结合模糊聚类与支持向量机的图像分割（英文）

提出一种新的混合的图像分割方法,利用模糊C均值聚类与支持向量机两种方法相结合。此方法首先将图像的空间分布信息作为支持向量机的特征分量,再用模糊C均值聚类获得的分类结果作为支持向量机所需的初始训练样本,并对图像的所有像素点进行分类,同一类中的像素点形成一个分割区域,以此获得图像分割。实验表明,此将模糊C均值与支持向量机结合的新方法获得的图像分割效果较好,在一定程度上解决了支持向量机特征维数过大所导致的维数灾难问题。     

基于训练样本自动选取的SVM彩色图像分割方法

图像分割是模式识别、图像理解、计算机视觉等领域的重要研究内容。基于支持向量机((Support Vcctor Ma- chine, SVM)的方法现已广泛应用于图像分割,但其在训练样本的选取上大多是人工选择,这降低了图像分割的自适 应性,且影响了SVM的分类性能。提出一种基于训练样本自动选取的SVM彩色图像分割方法,算法首先使用模糊 C均值(Fuzzy C-Mcans, FCM)聚类算法自动获取训练样本,然后分别提取图像颜色特征和纹理特征,将其作为SVM 模型训练样本的特征属性进行训练,最后用训练好的分类器对图像进行分割。实验结果表明,提出的方法可取得很好 的分割结果。     

支持向量机与区域增长相结合的CT图像并行分割

针对经典区域增长算法中生长规则确定的困难和单纯使用支持向量机分割速度慢的问题,提出了一种支持向量机与区域增长相结合的图像并行分割方法。首先,从已知分割结果的图像中选取一定数量的目标区域与非目标区域样本点作为支持向量机分类器的训练样本并训练支持向量机,然后利用训练好的支持向量机自动寻找种子点并进行区域增长,在区域增长过程中使用支持向量机分类器作为增长规则,最后,针对边缘和噪声像素点进行必要的后处理。测试实验获得了较好的分割效果和较快的分割速度且能实现自动分割,表明所提出的方法是可行有效的。     

基于超像素快速模糊C均值聚类与支持向量机的柑橘病虫害区域分割

针对目前柑橘病虫害图像数据集较少,病虫害目标复杂、散漫,难以自动定位分割的问题,提出了一种基于超像素快速模糊C均值聚类（SFFCM）与支持向量机（SVM）的农业柑橘病虫害区域分割方法。该方法充分利用了SFFCM快速、鲁棒的优点,且融合了空间信息的特点,同时避免了传统SVM在图像分割上需要人工选择样本的缺点。首先,利用改进的SFFCM分割算法对待分割图像进行预分割,得到前景和背景区域;接着利用形态学中的腐蚀和膨胀操作对前景和背景区域进行缩小,然后自动选取训练样本进行SVM模型训练;最后用训练好的SVM分类器完成整幅图像的分割。将所提方法与快速鲁棒模糊C均值聚类（FRFCM）、原始SFFCM及边缘引导网络（EGNet）这三种方法进行实验对比,结果表明所提方法的平均召回率为0.937 1,平均精确率为0.941 8,平均准确率为0.930 3,均明显优于对比算法。     

基于聚类标签均值的半监督支持向量机

针对标签均值半监督支持向量机在图像分类中随机选取无标记样本会导致分类正确率不高,以及算法的稳定性较低的问题,提出了基于聚类标签均值的半监督支持向量机算法。该算法修改了原算法对于无标记样本的惩罚项,对选取的无标记样本聚类,使用聚类标签均值替换标签均值。实验结果表明,使用聚类标签均值训练的分类器大大减少了背景与目标的错分情况,提高了分类的正确率以及算法的稳定性,适合用于图像分类。     

模拟电路的一种纠错码SVM诊断方法

为了解决支持向量机在模拟电路中诊断时间长的问题,同时提高故障的诊断精度,提出一种基于纠错码支持向量机的模拟电路故障诊断方法.首先采用模糊C-均值算法对训练样本两两聚类,根据聚类二叉树得到纠错码矩阵;然后按码矩阵的编码设计基于支持向量机的多类故障分类器,对样本进行分组训练和测试;最后对测试向量进行解码得到诊断结果.实验结...     

