人工全膝关节置换术治疗胫骨平台骨折内固定术后创伤性关节炎回顾性研究

目的探讨胫骨平台骨折内固定术后创伤性骨关节炎的人工全膝关节置换术及其临床疗效。方法北京积水潭医院矫形骨科自2003年1月至2015年1月,收治12例(12膝)胫骨平台骨折术后创伤性关节炎患者。所有患者骨折后均曾行切开复位内固定术治疗。应用KSS评分和功能评分术前和术后随访评估。术前膝关节屈伸活动度(80.0°±34.9°)。膝关节学会KSS评分(62.7±11.1)分,功能评分(61.7±10.7)分。12例患者均行全膝关节置换术。9例患者选择后稳定型假体,2例患者选择限制性LCCK假体,1例患者选择旋转铰链膝关节假体。结果本组共12例患者,1例患者出现伤口并发症和浅表感染,1例患者术中内侧副韧带部分撕脱。术后随访1~13年(平均4.3年),无晚期并发症出现。末次随访时,KSS评分(80.5±10.4)分,功能评分(82.5±16.6)分,膝关节屈伸活动度(101.7°±16.0°),均较术前显著改善(P<0.05)。结论胫骨平台骨折内固定术后创伤性骨关节炎的人工全膝关节置换术可以显著改善患者的关节功能,但易出现感染及伤口并发症,具有较高的技术要求。     

旋转平台高屈曲型人工全膝关节置换术的临床应用

目的 探讨旋转平台高屈曲型人工全膝关节置换术(total knee replacements,TKR)的特点及临床效果.方法 对61例患者(78膝)行旋转平台高屈曲型(Sigma RP-F)人工TKR,其中17例为双侧膝关节置换.男13例15膝,女48例63膝;年龄45～79岁,平均64.3岁.术前诊断:膝骨关节炎56例,类风湿关节炎5例.采用正中切口髌旁内侧入路,所有膝关节都未进行髌骨置换,但对髌骨进行去神经化和修复术.结果 本组随访3～16个月,平均10.5个月.影像学显示无松动,无髌骨翘起、半脱位或脱位.临床评定采用美国膝关节学会(KSS)评分,术前平均膝评分48分(33～72分),膝功能评分41分(28～63分),术后随访膝评分97分(88～100分),膝功能评分96分(84～99分),膝关节活动度平均为(130.)(110.～150.),未发现假体旋出、不稳定或感染的患者.结论 旋转平台高屈曲人工全膝关节可提供足够的关节接触面积、全程的髌骨轨迹、足够的胫骨关节轴向旋转自由度,使膝关节可安全达到高屈曲的目的,近期随访疗效满意,但是否达到实验室分析的减少磨损、增加假体使用寿命的目的仍需进一步随访.     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗严重畸形膝关节临床研究

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）治疗严重畸形膝关节的手术方法和临床疗效。方法对人工全膝关节置换术916例（1031膝）,严重畸形膝关节置换术80例,其中56例（70膝）成功随访。严重内翻畸形19例（23膝）、严重外翻畸形21例（27膝）、严重屈曲畸形16例（20膝）。术后平均随访时间60个月（6个月～10年）。对膝关节屈伸活动度、HSS、KSS膝关节评分系统对手术前后进行回顾性研究。结果膝关节屈伸活动度由术前平均80°（伸直0°～屈曲120°）提高到术后115°（伸直0°～屈曲130°）,膝关节评分系统 HSS、KSS术前及随访时比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,KSS评分：临床评分由术前平均33分（10～68分）提高到术后平均81分（70～100分）,HSS临床评分由术前平均43分（27～68分）提高到术后平均86分（72～100分）。膝内外翻、屈曲挛缩畸形得到较好矫正。结论严重畸形膝关节通过关节置换术同样能恢复正常的关节功能,提高了患者生活质量,获得满意的临床疗效。     

Legion假体在膝外翻畸形初次全膝关节置换手术中应用疗效

目的探讨Legion假体在膝外翻畸形初次全膝关节置换手术中的临床应用疗效。方法回顾性分析沈阳军区总医院骨科2012年1月至2015年12月收治的膝外翻畸形患者32例(37膝)。记录患者术后髌股轨迹、切口愈合情况、膝外翻矫正角度、膝关节Harris评分(HSS)。结果所有患者术后均获得随访。32例患者膝关节髌股轨迹良好,切口愈合情况佳,无感染发生。34膝完全矫正了膝外翻畸形,仅余3膝存在3°~5°膝外翻遗留。患者HSS评分由术前34.5分提升至术后87.0分。结论在膝外翻畸形患者的初次膝关节置换手术中应用Legion假体可以达到满意的手术疗效,术后患者膝关节稳定,大部分患者的膝外翻畸形得到了纠正,患者在术后早期功能锻炼即可达到屈曲90°、伸直0°。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗老年膝关节骨性关节炎18例

我院于 1999年 3月～ 2 0 0 0年 11月对 18例老年膝关节骨性关节炎患者进行人工全膝关节置换术 ,经过 6～ 2 6月的门诊随访 ,临床疗效满意。现报告如下。1　临床资料　本组 18例 19膝 ,男 5例 ,女 13例 14膝。年龄 62～ 75岁 ,平均 68岁。左膝 11例 ,右膝 8例 ,同侧全膝、全髋关节置换 1例 ,同例双侧全膝关节置换 1例。 18例患者均被随访 ,随访时间为 6～ 2 6月。应用假体 :均为全髁型膝关节假体。1 1　手术要点　 ( 1)膝关节前正中纵切口髌内侧进入关节 ;( 2 )彻底清除关节内炎性滑膜组织 ,切除ＡＣＬ、ＰＣＬ、半月板等 ;( 3 )分别作胫骨…     

