创伤性脑损伤患者创伤后成长与创伤后应激障碍的调查研究

目的分析创伤性脑损伤（TBI）患者创伤后成长（PTG）与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的现况及其影响因素。 方法通过便利抽样的方法,选取首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科自2019年7月至2020年1月就诊的85例TBI患者为研究对象,使用创伤后成长评定量表（PTGI）、创伤后应激障碍量表平民版（PCL-C）调查TBI患者的PTG水平、PTSD情况,并进一步分析TBI患者PTG的影响因素。 结果TBI患者PTGI总分为（58.41±23.05）分,处于低水平。PCL-C得分为（36.18±16.52）分,PCL-C阳性症状检出率为41.2%。多元线性回归分析结果显示,文化程度、性格类型、社会支持、警觉性增高、创伤再体验是TBI患者PTG的影响因素。TBI患者文化水平低、外向型性格、社会支持水平越高其PTG水平越高。TBI事件后警觉性反应低者,PTG水平较高,创伤再体验症状促进PTG的发生。 结论TBI患者创伤后早期同时出现PTG及PTSD,通过调动患者个体内部因素及外在社会联系等方面积极因素,可能提高患者PTG水平。     

舟曲儿童创伤后应激障碍与家庭环境因素的关系分析

目的探讨创伤后应激障碍与家庭环境因素的关系,为创伤后应激障碍的治疗方向提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法用家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)和创伤后应激障碍17项筛查问卷(PCL-C)对舟曲县的596名学生和家长进行问卷调查,获得学生和家长有效问卷各554份。结果 PTSD筛查阳性组共33人,占总人数的6.0%;女生在PCL-C量表上的得分显著高于男生(P<0.01);男女生平均分在PTSD筛查阴性组存在极显著性差异(P<0.01),而在PTSD筛查阳性组不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);对家庭环境量表各因子做具体分析,发现PTSD筛查阴性组与PTSD筛查阳性组在组织性因子方面存在极显著性差异(P<0.01);PTSD筛查阴性组男女生在亲密性和组织性因子得分上存在显著性差异(P<0.05),而PTSD筛查阳性组男女生在各因子得分上均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论家庭环境因素中亲密性和组织性对儿童创伤后应激障碍有重要影响,教会家长如何增强家里的亲密性和组织性维度,可以有效预防和治疗PTSD。     

老年脑梗死患者创伤后成长与自我效能的相关性

目的观察老年脑梗死患者自我效能状况,并分析自我效能与创伤后成长(PTG)的关系,为提高脑梗死患者自我效能提供指导。方法选取2018-01—2020-03郑州市第九人民医院收治的83例老年脑梗死患者为研究对象,参照自我效能感量表(GSES)评估患者入院时自我效能状况并分组,采集并比较患者基线资料,采用PTG评定量表(PTGI)评估并分析患者PTG情况,分析PTG与老年脑梗死患者自我效能的关系。结果83例老年脑梗死患者经GSES量表评估,35例自我效能感低水平,占42.17%,48例自我效能感中高水平,占57.83%;低水平组患者疾病感知(IP)较差率、自我感受负担量表(SPBS)评分均高于中高水平组,且PTGI评分低于中高水平组(P<0.05)。经单项Logistic回归分析后建立多元回归模型,结果显示IP差、SPBS评分高、PTGI评分低是老年脑梗死患者自我效能水平低下的影响因素(OR>1,P<0.05),其中PTGI评分低带来的影响最为显著(OR=4.265),可能作为独立危险因素。相关性检验显示,老年脑梗死患者自我效能(GSES评分)与PTG(PTGI评分)呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05)。结论老年脑梗死患者普遍存在PTG水平低下的情况,可能受患者的自我效能感水平影响,临床应重视对老年脑梗死患者PTG的干预,以提高患者的自我效能。     

癌症相关创伤后应激障碍患者心率变异性研究

目的:探讨癌症相关创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者的心率变异性(HRV). 方法:采用临床用创伤后应激功能障碍诊断量表(CAPS)对150例癌症患者进行诊断性访谈,并分为PTSD组(37例)和非PTSD组(nPTSD组,30例);应用PTSD自评量表(PCL-C)对两组患者进行评估;采用生理相干与自主神经平衡系统对PTSD组、nPTSD组、健康对照(NC)组(30名)进行短时HRV检测,分析HRV指标与PTSD核心症状的相关性. 结果:与nPTSD组和NC组比较,PTSD组平静状态下R-R间期标准差(SDNN)和高频功率(HF)较显著下降,低频功率(LF)/HF显著升高(P均＜0.001);应激状态下PTSD组SDNN应激差值明显降低,HF和LF/HF应激差值显著增高(P均＜0.001);HRV指标与PTSD核心症状的严重程度显著相关(P均＜0.05). 结论:癌症相关PTSD患者自主神经功能紊乱,其核心症状的严重程度与自主神经功能紊乱显著相关.     

