种间的差异绝大多数在4%以上.利用最大似然性法构建的尾蛱蝶属聚类关系图显示,尾蛱蝶属蝴蝶分为两大分支,一支包括大二尾蛱蝶、二尾蛱蝶和忘忧尾蛱蝶,另外一个分支包括窄斑凤尾蛱蝶和黑凤尾蛱蝶聚在一起.在大二尾蛱蝶、二尾蛱蝶和忘忧尾蛱蝶这一分支中,大二尾蛱蝶和忘忧尾蛱蝶的亲缘关系较近,而二尾蛱蝶较远.这些分子系统学的结果均与形态学的结果相一致,是对形态分类的有力支持.     

线蛱蝶亚科蝶类部分类群线粒体COI基因的分子系统发生分析

以线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I（COI）基因作分子标记,对线蛱蝶亚科蝴蝶进行序列测定．序列分析的结果表明．经比对和处理后的序列总长度是645bp,其中有199个变异位点,147个简约信息位点;所编码的氨基酸序列中有18个变异位点,7个信息位点．A＋T平均含量为69．6％,G＋C平均含量为30．4％,碱基组成出现AT偏斜．以蛱蝶亚科及秀蛱蝶亚科物种为外类群,用NJ、MP及贝叶斯法重建了该亚科的系统发生树,探讨了它们主要类群间的系统发生关系．分子系统树显示,线蛱蝶亚科由以下3大支系：环蛱蝶族＋翠蛱蝶族、线蛱蝶族、丽蛱蝶族构成;其中,环蛱蝶族为单系群（NJ树也支持线蛱蝶族的单系性）;翠蛱蝶族与环蛱蝶族亲缘关系较近：丽蛱蝶族可能是该亚科较早分化出的一支．     

大壁虎线粒体基因组全序列及其结构(英文)

采用长PCR扩增、克隆和引物步行等方法,测定了大壁虎(Gekkogecko)线粒体基因组全序列。序列全长16435bp,共有13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因和22个tRNA基因。基因组的组成、顺序、编码链的选择、tRNA的结构、较低的碱基G含量、对碱基T的偏好以及GC和AT偏斜,都与大部分脊椎动物相同或相近。但有些特征揭示了壁虎类的原始性蛋白质编码基因密码子第3位表现为对碱基A的偏好,更接近两栖类和鱼类而不是羊膜动物;标准终止密码子(TAA)只出现于3个蛋白质编码基因中,比大部分脊椎动物少。tRNA基因核苷酸长度为63～76nt,除了tRNACys和tRNASer(AGY)缺少D臂,其余的二级结构均呈典型的三叶草状。     

Complete mitochondrial genome of the nerippe fritillary butterfly, Argynnis nerippe (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the nerippe fritillary butterfly, Argynnis nerippe, which is listed as an endangered species in Korea, is described with an emphasis on the A+T-rich region. The 15,140-bp long circular molecule consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region, known in insect as the A+T-rich region, as found in typical metazoans. The 329-bp long A+T-rich region located between srRNA and tRNA(Met) possessed the highest A/T content (95.7%) than any other region of the genome. Along with the several conserved sequences found typically in the lepidopteran insects the genome contained one tRNA(Met)-like and tRNA(Leu)(UUR)-like sequence in the A+T-rich region.     

The complete mitochondrial genome of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) and its phylogenetic implications

Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) is a typical small cold water fish, which is distributed widely and mainly inhabits in East Asia. Here, we sequenced and determined the complete mitochondrial genome of R. oxycephalus and studied its phylogenetic implication. R. oxycephalus mitogenome is 16,609 bp in length (GenBank accession no.: MH885043), and it contains 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two noncoding regions (the control region and the putative origin of light‐strand replication). 12 PCGs started with ATG, while COI used GTG as the start codon. The secondary structure of tRNA‐Ser (AGN) lacks the dihydrouracil (DHU) arm. The control region is 943bp in length, with a termination‐associated sequence, six conserved sequence blocks (CSB‐1, CSB‐2, CSB‐3, CSB‐D, CSB‐E, CSB‐F), and a repetitive sequence. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods based on the concatenated nucleotide sequence of 13 PCGs and the complete sequence without control region, and the result revealed that the relationship between R. oxycephalus and R. percnurus is closest, while the relationship with R. kumgangensis is farthest. The genus Rhynchocypris is revealed as a polyphyletic group, and R. kumgangensis had distant relationship with other Rhynchocypris species. In addition, COI and ND2 genes are considered as the fittest DNA barcoding gene in genus Rhynchocypris. This work provides additional molecular information for studying R. oxycephalus conservation genetics and evolutionary relationships.     

