双水相体系萃取天冬氨酸转氨酶

研究了不同的双水相体系对天冬氨酸转氨酶的萃取分离效果,对聚乙二醇/无机盐成相系统进行了系统的研究,初步确定PEG1000 Na2HPO4为研究体系,并考察体系pH值、无机盐对双水相体系分配系数和纯化系数的影响。当PEG1000的质量分数为18%、Na2HPO4的质量分数为20%时,双水相体系对天冬氨酸转氨酶的分离系数和纯化系数分别为2 36和2 94。     

必特螺旋霉素萃取过程研究

从热力学角度考察了温度、pH值、NaH2PO4质量分数对不同溶剂体系中必特螺旋霉素溶解度的影响,研究了磷酸盐缓冲液萃取石油醚洗脱液中必特螺旋霉素过程工艺特性,详细考察了温度、pH值、NaH2PO4质量分数等诸因素对萃取过程分配系数α的影响。萃取实验选择H3PO4-质量分数0.7%NaH2PO4缓冲溶液为萃取剂,以A/O相比=1/10进行萃取。研究发现:萃取过程最佳pH值范围为2.0—2.2,萃取分配系数α随着温度的升高而变小,萃取过程为放热过程,低温与较高的NaH2PO4质量分数有利于萃取过程的进行。在实验基础上推导并建立了萃取分配系数α与pH值及温度T函数关系α-pH及α-T理论数学模型,并用Matlab软件拟合得到α-pH-T函数关系式。     

PEG/（NH4）2SO4双水相萃取分离茶氨酸的研究

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)/(NH4)2SO4双水相体系萃取分离生产茶多酚所得废液中的茶氨酸,考察了PEG分子量与含量、硫酸铵含量、pH、温度、加盐(KCl、KBr、KI)、茶氨酸含量对双水相及萃取分离茶氨酸的影响。结果表明,PEG/(NH4)2SO4双水相萃取分离茶氨酸的适宜条件是:PEG平均分子量为4 000,质量分数为10%,硫酸铵质量分数为15%,pH约为6,30℃。在此条件下,茶氨酸的分配系数K1=0.16,蛋白质的分配系数K2=0.28,糖类的分配系数K3=9.8,茶氨酸在下相的萃取率为89.5%,可以将茶多酚废液中的茶氨酸与糖类及其他有颜色的杂质分开。     

利用双水相乙醇-磷酸氢二钾体系萃取甘草有效成分的研究

研究了基于与水互溶的普通有机溶剂的双水相萃取体系 ,并考察不同种类盐分相能力的差异情况 ,根据分相后有机溶剂相的体积变化 ,选择乙醇 (EtOH) 磷酸氢二钾 (K2 HPO4)体系萃取甘草有效成分。确定萃取的最佳条件是 :当双水相体系的总量为 10mL ,V(EtOH)∶V(H2 O)=3∶2 ,磷酸盐的质量为 1 5 g ,在上述条件下 ,EtOH K2 HPO4体系的两相分配完全 ,分配系数(K)最大为 12 80 ,收率 (Y)高达 98 3%。     

PEG/（NH_4）_2SO_4双水相萃取分离茶氨酸的研究

采用聚乙二醇（PEG）/（NH4）2SO4双水相体系萃取分离生产茶多酚所得废液中的茶氨酸,考察了PEG分子量与含量、硫酸铵含量、pH、温度、加盐（KCl、KBr、KI）、茶氨酸含量对双水相及萃取分离茶氨酸的影响。结果表明,PEG/（NH4）2SO4双水相萃取分离茶氨酸的适宜条件是：PEG平均分子量为4 000,质量分数为10%,硫酸铵质量分数为15%,pH约为6,30℃。在此条件下,茶氨酸的分配系数K1=0.16,蛋白质的分配系数K2=0.28,糖类的分配系数K3=9.8,茶氨酸在下相的萃取率为89.5%,可以将茶多酚废液中的茶氨酸与糖类及其他有颜色的杂质分开。     

PEG-(NH_4)_2SO_4双水相萃取法提取壳聚糖酶的研究

采用PEG-(NH4)2SO4双水相体系直接从Bacillussp.LS发酵液上清液中分离壳聚糖酶。研究了体系中PEG分子量、PEG质量分数、(NH4)2SO4质量分数、NaCl质量分数和pH值对壳聚糖酶分配系数及萃取率的影响。结果表明,室温下双水相萃取最佳条件为:PEG600 20%、(NH4)2SO420%、NaCl 0.1%、pH值6.0,在此条件下壳聚糖酶分配系数达5.91,萃取率达88.7%。     

发酵液中乳酸的盐析萃取

研究了一种利用盐析萃取法分离发酵液中乳酸的新方法. 通过系统考察乳酸在不同盐析萃取体系中的分配规律,发现K2HPO4-甲醇和K2HPO4-乙醇体系适合分离发酵液中的乳酸. 发酵液中乳酸浓度为167 g/L时,采用25%(w) K2HPO4-26%(w)甲醇盐析萃取体系,乳酸的分配系数和回收率分别为4.01和86.0%;采用14%(w) K2HPO4-30%(w)乙醇盐析萃取体系,乳酸的分配系数和回收率分别为3.23和90.6%. 此时上相中残余葡萄糖、菌体和可溶性蛋白的去除率分别达67.3%, 100%和85.9%.     

人血清白蛋白在双水相法体系中的分配规律研究

人血清白蛋白是一种重要的临床药用蛋白质。以PEG/(NH4)2SO4双水相体系萃取分离人血清白蛋白,探索人血清白蛋白在双水相体系中的分配规律。结果表明,人血清白蛋白在双水相体系中的分配系数与萃取率均随着PEG分子量的增大而增大;随PEG和(NH4)2SO4浓度的增加而增加,当PEG为19.53%、(NH4)2SO4为14.07%时达到最大;但若持续增大各相的浓度,其分配系数与萃取率又会下降;随着体系中外加盐NaCl浓度的增加而增加,在NaCl浓度为10%时达到最大。     

小分子醇/盐二元双水相体系中盐酸土霉素的分配行为

在双水相体系研究的基础上,建立了乙醇与正丙醇和磷酸二氢钠形成的二元双水相体系萃取盐酸土霉素的新方法,考察了小分子醇的用量、盐种类和浓度、pH值、温度以及静置时间对盐酸土霉素分配行为的影响。结果表明,小分子醇/盐二元双水相体系可用于抗生素分配行为的研究,其中体系组成为乙醇和正丙醇,磷酸二氢钠浓度在48%,pH值在4～5,温度25℃,以及静置12 h左右,盐酸土霉素在该二元双水相体系中的分配系数达到21.95,萃取率达86.09%。     

聚乙二醇/硫酸铵双水相体系萃取猪胰蛋白酶

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)/硫酸铵[(NH4)2SO4]双水相体系对猪胰蛋白酶分离进行了研究。通过综合考察酶分配系数、蛋白质分配系数、相比和回收率,探讨了PEG400质量分数、(NH4)2SO4质量分数、NaCl质量分数以及pH值对胰蛋白酶萃取的影响,并通过正交实验进一步优化实验条件,结果表明(NH4)2SO4质量分数和PEG浓度对胰蛋白酶的萃取影响大,在PEG400质量分数为24%、(NH4)2SO4质量分数为21%、pH值为4.2所组成的双水相体系下,可获得酶的高分配系数8.48,提取的胰蛋白酶活力达到1780 U/mL。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.