修正混合律在双相钢拉伸变形行为研究中的应用

运用修正混合律模型对双相钢应力应变分配及其与拉伸变形行为的关系进行了研究,提供了测定随应变变化的应力应变分配系数ｑ的方法。研究表明,利用ｑ值,修正混合律可以很好地描述双相钢拉伸变形行为。随应变的增加,ｑ值变小,应力比σｍ／σｆ增加,应变比εｆ／εｍ减小;两相的变形状态对双相钢的变形行为有重要影响;铁素体迅速应变硬化和铁素体到马氏体的载荷传递使双相钢具有较高的初始应变硬化速率和较高的强度。     

不等宽T型方管节点静力工作性能的研究

直接焊接方管节点是复杂的三维空间薄壁结构，对其理论分析必须考虑几何非线性和材料非线性的影响。采用能处理几何非线性和材料 非线性影响的有限元方法分析不等宽T型方管节点的受力全过程，对材料应变硬化、大挠度效应及弘杆所受荷载对节点承载力的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明，材料应变硬化对节点影响不大，大挠度效应显著提高了节点的承载力，弘杆所受轴压荷载降低了节点承载力。     

Mechanical analysis of the strain-hardening exponent under tensile deformation

It has been experimentally proved that strain hardening exponent has very strong sensitivity to structure. The measuring result of precise experiment indicated that the variational laws of nv(the strain hardening exponent under constant velocity), nε( under constant strain rate) and np( under constant load) with ε strain are entirely different. Considering the structure sensitivity in superplasticity and plasticity (which means that the strain hardening exponent is related to strain as well as strain rate), this paper deduces the analytical expressions for nv, nε and np from the state equation. Thus, the mechanical essence of nv, nε and np corresponding the change of e is revealed. And the experimental results on typical material Zn 5%AI are interpreted successfully which show reliability of the theory.     

Experimental study on Ti+Nb bearing ultra-low carbon bake hardening sheet steel hot-rolled in the ferrite region

A Ti+Nb bearing ultra-low carbon bake hardening sheet steel hot-rolled in the conventional austenite region and in the ferrite region with lubrication was experimentally studied.Subsequent cold rolling and continuous annealing processes were also conducted.The results show that microstructures of ultra-low carbon bake hardening hot strips at room temperature are basically irregular polygonal ferrites.The yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,n value,and r value of the No.2 specimen hot-rolled in the ferr...     

冷变形对10．9级冷作强化非调质钢包辛格效应的影响

通过单轴拉伸和冷镦试验,研究10．9级紧固件用冷作强化非调质钢MFT10在冷变形过程中的包辛格效应（BE）,探讨影响BE的主要因素。试验结果表明：MFT10钢具有较高的冷镦合格率;当冷拔减面率为25．00％时,试验钢能够满足10．9级紧固件用钢的强度要求,此时进行冷镦时,包辛格效应值最大、压缩抗力最小;MFT10热轧盘条组织主要为铁素体和M／A岛组织,组织中软相、硬相（如M／A岛）的强度差是产生包辛格效应的关键。     

成核剂和填料对反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯性能的影响

研究了成核剂(PL285)和各种填料对反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)力学性能和硬化速度的影响。研究发现,加入成核剂后,TPI各项物理性能增加,且随成核剂用量的增加屈服强度和拉伸强度增大,弯曲模量、弯曲强度和邵尔D型硬度降低。加入填料后TPI的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率降低,屈服强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、邵尔D型硬度及100%定伸应力增大;其中填充白炭黑的TPI各项物理性能最佳。填料使TPI硬化速度降低,几种填料中填充白炭黑的TPI硬化速度最快,且用量增加硬化速度降低。     

高强度冷轧双相钢应变硬化行为

为了研究双相钢在变形过程中的应变硬化特性,采用Hollomon法与修正的Crussard Jaoul法分析了试验钢的应变硬化曲线,并利用力学测试与显微组织观察等手段研究了组织结构对应变硬化行为的影响机制.结果表明：三种试验钢,均表现出较高的初始加工硬化能力.具有岛状马氏体与类针状马氏体的双相钢表现出两个阶段的应变硬化特征,具有粗大块状马氏体的双相钢则表现出三个阶段的硬化特征.与类针状和粗大块状马氏体相比,含有岛状马氏体的双相钢表现出较强的加工硬化能力和强度与塑性的良好配合.块状马氏体较早的进入塑性变形,导致双相钢变形协调难度加大并在晶界周围产生孔洞而使塑性恶化.     

