颈动脉粥样硬化患者外周血内皮祖细胞部分生物学功能改变及其意义

目的:观察颈动脉粥样硬化患者外周血内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)生物学功能的改变,探讨EPCs在颈动脉粥样硬化发生发展中可能作用。方法:选择颈动脉粥样硬化患者和同年龄组正常人各20例,密度梯度离心法从外周血获取单个核细胞,接种在培养板内,培养7天后对贴壁细胞进行细胞化学分析和部分生物学功能测定。激光共聚焦显微镜鉴定FITC标记荆豆凝血素Ⅰ(FITC-UEA-I)和DiI标记的乙酰化低密度脂蛋白(DiI-acLDL)双染色阳性细胞为正在分化的EPCs。胰蛋白酶消化后计数贴壁细胞观察EPCs黏附能力;改良的Boyden小室观察EPCs的迁移能力;MTT法检测EPCs增殖能力;体外血管生成实验观察EPCs体外生成血管能力。结果:颈动脉粥样硬化患者外周血EPCs黏附细胞数(35.15±6.55)较正常对照组(45.25±7.04)显著减少(P<0.01);EPCs的增殖能力(0.649±0.033)较正常对照组(0.680±0.022)显著降低(P<0.05);颈动脉粥样硬化患者外周血EPCs体外血管生成能力较正常对照组显著减弱,并且小管的复杂程度也较对照组降低。结论:颈动脉粥样硬化患者外周血EPCs的黏附、迁移、增殖和成血管能力明显受损。EPCs的生物学功能或许可作为颈动脉粥样硬化患者血管病变发生发展的一个生物学标志。     

重型颅脑损伤患者外周血内皮祖细胞动态变化及意义

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤患者外周血内皮祖细胞（EPCs）水平的动态变化及其意义。方法收集我院收治的重型颅脑损伤患者58例（颅脑损伤组）、健康体检者22例（对照组）,采用流式细胞技术检测颅脑损伤组患者伤后1、4．7、14、21d及对照组外周血EPCs水平。结果与对照组相比,伤后1d,颅脑损伤组外周血EPCs水平无显著变化（P〉0．05）,伤后4d降至最低值（P〈0．05）;随后逐渐升高,伤后7d达最高峰（P〈0.05）,随后逐渐下降,伤后21d与对照组无显著差异（P〉0．05）。伤后1d外周血EPCs水平与入院时患者GCS评分呈正相关（RS=0．452,P〈0．05）;伤后7、14、21d外周血EPCs水平与伤后6个月GOS评分呈正相关（rs分别为0．423,0．469,0．455;P〈0．05）。结论外周血EPCs可作为重型颅脑损伤患者预后的一个重要评价指标。     

sEHi对颈动脉狭窄患者晚期内皮祖细胞功能的影响

目的研究不同浓度可溶性环氧化物水解酶抑制剂(soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor,s EHi)AUDA对颈动脉狭窄(carotid stenosis,CS)患者外周血来源的晚期内皮祖细胞(late endothelial progenitor cell,late EPC)的影响。方法入选研究对象60例,分成颈动脉狭窄组(n=35)和对照组(n=25)。密度梯度离心法,从外周血获取单个核细胞培养至21 d后鉴定内皮祖细胞;以不同浓度AUDA(0,0.1,1,10μmol/L)和晚期EPC共培养24 h,分别采用MTT法,黏附能力测定实验和Transwell小室来观察其增殖,黏附,迁移能力。同时采用Western blot法观察AUDA处理后其VEGF的表达。结果体外培养21 d时,细胞呈典型长梭形,21 d时,呈铺路石样,并可摄取FITCUEA-I和Dil-ac LDL。与对照组相比,CS患者late EPC的增殖,黏附和迁移能力均显著下降(P0.05);与处理前(0umol/L)相比,AUDA呈剂量依赖性地增强CS患者late EPC增殖,黏附和迁移能力并促进CS患者late EPC表达VEGF。结论 s EHi具有促进late EPC增殖,黏附和迁移等功能的作用,其有望成为一类治疗CS的新型药物。     

他汀类药物对急性缺血性脑卒中患者外周血内皮祖细胞的影响

目的：观察他汀类药物对急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者外周血内皮祖细胞（EPC）数量及迁移能力的影响。方法：15例发病1周内的AIS患者，给予阿托伐他汀20mg·d^-1，治疗4周，用药前及用药后每周分别检测外周血EPC数量及迁移能力；9名健康对照者于入组前及第2、4周随访。结果：阿托伐他汀治疗第2周开始EPC数量逐渐增多，且第3和第4周增多较为显著（P〈0．05）；EPC的迁移能力在治疗第2和第3周显著提高（P〈0．05），而第4周则有下降的趋势。EPC数量及迁移能力的变化与低密度脂蛋白的下降无显著相关性。结论：他汀类药物可能提高AIS患者外周血EPC的数量及迁移能力。     