重型颅脑损伤病人创伤后应激障碍的风险因素分析

目的 探讨重型颅脑损伤病人并发创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年2月收治的110例重型颅脑损伤的临床资料。出院前采用PTSD自评量表（PTSD-SS）评估PTSD情况,总分≥50分表示存在PTSD。结果 110例PTSD-SS评分总分（49.64±7.29）分,其中≥50分52例（47.27%）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性、低龄、家庭人均月收入低、非亲属照顾、无经济赔偿、合并颅内感染为重型颅脑损伤并发PTSD的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。根据多因素logistic回归分析结果构建PTSD列线图显示一致性指数为0.886,预测PTSD具有较高的应用价值。结论 重症颅脑损伤病人并发PTSD的风险较高,女性、年轻病人、收入低、非亲属照顾、无经济赔偿、合并颅内感染等因素会增加PTSD发生风险,临床应密切关注,识别PTSD风险因素,并给予有效的防治措施降低PTSD发生率。     

创伤性颅脑损伤伴胫骨骨折患者反刍性沉思与创伤后成长的相关性

目的观察创伤性颅脑损伤(TBI)伴胫骨骨折患者创伤后成长(PTG)水平,分析患者反刍性沉思与PTG的关系。方法选取郑州市第九人民医院2019-04—2020-07收治的81例TBI伴胫骨骨折患者为研究对象,采用创伤后成长量表(PTGI)评估患者PTG水平并分组;设计基线资料调查问卷,采集患者基线资料,比较反刍性沉思情况[采用事件相关反刍性沉思问卷(ERRI)评估],分析TBI伴胫骨骨折患者反刍性沉思与PTG的关系。结果81例TBI伴胫骨骨折患者中32例(39.51%)PTG水平低下;PTG水平低下组文化程度、社会支持度评分、反刍性沉思倾向评分均低于PTG水平正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间其他资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经二元回归分析后建立多元回归模型行多元回归分析,结果显示文化程度低、社会支持度低、反刍性沉思倾向低均是TBI伴胫骨骨折患者PTG水平低下的影响因素(OR>1,P<0.05),其中反刍性沉思倾向低带来的影响最为显著,可能作为独立危险因素;相关性分析显示,TBI伴胫骨骨折患者反刍性沉思与PTG水平呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05)。结论TBI伴胫骨骨折患者的PTG水平普遍低下,可能受反刍性沉思倾向影响,临床应重视TBI伴胫骨骨折患者PTG水平的监测观察,并早期予以反刍性沉思倾向低的患者针对性干预,可能对提高患者PTG水平有积极意义。     

舟曲灾后1年消防官兵的创伤后应激症状及相关因素

目的 了解灾后救援人员的创伤后应激症状及其相关因素.方法 整群随机抽取1 年前参与舟曲泥石流救灾的某地消防官兵350 人,用创伤后应激症状问卷(posttraumatic stress disorder check-List,PCL)、艾森克人格问卷简式量表(eysenck personality questionnaire short scale,EPQ-R)、领悟社会支持量表(perceivedsocial support scale,PSSS)评估创伤后应激症状及其相关因素.结果 PCL 总分高于分界值(50 分)的有11 人,占总人数的3.2%,提示可能有PTSD.服役年限＜ 2 年组(n ＝ 162)、救灾次数＜ 50 次组(n ＝ 143)的PCL 总分及其闯入性症状、回避症状、高警觉状态分量表分均较高(P ＜ 0.05 或者P ＜ 0.01);多元回归分析表明,神经质(Neuroticism,N)量表得分、社会支持PSSS 总分、服役年限、救灾次数、外向-内向(Extraversion,E)量表得分、精神质(Psychoticism,P)量表得分别进入回归方程,可以解释创伤后应激症状总分总变异量的58.6%.结论 在执行救灾任务1 年后,救灾官兵创伤后应激症状阳性率较低;服役年限较短、救灾次数较少、领悟支持较少和神经质人格的官兵应是心理服务关注的重点对象.     

老年患者体外循环心脏手术后创伤后应激障碍的危险因素

目的 老年患者接受体外循环心脏手术术后出现创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的危险因素.方法 选择2019年5月～2020年5月我院150例老年心脏疾病患者为研究对象,均采用体外循环心脏手术治疗,采用PTSD筛查量表-居民版(PCL-C)进行PTSD筛查,根据结果设为PTSD组与非PTSD组,对两组患者年龄、性别、心脏功能等资...     