掺轻质砂超高性能混凝土的轴拉力学性能

为研究轻质砂对不同试件尺寸下超高性能混凝土（ultra high performance concrete,UHPC）拉伸应变强化性能的影响,采用轻质砂对原黄砂进行等体积替代,完成9组不同轻质砂体积率（0~35%）和不同试件厚度（30~100 mm）的单轴拉伸试验,并同步进行声发射实时探伤测试。结果表明:轻质砂体积率对UHPC弹性极限点对应应力和对应应变的影响较小,但轻质砂体积率由0增加到35%时,UHPC的极限抗拉强度和极限拉应变分别由10.6 MPa和2.35×10^-3提高到了19.4 MPa和4.3×10^-3;轻质砂体积率大于15%时,UHPC的应变强化程度得到显著提升,试件内部产生的损伤点数更多且分布更均匀,展现出良好的裂缝控制能力;在相同轻质砂体积率下,UHPC的应变强化程度随试件厚度的增加而降低,且试件内部的损伤点趋于集中,表现出明显的尺寸效应。     

软煤应变强度硬化冲击灾变

煤与瓦斯突出软煤层不具冲击倾向性,但在深部开采中却发生了软煤层冲击灾变动力现象.为探索软煤冲击灾变的成因,通过文献研究和工程案例实证分析,证明了软煤层冲击灾变现象的客观存在;通过煤样无侧限单轴压缩试验和冲击倾向性测定,得知试验煤样无冲击倾向性,极限载荷后单调应变强度软化;模拟工程背景现场与掘进工作面和采煤工作面中部相同的边界约束和加载条件,开展单自由度边界承压试验,考察灾变全程应力、应变、声发射特征,研究软煤冲击灾变机理.结果表明:单自由度边界条件下加载,3个煤样均出现应变强度软化-硬化-灾变过程,甚至反复软化-硬化;经应变强度硬化,灾变前煤样抗压强度均超过冲击倾向性的阈值条件;定义了应变强度软化、应变强度硬化系数,灾变前应变强度硬化系数分别为1. 26,1. 53,2. 25,应变强度硬化程度比较显著;软煤在单自由度约束条件下承压,应变硬化达到煤样冲击破坏强度条件时,可发生类似硬煤的冲击灾变,合理解释了现场软煤层冲击灾变的成因.深部高应力条件下,煤与瓦斯突出软煤掘进和开采,要对应变强度硬化导致煤层冲击灾变引起重视;工程上,这种冲击灾变的强度一般不高,但其可诱导煤与瓦斯突出或瓦斯异常涌出,危害性很高.     

High performance low cost steels with ultrafine grained and multi-phased microstructure

Ultrafine grained ferrite was obtained through tempering cold rolled martensite with an average grain size of 200―400 nm in a low carbon and a microalloyed steel. Thermal and mechanical stability of the two steels was studied. Due to the pinning effect of microalloyed precipitates on the movement of dislocations and grain boundaries, the recrystallization and grain growth rate were retarded, and the thermal stability of ultrafine grained microstructure was improved. The ultrafine grained ferritic steel was ...     

应变速率对天津海积软土力学性能的影响

采用WF应力路径三轴仪,对天津滨海海积软土进行了不同围压、不同应变速率的三轴固结不排水剪切试验（CU）,分析了不同应变速率对海积软土试样的应力一应变关系、有效应力及试样破坏形态的影响．结果表明：CU试验应力一应变关系呈硬化特征,剪应力峰值随着应变速率的增大而增大,而孔压变化值则随着应变速率的增大而逐渐减小;不同应变速率的有效应力路径在相同固结压力下基本一致,因而正常固结黏土的有效应力路径具有唯一性;同时,应变速率对总应力强度有所影响,总应力的内摩擦角随着应变速率的增大而增大．     

高锰钢的双n行为

研究了高锰钢在拉伸过程中形变硬化行为及组织结构变化，结果表明，其真应力，真应变分段符合Ｈｏｌｌｏｍｏｎ方程，表现为双ｎ行为，高锰钢优异的形变硬化性能表现在ｎ２阶段，为孪晶强化，在位错强化的ｎ１阶段，其形变硬化不显，在拉伸曲线上出现锯齿形状的同时，试样表面也出现平行的痕迹，这两个特点又表明具有面心结构的高锰钢拉伸形变时，似有早为人知的Ｐｏｒｔｅｖｉｎ－Ｌｅ Ｃｈａｔｅｌｉｅｒ效应。     

Compressive Mechanical Properties of Normalized 10# Low Carbon Steel

Compressive mechanical properties of 10# low carbon steel with normalizing heat treatment are studied.A Gleeble system is adopted to analyze the quasi-static properties and thermal softening effects of heat treated 10# steel,while a Hopkinson bar apparatus is used to investigate its dynamic characteristics under different strain rates.The results show that yield stress of heat treated 10# steel is more than that of untreated one at room temperature.When the specimens are tested at different temperatures,yield stresses decrease with increasing temperature except 573 K.Moreover,the influence of strain rate on yield stress are verified,which shows that the yield stress increases sharply from 500 s-1 to 1 890 s-1,while it changes a little from 1 890 s-1 to 4 850 s-1.The results indicate that yield stress is mainly influenced by hardening effect at low strain rate and controlled by both thermal softening effect and strain rate hardening effect at high strain rate.     