关节置换治疗膝关节创伤后晚期严重功能障碍

目的探讨膝关节创伤后严重功能障碍的治疗以及人工关节置换治疗这类疾病的手术适应证及手术方法。方法自1997年6月至2004年6月采用人工关节置换治疗严重创伤后晚期膝关节功能障碍18例21膝,对于其中严重创伤性关节炎无明显畸形10例12膝,采用膝关节表面置换。创伤性关节炎合并膝关节20°～40°内外翻或20°～90°固定性屈曲畸形6例7膝,膝关节完全骨性强直2例2膝,患者采用可旋转铰链式膝关节。所有患者均获得随访,时间6个月～7年,平均3.5年,采用美国特种外科医院(HospitalforSpecialSurgery,HSS)评分标准对手术疗效进行评价。结果评定膝关节术后的疼痛、活动功能、关节畸形矫正以及稳定性和肌力。术前评价均为差,术后优12膝,良7膝,可2膝,总优良率90%。患者主观满意率为100%。结论关节置换治疗膝关节创伤后晚期严重功能障碍是一种有效的方法。     

单髁置换术后膝关节内外侧间室应力变化有限元分析

目的:采用有限元分析方法研究单髁置换术后膝关节表面应力变化,为深入了解单髁置换术优势及劣势提供依据。方法:对6例单髁置换术后及6例正常人膝关节屈伸活动时关节表面应力变化进行动态有限元分析,并与项目组前期全膝关节置换术后关节表面应力分析进行对比。结果:正常组屈曲30°以后内侧间室应力大于外侧间室(P<0.05);单髁置换组屈曲0°、60°、90°时内侧间室应力大于外侧间室(P<0.05);全膝置换组在所有屈曲角度下内侧间室应力大于外侧间室(P<0.05)。屈曲60°及90°时单髁置换组内侧间室应力大于全膝置换组(P<0.05);所有屈曲角度下,单髁置换组外侧间室应力大于全膝置换组外侧间室应力(P<0.05);屈曲0°、30°、60°及120°时,单髁置换组外侧间室应力都大于正常膝组(P<0.05)。结论:单髁置换术可增加膝关节关节面应力及加速对侧间室关节炎发展,从而影响手术远期疗效,但在严格把握手术适应症、优化手术操作、假体适当改良、指导患者合理康复后,该术式仍具有优势。     

人工全膝关节置换术后早期并发症的预防

全膝关节置换(TKA)是人体较大的重建手术,由于膝关节周围软组织覆盖少,位置表浅,假体作为异物本身也会对局部软组织的修复造成影响,使得TKA术后并发症发生率较高。与手术有关的并发症有切口不良,神经血管损伤,感染,深静脉血栓(DVT),伸膝障碍,膝关节僵硬,假体周围骨折,假体松动等。有些并发症可以引起严重的膝关节功能障碍,有些并发症后果可能是致命的,所以应采取有效的预防措施以降低其发生率。我院自2001年至2005年共开展了17例22膝全膝关节置换。1资料与方法1.1一般资料:本组病例17例22膝,男性6例,女性11例,年龄47～69岁,平均年龄65.4…     

拉网式松解技术在人工膝关节置换术治疗重度外翻膝中临床应用

目的探讨拉网式松解技术在人工膝关节置换术治疗外翻膝中的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2014年10月至2015年5月北京积水潭医院矫形骨科采用人工膝关节置换术治疗的膝关节外翻畸形患者20例(23膝)的临床资料。所有患者均进行膝关节置换手术治疗,在术后1、3、6个月及1年进行随访,拍摄膝关节负重位X线影像、下肢全长X线影像,观察有无腓总神经损伤的症状,并进行美国膝关节协会(KSS)评分。结果本组20例患者,18例使用后稳定型假体,2例使用限制性假体。全部患者膝关节置换术中行外侧软组织的拉网式松解,松解深度≤5 mm。平均手术时间(79±12)min,平均出血量(150±30)ml,术中及术后无输异体血,术后伤口平均引流量(190±70)ml。术后第1天患者可以扶拐杖下地活动。术后和随访过程中均未发现腓总神经损伤的并发症。KSS评分从术前的(39±10)分提高至术后的(91±6)分,术前、术后KSS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论拉网式松解技术是人工膝关节置换术治疗膝关节外翻畸形的有效方法,松解深度≤5 mm安全、有效,可以得到满意的软组织平衡。     

应用旋转平台人工全膝关节置换术的初步报告

目的探讨旋转平台人工全膝关节置换术的临床效果。方法对49例患者行70膝的Sigma旋转平台人工全膝关节置换术，其中21例为双侧膝关节置换。男7例，女42例；年龄38—78岁，平均63岁。术前诊断膝骨关节炎42例，类风湿关节炎7例。采用正中切口髌旁内侧入路、后稳定型假体，所有膝关节都未进行髌骨置换，但对髌骨进行去神经化和修复术。结果本组随访时间6—22个月，平均12．7个月，共70膝。影像学显示均无松动，无髌骨脱位。对膝关节临床评定采用美国膝关节学会评分（KSS评分），术前膝评分49分（35—70分），膝功能评分40分（30—60分），术后最后一次随访膝评分为96分（83—100分）；功能评分为95分（65—100分），没有旋转平台的旋出，没有翻修或者感染的发生。结论旋转平台人工全膝关节置换术在运动学分析和实验室磨损试验的数据上有潜在的优势，尤其是在年轻的活动能力强的患者，近期随访获得了满意的疗效，远期的疗效还需进一步随访。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.