Complete mitochondrial genome of the darkling beetle Gonocephalum outreyi (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) with phylogenetic implications

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Gonocephalum outreyi was determined by using next-generation sequencing approach. The full length of this mitogenome is 15,836?bp, which consists of 37 typical metazoan mitochondrial genes with an identical genome organization to ancestral insects. The majority of the protein-coding genes begin with the codon ATN, except for cox1 and cox2 with AAT and AAA, respectively. To elucidate the phylogenetic position of G. outreyi, we used various sequence coding schemes for protein-coding genes and the combined nucleotide sequences of all mitochondrial genes for tree building under the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood inferences. The phylogenetic results consistently supported G. outreyi as a member of the family Tenebrionidae. The monophyly of both Tenebrionoidea and Tenebrionidae were strongly supported. The Scraptiidae and Melandryidae were recovered to be non-monophyletic in regards to the Osphya. Within Tenebrionidae, the subfamilies Diaperinae and Tenebrioninae were found to be non-monophyletic.     

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Catla catla and its phylogenetic consideration

Complete nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Catla catla (Ostariophysi: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) was determined in the present study. Its length is 16,594 bp and contains 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs and one non-coding control region. Most of the genes were encoded on the H-strand, while the ND6 and eight tRNA (Gln, Ala, Asn, Cys, Tyr, Ser (UCN), Glu and Pro) genes were encoded on the L-strand. The reading frames of two pair of genes overlapped: ATPase 8 with 6 and ND4L with ND4 by seven nucleotides each. The main non-coding region was 929 bp, with three conserved sequence blocks (CSB-I, CSB-II, and CSB-III) and an unusual simple sequence repeat, (TA)₇. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences were in favor of the traditional taxonomy of family Cyprinidae. In conclusion present mitogenome of Catla catla adds more information to our understanding of diversity and evolution of mitogenome in fishes.     

Complete mitochondrial genome of Neochauliodes parasparsus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) with phylogenetic consideration

We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Neochauliodes parasparsus. The 15,995-bp mitogenome contained the standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a putative control region, with a gene arrangement that was identical to that reported for most other megalopteran species. We also predicted the secondary structure of all the RNA genes and analysed the preferred codon usage of the protein-coding genes. The putative 1265-bp control region contained two tandem repeated regions and several microsatellite-like elements. The phylogenetic analysis of available neuropteridan mitogenomes, based on the 13 protein-coding genes, appeared to support the current view of the neuropteridan phylogeny, and among the Neochauliodes spp., N. parasparsus was the most closely related to N. punctatolosus.     

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Bonasa sewerzowi(Galliformes: Phasianidae) and phylogenetic analysis

Bonasa sewerzowi, the smallest and most southerly distributed grouse species in the world, is a bird endemic to China. The population of B. sewerzowi had shown a declining trend, which made it to be the endangered species in the China Red Data Book and Category I of nationally protected animals. So far, however, most studies about this species were mainly focused on the morphological and ecological aspects. In order to further study the feature of B. sewerzowi, the complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome) of B. sewerzowi was sequenced by Illumina Hiseq 2000 high-throughput sequencing. Then, we focused on comparative genomics of two Bonasa species to find their characteristics. Finally, phylogenetic position of Bonasa was made based on the mitogenome dataset. Our results revealed that:(1) the mitogenome of B. sewerzowi, consisting of 16 658 bp, displayed typical genome organization and gene order found in other previously determined Galliformes mitogenomes;(2) the structure and composition of mitogenomes were similar between B. sewerzowi and B. bonasia;(3) the monophyly of Bonasa was well supported, which had a closer phylogenetic relationship with Meleagris gallopavo.     

Complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Odontamblyopus rubicundus (Perciformes: Gobiidae): genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis

Odontamblyopus rubicundus is a species of gobiid fishes, inhabits muddy-bottomed coastal waters. In this paper, the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of O. rubicundus is reported. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence is 17119 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, a control region and an L-strand origin as in other teleosts. Most mitochondrial genes are encoded on H-strand except for ND6 and seven tRNA genes. Some overlaps occur in protein-coding genes and tRNAs ranging from 1 to 7 bp. The possibly nonfunctional L-strand origin folded into a typical stem-loop secondary structure and a conserved motif (5^′-GCCGG-3^′) was found at the base of the stem within the tRNA ^Cys gene. The TAS, CSB-2 and CSB-3 could be detected in the control region. However, in contrast to most of other fishes, the central conserved sequence block domain and the CSB-1 could not be recognized in O. rubicundus, which is consistent with Acanthogobius hasta (Gobiidae). In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on different sequences of species of Gobiidae and different methods showed that the classification of O. rubicundus into Odontamblyopus due to morphology is debatable.