基于弯曲试验的沥青混合料低温抗裂性研究

采用低温弯曲试验来评价沥青混合料的低温抗裂性,评价指标为破坏应变、弯拉强度、弯拉模量和应变能密度临界值,分别研究了老化、掺加粒化聚合物及不同油石比对弯曲实验结果的影响。结果表明:SBS改性沥青和软沥青抗裂性能优于其他沥青;采用应变能密度临界值评价低温抗裂性能所得出的结论与实际相符;在利用软沥青很好的低温抗裂性优势时,其高温稳定性差的缺陷可以通过掺加粒化聚合物的方式加以克服。     

Strain rate sensitivity of tensile properties in high Nb containing TiAl alloys

The effect of strain rate on the yield strength of high Nb containing TiAl alloy was studied. The results show that the strain rate sensitivity varies with the test temperature, and the yield strength is not sensitive to the strain rate at room temperature but significantly sensitive to the strain rate at high temperature. An increase of the strain rate or a decrease of the temperature results in an obvious change of fracture mode. It is found that the strain rate sensitivity of this alloy varying with temperature is due to the dislocation climb generated at high temperature.     

高锰TRIP/TWIP钢变形行为的研究进展

高强度高塑性是汽车用钢发展的主要趋势.Fe-Mn-Al-Si系TRIP/TWIP钢、Fe-Mn-C系TWIP钢和Fe-Mn-Al-C钢具有高的强度、优良的塑性和成形性,为新一代汽车材料.近年来,这些奥氏体汽车用钢的研究与开发受到了高度重视.本文对高锰TRIP/TWIP钢的组织性能、晶体学行为、强韧化机制、应变硬化行为和高速变形方面的研究工作进行了综述.     

Mechanical properties of fine-grained dual phase low-carbon steels based on dynamic transformation

The fine grained dual phase (FG-DP) steel with ferrite grains of 2-4.5 μm and martensite islands smaller than 3 μm was obtained through the mechanism of deformation-enhanced ferrite transformation (DEFT). Mechanical properties of the steel were tested at room temperature. The results indicated that with a similar volume fraction of martensite (about 20vol%),FG-DP steel ex-hibited a superior combination of higher strength and more rapid strain hardening at low strains compared with the coarse-grained dual ph...     

Tensile and flexural properties of ultra high toughness cemontious composite

The tensile and flexural properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced ultra high toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC) were investigated. The composite, tested at the age of 14 d, 28 d and 56 d, shows extremely remarkable pseudo strain hardening behavior, saturated multiple cracking and ultra high ultimate strain capacity above 4% under uniaxial loading. Also, the corresponding crack widths are controlled under 50 μm even at 56 days age. In the third point bending tests on thin plate specimens, the composite shows ultra high flexural ductility and multiple cracking on the tension surface. The high ultimate flexural strength/first tensile strength ratio of about 5 verifies the pseudo strain hardening behavior of UHTCC. SEM observation on fracture surfaces provides indirect evidence of optimal design for the composite. Funded by the Hong Kong Research Grant Council(CERG UST6138/04E), the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50438010) and the Research & Application of Key Technology for the South-North Water Transfer Project Construction in China(JGZXJJ2006-13)     

AZ31B镁合金动态力学行为及变形机制

为了研究挤压态AZ31B镁合金在高应变速率下的力学行为及变形机制,采用分离式Hopkinson压杆和反射式拉杆装置在室温对挤压态AZ31B镁合金进行了动态压缩和拉伸试验,平均应变速率范围在500~2600s^-1之间,用光学显微镜观察了测试后试样的微观组织变化.结果发现,由于在挤压过程中形成了基面织构,沿挤压方向压缩时,拉伸孪晶｛1012｝<1120>首先启动,屈服强度对应变速率不敏感,且屈服强度较低,但在塑性变形的第二阶段,位错滑移参与变形,应变速率硬化效应显著;沿挤压方向拉伸时,压缩孪晶｛1011｝<1120>和非基面滑移是其主要的塑性变形机制,合金屈服强度较高,并表现出轻微的正应变速率效应;由于织构的形成,合金在压缩和拉伸时表现出很强的拉压不对称性,压缩屈服强度与拉伸屈服强度的比值约为0.32.     

Q345B母材及其焊接接头的低周疲劳行为

对Q345B及其光滑焊接接头的低周疲劳行为进行了试验研究.采用轴向对称应变控制方法,保持恒定应变速率为0.005 s-1,在0.3％～0.7％的应变范围内,在电液伺服疲劳试验机上测定了Q345B及其光滑焊接接头的低周循环应力响应特征、应变-寿命、应变-能量关系,并进行了对比分析.结果显示,Q345B母材在应变幅度低于和高于0.4％时分别呈现明显的循环软化和硬化现象,而焊接接头出现显著的硬化现象.与母材相比,焊接接头的低周转变寿命、疲劳强度和疲劳寿命明显减小.通过试验数据确定了Q345母材及其焊接接头Coflin-Manson关系的合理参数,建立了应变幅度-疲劳寿命及能量-寿命关系式.力学不均匀性引起的循环硬化趋势增加是导致焊接接头低周疲劳性能减低的主要原因.