多类分类预选取的SVM在语音识别中的应用

支持向量机在训练过程中,将很多时间都浪费在对非支持向量的复杂计算上,特别是对于大规模数据量的语音识别系统来说,支持向量机在训练时间上不必要的开销将会更加显著。核模糊C均值聚类是一种常用的典型动态聚类算法,并且有核函数能够把模式空间的数据非线性映射到高维特征空间。在核模糊C均值聚类的基础上,结合了多类分类支持向量机中的一对一方法,按照既定的准则把训练样本集中有可能属于支持向量的样本数据进行预选取,并应用到语音识别中。实验取得了较好的结果,该方法有效地提高了支持向量机分类器的学习效率和泛化能力。     

基于核模糊聚类多模型LS-SVM背景预测的红外小目标检测

针对复杂背景中小目标的提取问题,提出了一种基于核模糊聚类多模型最小二乘支持向量机背景预测的红外小目标检测算法。首先,对训练样本用最近邻聚类法进行划分,获取聚类个数和初始聚类中心,并用核模糊C均值算法(KFCM)对聚类中心进行优化;其次,用LS-SVM计算模糊模型的回归参数,利用回归参数预测图像背景;之后,将原图像和预测图像相减得到残差图像;最后,依据最大类间绝对差选取阈值,从残差图像中分割出小目标。实验结果表明:文中算法相比传统基于模糊C均值(FCM)的小目标检测算法检测性能更优越。     

基于模糊分割和邻近对的支持向量机分类器

支持向量机算法对噪声点和异常点是敏感的,为了解决这个问题,人们提出了模糊支持向量机,但其中的模糊隶属度函数需要人为设置。提出基于模糊分割和邻近对的支持向量机分类器。在该算法中,首先根据聚类有效性用模糊c-均值聚类算法分别对训练集中的正负类数据聚类;然后,根据聚类结果构造c个二分类问题,求解得c个二分类器;最后,用邻近对策略对样本点进行识别。用4个著名的数据集进行了数值实验,结果表明该算法能有效提高带噪声点和异常点数据集分类的预测精度。     

FCM预选取样本的半监督SVM图像分类方法

针对基于拉普拉斯支持向量机(LapSVM)的半监督分类方法需要将全部无标记样本加入训练样本集中训练得到分类器,算法需要的时间和空间复杂度高,不能有效处理大规模图像分类的问题,提出了模糊C-均值聚类(FCM)预选取样本的LapSVM图像分类方法。该方法利用FCM算法对无标记样本聚类,根据聚类结果选择可能在最优分类超平面附近的无标记样本点加入训练样本集,这些样本可能是支持向量,携带对分类有用的信息,其数量只是无标记样本的一少部分,因此使训练样本集减小。计算机仿真结果表明该方法充分利用了无标记样本所蕴含的判别信息,有效地提高了分类器的分类精度,降低了算法的时间和空间复杂度。     

结合FCM和SVM的纹理分割算法

支持向量机由于其具备的各种优点在图像分割领域得到越来越广泛的应用。但是作为有监督的分类器,它无法自动获取图像中的类别特征。针对这一问题,提出一种结合模糊聚类技术与支持向量机的纹理分割算法,实现了纹理图像的自动分割。在Matlab 7.0平台下进行仿真实验,得到良好效果。实验结果证明该算法能有效地提高纹理图像分割的精度。     

Iterative sliced inverse regression for segmentation of ultrasound and MR images

In this study, we propose an integrated approach based on iterative sliced inverse regression (ISIR) for the segmentation of ultrasound and magnetic resonance (MR) images. The approach integrates two stages. The first is the unsupervised clustering which combines multidimensional scaling (MDS) with K-Means. The dimension reduction based on MDS is employed to obtain fewer representative variates as input variables for K-Means. This step intends to generate the initial group labels of the training data for the second stage of supervised segmentation. We then combine the SIR with the nearest mean classifier (NMC) or the support vector machine (SVM) to iteratively update the group labels for supervised segmentation. The method of SIR is introduced by Li [Sliced inverse regression for dimension reduction. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 86 (1991) 316–342] to explore the effective dimension reduction (e.d.r.) directions from the training data embedded in high-dimensional space. The test data are then projected onto these directions and the classifiers are further applied to classify the test data. The integrated approach based on ISIR is evaluated on simulated and clinical images, which include ultrasound and MR images. The evaluation results indicate that this approach provides an improvement of image segmentation over the methods to be compared without dimension reduction.     

Color image segmentation using pixel wise support vector machine classification

Image segmentation is an important tool in image processing and can serve as an efficient front end to sophisticated algorithms and thereby simplify subsequent processing. In this paper, we present a color image segmentation using pixel wise support vector machine (SVM) classification. Firstly, the pixel-level color feature and texture feature of the image, which is used as input of SVM model (classifier), are extracted via the local homogeneity model and Gabor filter. Then, the SVM model (classifier) is trained by using FCM with the extracted pixel-level features. Finally, the color image is segmented with the trained SVM model (classifier). This image segmentation not only can fully take advantage of the local information of color image, but also the ability of SVM classifier. Experimental evidence shows that the proposed method has a very effective segmentation results and computational behavior, and decreases the time and increases the quality of color image segmentation in comparison with the state-of-the-art segmentation methods recently proposed in the literature.     