创伤后应激障碍同型半胱氨酸水平

目的:探讨创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者早期的同型半胱氨酸水平.方法:汶川地震3个月后,对660例抗震志愿者进行PYSD问卷调查,对于可疑PTSD者给予结构性访谈,确诊53例PTSD.随机选取27例PTSD者(PTSD组),35例参加救灾的无PTSD人员(无PTSD组)及78例未参加抗震救灾的同单位人员(对照组),对其血浆同型半胱氨酸水平进行检测.结果:3组血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度均为非正态分布.运用等级资料检验发现,PTSD组与无PTSD组间以及无PTSD组与对照组间在同型半胱氨酸水平差异无显著性,而PISD组与对照组间存在显著的统计学差异. 结论:虽然目前仍不清楚同型半胱氨酸与PTSD间具体关系,但在PTSD的早期就存在血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的升高.     

地震后半年未愈伤员创伤后应激障碍调查

目的：探讨汶川地震灾后半年,震伤未愈伤者创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的发生率和相关因素。方法：选取成都市某医院地震伤员康复中心未愈伤者58例,采用自制一般情况问卷、心理健康自评问卷、分离性体验量表、PTSD自评量表和特质应对方式问卷进行测评。结果：未愈伤者在地震灾后半年患PTSD者占41.4%;男性伤者中残疾率28.6%和PTSD发生率28.6%明显低于女性伤者的46.7%和53.3%（P〈0.05）。创伤后应激水平与积极应对方式呈正相关（r=0.483,P〈0.01）;和消极应对方式呈负相关（r=-0.449,P〈0.01）。伤者中分离水平极低,遗忘和创伤后应激水平呈正相关（r=0.541,P〈0.01）;残疾、低社会支持和创伤后应激水平显著相关（r=0.642,P〈0.05）。结论：地震灾后半年,震伤未愈伤者PTSD患病率较高,残疾、社会支持差、遗忘水平高、消极的应对方式是震伤未愈者发生PTSD的主要相关因素,应给予充分的药物及心理治疗。     

军人创伤后应激障碍患者认知性电位变化及其与精神症状的关系

目的　探讨军人创伤后应激障碍(PSTD)患者认知性电位(CEP)的特征和治疗缓解后变化及其与精神症状的关系。方法　应用美国Nicolet Bravo型脑诱发电位仪,对 66 例发病期及其 60 例康复期 PTSD患者进行关联性负变(CNV)、视觉诱发电位(VEP)和听觉诱发电位(AEP)测定,并进行症状自评量表(SCL -90)和事件影响量表(IES)评定。结果　患者组发病期与对照组比较,CNV/M1、VEP/P2 和 AEP/N2 潜伏期延迟(P<0.01或0.05),CNV/M2 和AEP/P3 波幅增高(P<0.01),命令信号后负变化(PINV)出现率增高(P<0.01),SCL-90和IES总分及其部分因子分升高(P<0.01),且 CEP指标与 SCL 90 及 IES总分及其部分因子分显著相关(P<0.01 或 0.05)。患者组康复期 CNV/M1、VEP/P2 和 AEP/N2 潜伏期,CNV/M2、AEP/P3 波幅,PINV出现率以及SCL- 90和IES总分及其部分因子分均恢复至正常值内(与发病期比较P<0.01或0.05,与对照组比较 P>0.05)且治疗前后 CEP指标差值与 SCL 90 及 IES总分及其部分因子减分率显著相关(P<0.01或0.05)。结论　CNV、VEP与AEP的变化可能是PTSD的状态标志。     

弥漫性轴突损伤后早期并发癫痫患者的预后研究

目的 研究弥漫性轴突损伤(DAI)早期并发外伤性癫痫患者的预后.方法 选择暨南大学第一附属医院神经外科自2000年1月至2011年6月诊治的187例DAI患者,其中早期(伤后2周内)并发外伤性癫痫(PTE)者26例,按1:3的比例选出78例未并发PTE患者作为对照,出院时采用GOS评分和Barthel指数计分评价2组患者的预后和日常生活能力(ADL).结果 并发PTE组和未并发PTE组患者预后、日常生活能力不同,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),由平均秩次判断,早期并发PTE的DAI患者预后差于未并发PTE患者,且存活的患者中,并发PTE的DAI患者日常生活能力低于未并发PTE患者.结论 DAI患者早期发作癫痫可显著影响其预后,尤其是重症患者发作癫痫后预后较差,死亡率、致残率显著增加.     

