极化子效应对核壳量子点中光学克尔效应的影响

在有效质量近似下利用量子力学的密度矩阵理论,采用无限深势阱模型解三维薛定谔方程得到电子的本征能量和波函数.从理论上计算了考虑极化子效应后,在导带子带间跃迁时ZnS/CdSe柱型核壳结构量子点光学克尔效应的三阶极化率.通过数值计算,分析了电子-LO声子和电子-IO声子相互作用对ZnS/CdSe柱型核壳结构量子点光学克尔效应的三阶极化率的影响.结果表明:极化子效应对光学克尔效应的三阶极化率有很大影响,并且影响的大小与量子点的尺寸大小有关.     

极化子效应对核壳量子点中光学克尔效应的影响

在有效质量近似下利用量子力学的密度矩阵理论,采用无限深势阱模型解三维薛定谔方程得到电子的本征能量和波函数.从理论上计算了考虑极化子效应后,在导带子带间跃迁时ZnS/CdSe柱型核壳结构量子点光学克尔效应的三阶极化率.通过数值计算,分析了电子-LO声子和电子-IO声子相互作用对ZnS/CdSe柱型核壳结构量子点光学克尔效应的三阶极化率的影响.结果表明：极化子效应对光学克尔效应的三阶极化率 有很大影响,并且影响的大小与量子点的尺寸大小有关.       

极化子效应对ZnS/CdSe量子点三阶极化率的影响

在有效质量近似下,利用量子力学的密度矩阵理论,采用无限深势阱模型,从理论上计算了考虑极化子效应后在导带子带间跃迁时ZnS/CdSe柱型核壳结构量子点二次电光效应(QEOE)和电吸收过程(EA)的三阶极化率。通过数值计算,分析了电子-LO声子和电子-IO声子相互作用对ZnS/CdSe柱型核壳结构量子点二次电光效应和电吸收过程的三阶极化率的影响。结果表明,极化子效应对二次电光效应的三阶极化率χ⁽³⁾_QEDE和电吸收过程的三阶极化率χ⁽³⁾_EA都有很大影响,并且影响的大小与量子点的尺寸大小有关。     

极化子效应对ZnS/CdSe柱型核壳量子点简并四波混频过程的影响

理论计算了带有极化子效应的ZnS/CdSe柱型核壳结构量子点简并四波混频的三阶极化率.在有效质量近似下,采用无限深势阱模型,导出了带有极化子效应的柱型量子点的三阶非线性光学极化率的解析表达式,解三维薛定谔方程得到电子的本征能量和波函数.分析了电子-LO声子和电子-IO声子相互作用对ZnS/CdSe核壳结构量子点简并四波混频的三阶极化率的影响.结果表明,当量子点尺寸一定时,带有极化子效应的χ(3)DFWM比没有极化子时的三阶极化率提高了近3个数量级,并且电子-LO声子的影响比电子-IO声子的影响大得多;当固定核壳量子点的阱宽而内外半径发生变化时,χ(3)DFWM的峰值随之变化,而且极化子效应影响的大小也随之发生变化.     

球形ZnS/CdSe/ZnS核壳壳量子点的三阶极化率参量相关特征

在有效质量近似下,利用量子力学的密度矩阵理论,采用无限深势阱模型导出了三层球型量子点的三阶非线性光学极化率(自聚焦)的解析表达式.通过数值计算,分析了ZnS/CdSe/ZnS球型核壳结构量子点的三阶极化率(自聚焦)与量子点尺寸和入射光频率之间的关系.结果显示,量子点尺寸增大时,自聚焦效应三阶极化率(自聚焦)的峰值高度增大,峰值位置红移.本文的讨论为实验研究和实际应用提供了理论依据,对于光电器件的研究和改进有参考价值.     

球形ZnS/CdSe/ZnS核壳壳量子点的三阶极化率参量相关特征

在有效质量近似下,利用量子力学的密度矩阵理论,采用无限深势阱模型导出了三层球型量子点的三阶非线性光学极化率(自聚焦)的解析表达式.通过数值计算,分析了ZnS/CdSe/ZnS球型核壳结构量子点的三阶极化率(自聚焦)与量子点尺寸和入射光频率之间的关系.结果显示,量子点尺寸增大时,自聚焦效应三阶极化率(自聚焦)的峰值高度增大,峰值位置红移.本文的讨论为实验研究和实际应用提供了理论依据,对于光电器件的研究和改进有参考价值.     

CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS多壳层结构量子点的制备与表征

展示了一种简捷的多壳层量子点合成路线。在含有过量Se源的CdSe体系中直接注入Zn源,"一步法"合成了CdSe/ZnSe量子点;进一步以CdSe/ZnSe为"核",表面外延生长ZnS壳层制备了核/壳/壳结构CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS量子点。相对于以往报道的多壳层结构量子点的制备方法,该方法通过减少壳层的生长步骤有效地简化了实验操作,缩短了实验周期,同时减少对原料的损耗。对量子点进行高温退火处理,能够大幅提高CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS量子点的发光量子产率。透射电镜、XRD以及光谱研究表明:所制备的量子点接近球形,核与壳层纳米晶均为闪锌矿结构,最终获得的CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS量子点的光致发光量子产率达到53％。为了实现量子点的表面生物功能化,通过巯基酸进行了表面配体交换修饰,使量子点表面具有水溶性的羧基功能团,并且能够维持较高的光致发光量子产率。     

壳层相关的CdSe核/壳量子点发光的热稳定性

测量了CdSe/ZnS(3 ML)核/壳结构及CdSe/CdS(3 ML)/ZnCdS(1 ML)/ZnS(2 ML)核/多壳层结构量子点在80~460 K范围内的光致发光光谱,研究了壳层结构对CdSe量子点发光热稳定性的影响。详细地分析了CdSe量子点的发光峰位能量、线宽和积分强度与温度之间的关系,发现CdSe量子点的发光热稳定性依赖于壳层结构。CdS/ZnCdS/ZnS多壳层结构包覆CdSe量子点在低温和高温部分的热激活能均大于ZnS壳层包覆的CdSe量子点,具有更好的发光热稳定性。此外,在300-460-300 K加热-冷却循环实验中,CdS/ZnCdS/ZnS多壳层结构包覆CdSe量子点的发光强度永久性损失更少,热抵御能力更强。     

脂溶性CdSe/ZnS量子点脂质体复合物的制备及表征

在油相中成功合成了脂溶性CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点纳米粒,粒径平均为4.5 nm,量子产率达29%,发射波长为540 nm。通过薄膜分散法,以蛋黄卵磷脂、胆固醇为膜材,将脂溶性的CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点包覆于脂质体磷脂双分子层中,由于磷脂分子的两亲性,使得脂溶性的CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点同时又具有亲水性。通过透射电镜对脂质体形态进行了表征,倒置荧光显微镜证实了发光CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点成功包埋于脂质体双分子层中,包裹的发光CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点具有更稳定的发光及抗光漂白性质。     

极化子效应对ZnS/CdSe核壳量子点光吸收系数的影响

在有效质量近似下,利用量子力学密度矩阵理论,从理论上研究了考虑极化子效应后核壳量子点中线性、三阶非线性以及总的光吸收系数在不同条件下随入射光能量变化的关系。通过数值计算,分析了电子-LO声子和电子-IO声子相互作用对ZnS/CdSe柱型核壳结构量子点光吸收系数的影响。结果表明,极化子效应对光吸收系数有很大影响,不同声子模式对光吸收系数影响大小不同。考虑电子-LO声子后,光吸收系数被大大提高。另外,入射光强和弛豫时间对系统的吸收系数也有很大影响。     

硒化镉发光量子点的制备及其在有机发光器件中的应用

硒化镉量子点具有随粒径尺寸改变,而产生发光波长调变的特性,目前已被广泛研究。本研究是由化学溶胶法合成不同粒径尺寸的核壳型CdSe／ZnS硒化镉量子点,其表面包覆十六烷基胺,避免分子团聚现象。在由硒化镉成核温度的控制,成功地制备一系列具有各种尺寸粒径的核壳型硒化镉量子点(2—6nm)。本研究也合成了含有纳米金粒子于核壳型硒化镉量子点,实验结果发现：硒化镉发光效率明显的提高。在有机发光器件的应用方面,将发光波长为505nm核壳型CdSe／ZnS量子点掺入溶有发光波长为570nm铱化合物的氯仿溶液时,其溶液的光致发光光谱表明,原量子点的发光特性消失,只有铱化合物的发光依然存在,且其发光强度呈现明显增强趋势,我们推测此现象源自于量子点到铱化合物能量转移的机制。我们也以含有核壳型硒化镉量子点的铱化合物与PVK混合材料为发光层,成功的制作发光二极管器件,器件的发光效率因核壳型硒化镉的掺杂,明显提高2倍多。     

Highly luminescent (ZnSe)ZnS core-shell quantum dots for blue to UV emission: synthesis and characterization