Color image segmentation using automatic pixel classification with support vector machine

Automatic segmentation of images is a very challenging fundamental task in computer vision and one of the most crucial steps toward image understanding. In this paper, we present a color image segmentation using automatic pixel classification with support vector machine (SVM). First, the pixel-level color feature is extracted in consideration of human visual sensitivity for color pattern variations, and the image pixel's texture feature is represented via steerable filter. Both the pixel-level color feature and texture feature are used as input of SVM model (classifier). Then, the SVM model (classifier) is trained by using fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) with the extracted pixel-level features. Finally, the color image is segmented with the trained SVM model (classifier). This image segmentation not only can fully take advantage of the local information of color image, but also the ability of SVM classifier. Experimental evidence shows that the proposed method has a very effective segmentation results and computational behavior, and decreases the time and increases the quality of color image segmentation in compare with the state-of-the-art segmentation methods recently proposed in the literature.     

基于Ncut分割和SVM分类器的医学图像分类算法

为解决医疗诊断中由于疲劳和主观因素影响导致的诊断错误,本文提出了基于Ncut分割方法的医学CT图像的分割、特征提取和诊断的新方案.将Ncut分割方法应用于脑CT图像.先进行图像分割,提取感兴趣区域,再从边缘、灰度,纹理三方面提取特征,最后利用支持向量机(SVM)对图像进行分类,为医生的诊断提供参考.从表格化的分类结果看,所提方案有较大的应用价值.     

基于生成对抗网络的知识蒸馏数据增强

在图像分类和工业视觉检测过程中,缺陷样本量少导致神经网络分类器训练效率低及检测精度差,直接采用原始的离散标签又无法使网络分类器学习到不同类别间的相似度信息。针对上述问题,在区域丢弃算法的基础上,提出一种基于生成对抗网络的知识蒸馏数据增强算法。使用补丁对丢弃区域进行填补,减少区域丢弃产生的非信息噪声。在补丁生成网络中,保留生成对抗网络的编码器-解码器结构,利用编码器卷积层提取特征,通过解码器对特征图上采样生成补丁。在样本标签生成过程中,采用知识蒸馏算法中的教师-学生训练模式,按照交叉检验方式训练教师模型,根据教师模型生成的软标签对学生模型的训练进行指导,提高学生模型对特征的学习能力。实验结果表明,与区域丢弃算法相比,该算法在CIFAR-100、CIFAR-10数据集图像分类任务上的Top-1 Err、Top-5 Err分别降低3.1、0.8、0.5、0.6个百分点,在汽车转向器轴承数据集语义分割任务上的平均交并比和识别准确率分别提高2.8、2.3个百分点。     

Automatic clinical image segmentation using pathological modeling,PCA and SVM

Due to the presence of complicated topological and residual features, the segmentation of medical imagery is a difficult problem. In this paper, an automated approach to clinical image segmentation is presented. The processing of these images in our approach is divided into learning and segmentation stages to facilitate the application of principal component analysis with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. During the initial learning stage, representative images are chosen to represent typical input images. These images are segmented using a variational level set method driven by a modeled energy functional designed to delineate the pathological characteristics of the images. Then a window-based feature extraction is applied to these segmented images. Principal component analysis is applied to these extracted features and the results are used to train an SVM classifier. After training the SVM, any time a clinical image needs to be segmented, it is simply classified with the trained SVM. By the proposed method, we take the strengths of both machine learning and the variational level set method while limiting their weaknesses to achieve automatic and fast clinical segmentation. To test the proposed system, both chest (thoracic) computed tomography (CT) scans (2D and 3D) and dental X-rays are used. Promising results are demonstrated and analyzed. The proposed method can be used during pre-processing for automatic computer-aided diagnosis.     

Object-based urban structure type pattern recognition from Landsat TM with a Support Vector Machine

This study evaluates the potential of object-based image analysis in combination with supervised machine learning to identify urban structure type patterns from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images. The main aim is to assess the influence of several critical choices commonly made during the training stage of a learning machine on the classification performance and to give recommendations for classifier-dependent intelligent training. Particular emphasis is given to assess the influence of size and class distribution of the training data, the approach of training data sampling (user-guided or random) and the type of training samples (squares or segments) on the classification performance of a Support Vector Machine (SVM). Different feature selection algorithms are compared and segmentation and classifier parameters are dynamically tuned for the specific image scene, classification task, and training data. The performance of the classifier is measured against a set of reference data sets from manual image interpretation and furthermore compared on the basis of landscape metrics to a very high resolution reference classification derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) measurements. The study highlights the importance of a careful design of the training stage and dynamically tuned classifier parameters, especially when dealing with noisy data and small training data sets. For the given experimental set-up, the study concludes that given optimized feature space and classifier parameters, training an SVM with segment-shaped samples that were sampled in a guided manner and are balanced between the classes provided the best classification results. If square-shaped samples are used, a random sampling provided better results than a guided selection. Equally balanced sample distributions outperformed unbalanced training sets.