急性创伤后应激障碍患者脑结构的磁共振研究

目的探讨单一、高强度持续刺激所致急性创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者早期脑部结构的变化。方法采用基于像素的形态学方法(VBM)研究受试者脑部结构变化。研究对象包括10名急性PTSD患者,10名未患PTSD的矿难幸存者,并对其PTSD症状积分(CAPS)与感兴趣区灰质密度进行相关性分析。结果与对照组相比,急性PTSD患者左侧海马前部、海马旁回和双侧距状裂皮质纹状区的灰质体积明显下降;而其白质体积未见明显变化。双侧距状裂及左侧海马灰质密度与CAPS积分存在显著负相关。结论本研究结果显示早期急性PTSD患者边缘系统的灰质体积明显减小,PTSD患者症状的严重程度与距状裂皮质纹状区和海马区的灰质密度相关。     

Acute psychological reactions in assault victims of non-domestic violence: Peritraumatic dissociation,post-traumatic stress disorder,anxiety and depression

The aims of this study were to investigate acute and subacute post-traumatic reactions in victims of physical non-domestic violence. A Norwegian sample of 138 physically assaulted victims was interviewed and a questionnaire was completed. The following areas were examined: the frequency and intensity of acute and subacute psychological reactions such as peritraumatic dissociation (PD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety and depression; the relationship between several psychological reactions; the relationship between psychological reactions and level of physical injury, perceived life threat, and potential of severe physical injury, and the relationship between psychological reactions and socio-demographic variables. The following distress reactions were measured retrospectively: PD, PTSD, and anxiety and depression. Thirty-three per cent of the victims scored as probable PTSD cases according to the Post Traumatic Symptoms Scale 10 (PTSS-10); the corresponding Impact of Event Scale-15 (IES-15) score identified prevalence of 34% respectively. Forty-four per cent scored as cases with probable anxiety and depression, according to the Hopkins Symptom Check List 25 (HSCL-25). Severity of perceived threat predicted higher scores on all measures of psychological reactions. There were no statistically significant differences between acute and subacute groups on PD, PTSS-10, IES-15, IES-22 and HSCL-25 according to measured means (and standard deviations) and occurrence of probable cases and risk level cases. The results showed no connection between severity of physical injury and caseness. The acute psychological impairment that results from assault violence may have a deleterious effect on the mental health of victims.     

Risk indicators for post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents exposed to the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in China

In Chinese adolescents exposed to the Wenchuan earthquake, we used the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES) as the screening tool, and Post-traumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to assess the cognitive status and their social supports, to evaluate the prevalence and the predictors variables of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the Wenchuan earthquake in China, which occurred on 12 May 2008. Subjects with a CRIES score greater than 30 were interviewed and assessed using the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD diagnosis by a trained psychiatrist with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Lifetime version (Kiddie-SADS-L). We found the overall prevalence of PTSD was 2.5% in 3208 adolescents from the surrounding areas of the epicentre 6 months after the earthquake. Risk factors for post-traumatic stress symptoms are as follows: being female, being buried/injured during the earthquake, having parents who were severely injured, having classmate(s) who died, having a house destroyed, and witnessing someone buried/wounded/dying during the earthquake. Individuals with better social support had significantly lower scores on the CRIES. There were significant differences in cognitive style between individuals at low risk for PTSD (CRIES < 30) and those at high risk for PTSD (CRIES ≥ 30). Post-traumatic cognition emerged as an important factor that was associated with PTSD reactions in children. Social support can lessen the impact of a natural disaster by affecting post-traumatic cognition.     

Chemokines in post-traumatic stress disorder: A network meta-analysis

BackgroundPrevious studies on the association between chemokines concentrations and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, the purpose of this network meta-analysis was to summarize these results.MethodsThe databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Psyc-ARTICLES, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles published not later than January 15, 2020. Then, eligible studies were selected based on predefined study selection criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as group differences in chemokines concentrations. Moreover, network meta-analysis was used to rank chemokines effect values according to their respective surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probabilities.FindingsA total of 18 eligible studies that investigated the association between 9 different chemokines and PTSD were identified. They involved 1,510 patients and 2,012 controls. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the concentrations of CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 in the PTSD patients were significantly higher than that in the controls (SMDs of 4.12, 6.11 and 1.53 respectively). However, although not statistically significant, concentrations of CCL2 tended to be lower in PTSD patients than in the controls (SMD = -0.76); whereas concentrations of CXCL12 tended to be higher in PTSD patients than in the controls (SMD = 0.37). SUCRA probabilities showed that, among all the chemokines studied, the effect of CCL5 was the highest in PTSD patients.InterpretationConcentrations of CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 may be associated with a trauma and/or PTSD. Also, CXCL12 and CCL2 may be the underlying biomarkers for trauma and/or PTSD. Thus, future studies with large population based samples are needed to further assess these associations. In addition, future research should explore possible mechanisms underlying these associations, with the aim to develop new diagnostics for PTSD. PROSPERO CRD42019147703.