We synthesized nearly monodisperse bare ZnSe nanocrystallites having luminescence which ranges in wavelength from 340 to 430 nm via nucleation due to supersaturation and growth followed by size selective precipitation. Bare ZnSe dots' outermost surface is passivated with organic HDA/TOP. In order to enhance the radiative emission from the semiconductor nanocrystals, we capped the bare ZnSe quantum dots with ZnS semiconductor materials of a wider band gap and 5% of lattice mismatch and produced highly luminescent core-shell (ZnSe)ZnS quantum dots. The core-shell (ZnSe)ZnS nanocrystals show 20 times or more as greatly enhanced luminescence quantum yields as those of bare ZnSe nanocrystals. The ZnSe bare dots and the (ZnSe)ZnS core-shell dots have cubic zinc blende structures as expected from the bulk structure. The observed shapes of bare ZnSe and core-shell (ZnSe)ZnS dots are nearly spherical or ellipsoidal with the aspect ratios of 1.2 and 1.4, respectively. They are not faceted.     

The effect of a gas environment on the fluorescence intensity of quantum-dot composite systems

The fluorescence kinetics of a composite structure based on colloidal CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots deposited on an array of GaAs nanowires in atmospheres of different gases is studied upon excitation by cw laser radiation. It is suggested that the fluorescence enhancement mechanism consists in the transfer of part of the vibrational energy of quantum dots to surrounding gas molecules due to inelastic collisions.     

The Influence of Surface Trapping and Dark States on the Fluorescence Emission Efficiency and Lifetime of CdSe and CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots

To investigate the influence of surface trapping and dark states on CdSe and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), we studied the absorption, fluorescence intensity and lifetime by using one-and two-photon excitation, respectively. Experimental results show that both one- and two-photon fluorescence emission efficiencies of the QDs enhance greatly and the lifetime increase after capping CdSe with ZnS due to the effective surface passivation. The lifetime of one-photon fluorescence of CdSe and CdSe/ZnS QDs increase with increasing emission wavelength in a supralinear way, which is attributed to the energy transfer of dark excitons. On the contrary, the lifetime of two-photon fluorescence of bare and core-shell QDs decrease with increasing emission wavelength, and this indicates that the surface trapping is the dominant decay mechanism in this case.     

Demonstration of a nanoparticle-based optical diode

We present the operation of an optical device that exhibits diodelike properties based on two adjacent layers of quantum dots (QDs) encased in a fiber-optic jacket. The possibility of a multilayered device is also discussed. A significant change in the emission spectrum of CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs was observed when excited by the input laser and the fluorescence of other CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs. The output of the diode can be taken to be either the incoming laser wavelength of light similar to a conventional diode, or the output may be considered to be one of the QD fluorescence wavelengths. Current work has applications in biological fluorescence monitors and sensors as well as in telecommunications applications.     

Size controlled synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals in a continuous-flow mode microcapillary reactor

A microcapillary reactor with 320 μm inner diameter was utilized for CdSe nanoparticle synthesis. The influence of the reaction temperature and flow rate of precursors on the size and size distribution of prepared CdSe nanoparticles was systematically studied. The as-prepared nanoparticles exhibit sharp excitonic absorption and photoluminescence peak (FWHM 30 nm) with a quantum-yield around 10–40%. The microcapillary reactor was also used for CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanoparticle synthesis in continuous-flow mode. The quantum yield of the core-shell nanoparticles was found to be considerably influenced by the reactor temperature and have a close correlation with the thickness of ZnS shell under growth. An optimized quantum yield up to 70% was obtained for the CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanoparticles.     

Experimental investigation of energy transfer between CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and different-sized gold nanoparticles

Hybrid nanostructures of quantum dots(QDs) and metallic nanostructure are attractive for future use in a variety of optoelectronic devices. For photodetection applications, it is important that the photoluminescence (PL) of QDs is quenched by the metallic nanostructures. Here, the quenching efficiency of CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) with different sized gold nanoparticles (NPs) films through energy transfer is investigated by measuring the PL intensity of the hybrid nanostructures. In our research, the gold NPs films are formed by the post-annealing of the deposited Au films on the quartz substrate. We find that the energy transfer from the QDs to the Au NPs strongly depends on the sizes of the Au NPs. For CdSe/ZnS QDs direct contact with the Au NPs films, the largest energy transfer efficiency are detected when the resonance absorption peak of the Au NPs is nearest to the emission peak of the CdSe/ZnS QDs. However, when there is a PMMA spacer between the QDs layer and the Au NPs films, firstly, we find that the energy transfer efficiency is weakened, and the largest energy transfer efficiency is obtained when the resonant absorption peak of the Au NPs is farthest to the emission peak wavelength of CdSe/ZnS QDs. These results will be useful for the potential design of the high efficiency QDs optoelectronic devices.