体外高浓度葡萄糖培养及黄芪干预人外周血内皮祖细胞的数量和增殖与分化**☆

背景：内皮祖细胞数量及功能受损是糖尿病血管并发症发生发展的重要环节,黄芪对多种原因引起内皮功能障碍具有保护作用,可以有效保护血管内皮功能。 目的：观察高浓度葡萄糖及黄芪干预对人外周血内皮祖细胞数量、增殖及分化影响。 方法：不同浓度葡萄糖孵育内皮祖细胞24 h以及30 mmol/L葡萄糖孵育内皮祖细胞不同时间;内皮祖细胞经20 g/L黄芪预处理24 h后,再加入30 mmol/L葡萄糖培养24 h。 结果与结论：高葡萄糖以浓度及时间依赖方式减少内皮祖细胞的数量,降低内皮祖细胞的增殖及向内皮细胞系分化能力(P < 0.05或0.01),给予黄芪预处理后,内皮祖细胞数量明显增加,增殖及向内皮细胞系分化能力明显增强(P < 0.05或0.01)。提示高葡萄糖以浓度及时间依赖方式减少外周血内皮祖细胞数量,降低内皮祖细胞的增殖及向内皮细胞系分化能力,黄芪可以改善高葡萄糖对内皮祖细胞的损伤作用。     

通心络对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者内皮祖细胞增殖能力的影响

目的探讨通心络胶囊对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者内皮祖细胞（endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs）功能的影响。方法选择颈动脉粥样硬化斑块（软斑和/或混合斑）患者20例,分别于通心络治疗前和治疗后1个月诱导分化其外周血来源的EPCs,培养第7天测定EPCs的增殖能力、细胞和集落计数并进行对比。结果通心络治疗前EPCs增殖能力为（0.193&#177;0.037）,细胞计数为（60.24&#177;11.36）,集落计数为（2.50&#177;0.41）;治疗后EPCs增殖能力为（0.260&#177;0.044）,细胞计数为（80.16&#177;14.01）,集落计数为（4.22&#177;0.79）,治疗前后相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论通心络可以增强颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者EPCs的增殖能力,增加EPCs集落和细胞数目。     

补阳还五汤对外周血内皮祖细胞数量和功能的影响

背景：现代医学研究表明,内皮祖细胞和补阳还五汤在治疗缺血性疾病上具有相似的功能,两者之间是否存在着一定的联系？ 目的：观察补阳还五汤对外周血内皮祖细胞数量和功能的影响。 方法：采用密度梯度离心法分离培养兔外周血内皮祖细胞,经Dil-ac-LDL和FITC-UEA-I双染色和表面抗原的免疫组织化学检测鉴定后,将贴壁细胞随机分为4组,分别用基础培养基以及含有20,50,100 g/L补阳还五汤的EBM-2培养基进行细胞培养72 h。检测细胞形态及计数,再采用四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法、Transwell小室、黏附功能检测、一氧化氮检测及血管内皮生长因子免疫细胞化学分析来评定其增殖、迁移、黏附、分泌一氧化氮和表达血管内皮生长因子的能力。 结果与结论：不同质量浓度补阳还五汤均能增加内皮祖细胞的数量,提高内皮祖细胞增殖、黏附、迁移和分泌一氧化氮的能力(P < 0.05),药物质量浓度在50 g/L时影响最为显著(P < 0.01),而对血管内皮生长因子表达的影响较微弱。提示补阳还五汤能增加内皮祖细胞的数量,提高内皮祖细胞的增殖、迁移和黏附能力,并可能诱导晚期内皮祖细胞的分化。     

缺血性脑血管病氧化应激对内皮祖细胞的影响

1内皮祖细胞(EPCs)1.1 EPCs的生物学特性血管内皮是人体最大的内分泌器官,其结构和功能的完整对血管反应性的调节及维持正常的血液循环起着重要作用。由Asahara等在1997年发现和命名的内皮祖细胞(EPCs)为一群骨髓来源的干细胞,存在于血循环中,具有增殖、迁移、黏附并分化为血管内皮细胞的潜能。可分为两种不同形态和功能的亚群,即早期     

参麦注射液对精神分裂症血液流变学的研究

目的：探讨参麦注射液治疗精神分裂症患者异常血液流变的疗效。方法：对42例血液流学指标有异常的患者分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组以参麦注射液治疗2周，并用简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）评估临床疗效。结果：治疗组血液流变学异常指标改善率为73．8％；精神症状的临床 治疗有效率为67．8％。而对照组改善不明显。结论：精神分裂症患者异常的血液流变学指标可能是疾病发展过程的重要表现。参麦注射液对改善异常的血液流变学指标有一定疗效，无任何副反应，可作为抗精神病药的辅助治疗手段。     

阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆患者血浆同型半胱氨酸与超氧化物歧化酶的比较

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）浓度和阿尔茨海默病（AD）与血管性痴呆（VaD）患者认知功能损害之间的关系。方法将入组病例分成AD组和VaD组，分别测定血浆Hcy、SOD水平并进行比较；采用简易智能状态量表（MMSE）评定认知功能水平。结果AD组Hcy浓度为（16．24±6．62）μmol／L，VaD组为（25．81±11．81）μmol／L，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。AD组SOD浓度为（165．94±35．92）μmol／L，VaD组为（167．76±29．86）μmol／L，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。AD组Hcy浓度与SOD水平呈负相关（r=-0．346，P〈0．05），VaD组SOD水平与年龄呈负相关（r=-0．358，P〈0．05），两组患者的MMSE评分与Hcy浓度呈负相关（r=-0．263，P〈0．01）。结论血浆Hcy、SOD水平可能是预测认知功能损害程度的一个重要生化指标。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.